When did the first traffic regulations appear? History of road development and traffic rules

History of traffic rules

A. L. Rybin

© A. L. Rybin, 2017

ISBN 978-5-4485-8594-4

Created in the intellectual publishing system Ridero

Introduction

Road traffic is an integral part of the modern state of being of society. It has absorbed the most advanced scientific and technological progress and characterizes the social and economic level of development of the country.

In the world, 1.3 million people and 50 million people die in one year as a result of road traffic accidents. are injured and maimed. Economic damage from road accidents amounts to more than $500 billion.

IN Russian Federation Over the past 10 years, more than 300 thousand people have died in road accidents, which is equivalent to the population of an average regional center. Almost 1/3 of the dead are people of the most active working age.

Road traffic accidents cause damage to the Russian economy, which amounts to about 2.0% of the country's gross domestic product.

From the memoirs of P. S. Koryakin, commander of a platoon of ORUD in the early 30s in Moscow: “The regulators (regulators) looked impressive: in uniform, in a pith helmet, with a large red wooden baton attached to the belt on one side, and with a Moscow street directory hidden in a leather case, on the other.”

This is how the driver E. Ryzhikov recalled in his book “From a Taxi Cab” about the work of the ORD of that time. “Once I was driving along Pyatnitskaya, from the center to Serpukhovka. Suddenly, at Vishnyakovsky Lane, a traffic controller stops me and strictly demands my license. I submit my license.

The scale and nature of the road safety problem in the country, social, economic and demographic consequences have a significant impact on the country’s national security, and the task of ensuring road safety is actually an independent one. state problem. The streets of a big city during rush hour are filled with streams of cars and pedestrians, everyone is moving in different directions, with at different speeds, goals and motives for travel. But why don’t terrible tragedies happen, everyone doesn’t collide with each other, pedestrians don’t end up under the wheels of vehicles? The fact is that road users comply with the norms of the Rules of the Road (hereinafter referred to as the Rules). The clauses of the Rules, requiring drivers to drive on the right, immediately remove many conflicts; other requirements, such as stopping at a red traffic light, giving way if there is an obstacle on the right, further detail and regulate the behavior of road users.

Protecting his life and health from the danger created by the car, a person was forced to protect himself by concluding the use of the car within the framework of the Rules defining the requirements for the driver and the technical condition of the vehicle. Rules are the basis for accident-free and efficient work motor transport.

In his famous book “The Mastery of Driving,” the French expert in the field of road safety Andre Bonn says this about the Rules: “You can... compare the Rules of the Road with a character who suffers from a complete misunderstanding of him on the part of almost everyone around him, because his face is so it is repulsive that his kind and reasonable qualities remain unknown.

For a car driver, the Rules of the Road are memories of vague and difficult questions that had to be answered during the driving test. This is the bible of the gendarme and the inspector, who want to understand absolutely nothing from such convincing explanations of the driver who committed violations... And, however, the Rules of the Road are the rules of the game that millions of citizens play every day, and in which you can lose your health, life or become an unwitting killer." It is difficult to better and more imaginatively characterize the Rules.

The existing Rules are a set of postulates and interrelated norms, honed over time. This is a leading legal document that, one way or another, affects the interests of almost the entire population of the country, establishes the order of traffic on the streets and roads, and regulates the relationship between road users. They are included in the general transport education of the population.

The Rules concentrate the vast experience of human communication with various vehicles, behavior in a given traffic situation, developed not only over the last 100 years, but also over the period of its entire existence. The rules contain the necessary number of safety standards, compliance with which is quite sufficient to ensure the safe behavior of the driver, pedestrian or passenger.

What are the modern Rules?

Firstly, this legal act in the field of road traffic, which regulates the order of traffic and the relationship between road users.

Secondly, the Rules are a “concentrated expression” of safe behavior on the road that have been developed by mankind. The rules determine the general flow of vehicles and pedestrians, preventing accidents that could lead to loss of life and property.

Thirdly, it is a document that defines a list of requirements for road users, vehicles and traffic control.

These are the many faces of the Rules today, which are just over 100 years old. The first automobile city traffic rules in Russia were adopted on September 21, 1898 in St. Petersburg and were called “On the procedure for passenger and freight traffic in the city of St. Petersburg by car.” In Moscow, the first Rules came into force on April 10, 1904. It was on this day that the Moscow City Duma adopted a resolution “On the procedure for the movement of mechanical carriages around the city.”

Part 1. Historical stages of development of the Rules of the Road

Chapter 1. The road is life (ancient times)

The need for movement, trade, and wars led to the emergence of the first roads already in ancient times. The road turned out to be the thread that led a person out of the labyrinth of darkness and, ultimately, changed him.

Even animals have their own paths and navigation systems. The primitive hunter also used trails to return back to his camp. Already in those distant times, people tried to mark the first roads with the help of notches in trees, broken branches, and laid stones.

The caravans walked through the desert, guided by heaps of stones piled up in places where the road changed its direction.

The need to move goods and people, in turn, prompted man to the idea of ​​​​creating a wheel, a means that made it possible not to drag or carry a load, but to transport it with much less effort, making extensive use of cheap horse-drawn power. The wheel, born somewhere around 5 thousand years ago, was the first structural element of the first vehicles - carts.

The wheel has gone through a long evolution. On the first carts it was made from a whole disk with a diameter of 30-40 cm, then lighter wheels with spokes appeared. The evolution of the cart design also went through a number of stages: at the beginning there were carts with two large wheels, and later with 4 wheels and a turning front axle.

The oldest cart made of wood, made approximately 4 thousand years ago. years BC, found during excavations in the city of Mahenjano-Daro (Pakistan). On the territory of Ukraine, the remains of a cart with wheels dating back to 3 thousand. years BC, were found during excavations on the banks of the Dnieper, near Dnepropetrovsk in 1949 (Fig. 1). At first, bulls and donkeys were used as cartage, then the domestication of horses opened up a new draft force.

Rice. 1 – Using the wheel

The development of social relations and means of production led to the creation of large slave states. Roads and transportation were now necessary for constant and reliable communication links between distant parts of states in order to trade, collect taxes, and also in order to wage further wars of conquest. Pure trade routes also emerged, for example, the famous Silk Road to China and the tea route to India. Roads were a necessary attribute of the state government system.

The centralization of power, along with the development of the road network, also led to the creation of large cities in which transport problems arose.

The greatest development of road transport communications in ancient times was associated with the Roman Republic, and then the empire. During this period, a road system was created. Roads are the most significant remains of the Romans. They can be compared with one of the 7 wonders of the world.

The rules of the road were invented a very long time ago. Very often they were quite ridiculous; for example, it was invented to have a person running in front of a moving vehicle and shouting that the crew was approaching. Conflicts that arise between crews and pedestrians during movement have led to the need for supervision and control, and in some cases, punishment for persistent violators.

The very first traffic rules were introduced by the decree of Julius Caesar in Ancient Rome. With all their imperfections, they included a number of provisions that made it possible to curb the transport flood in Rome and have remained relevant to this day. These rules introduced one-way streets, it was forbidden to travel in private chariots along the streets of Rome during working hours, and non-residents had to leave their vehicle outside the city limits and move on on foot.

During the reign of Ivan 3 in Russia (15th century), the general rules for using postal routes were known, which made it possible to quickly cover large distances on carriage horses. Peter 1 in 1683 issued a decree: “The great sovereign knew that many were taught to ride in sleighs on reins with large whips and, driving through the streets carelessly, beat people, then from now on, from now on, do not ride in sleighs on reins.” With the creation of police authorities in 1718, control over compliance with established rules in St. Petersburg was entrusted to them. It should be noted that the state established not only the rules, but also punishment for their violation. So, on January 9, 1730, Anna Ioannovna ordered a decree to be issued, according to which she ordered that only bridled horses be ridden “with all fear and caution, at attention.” Those who disobey are “beaten with a whip and sent to hard labor.” Over time, traffic rules became more precise. At the disposal of city administrations at the end of the 18th century. we find the following instructions: “When you happen to approach an intersection, then drive even more quietly and look in all directions, so as not to cause damage to anyone or to collide with anyone, and on bridges over rivers, do not overtake carriages, but, on the contrary, drive decently and e soon."

Detailing of the rules continued in the 19th century. In the “Instructions for City Police of Mrskovskaya Police”, published in 1883, the actions of policemen for all occasions were described. 30 paragraphs out of 144 are devoted to “maintaining order and safety on the sidewalk, roads and boulevards.” Let’s take just one paragraph No. 44. It states: “Make sure that when driving through the streets those driving horses:

a) didn’t go to the ferry.

Note: it is not prohibited to pass quietly at a moderate trot;

• b) when going downhill, at intersections, as well as in front of those crossing and crossing the street, horses were held back;
• c) gave way to processions of the cross, funeral and other processions, fire convoys, passing troops and prison parties, and if there was not enough space to pass, stopped until they passed;
• d) did not ride harnessed horses;
• e) in winter we didn’t ride a sleigh without cuts that interfered with the rolling.

The appearance of steam cars caused outrage among retrogrades. They wanted to stop progress with slander and ridicule. The managers of rich offices who owned horse-drawn stagecoaches that transported passengers and cargo were especially successful. They set the government against their opponents, which began to issue very strict rules for steam stagecoaches.

Thus, the government of England adopted a number of rules for the movement of steam cars: Rule one. A person with a red flag must walk ahead of each steam stagecoach at a distance of 55 meters. When meeting carriages or riders, he must warn that a steam engine is following him.

Rule two. Drivers are strictly prohibited from frightening horses with whistles. Letting off steam from cars is allowed only if there are no horses on the road.

Rule three. The speed of the steam engine should not exceed 6 km/h in the village, and 3 km in the city.

The speed of the car was limited in various countries from 6 to 30 km/h. True, in some cities, on the contrary, it was allowed to drive very fast so as not to poison the population with exhaust gases. For the same reason, cars were prohibited from stopping near crowded institutions and gardens.

In Russia, the persecution of cars was of a relatively modest nature and mainly limited the speed of movement. Thus, in Moscow and St. Petersburg, the speed of movement of crews weighing 350 pounds should not exceed 12 versts/hour, and it made no difference whether it moved loaded or empty. And only in 1907 this restriction was lifted and the speed of movement of crews was set at 20 versts/hour.

In the provinces they looked at the car as if it were a fiend from hell. These persecutions especially intensified with the advent of gasoline cars. The enemies of the car were looking for every excuse to infringe on the new car. While they were slow-moving, well-wishers claimed that they had no dignity over horses. While the car was noisy, they complained that it disturbed their peace. Motorists were oppressed in the same way in other countries. In England, the notorious “man with a red flag” law was repealed only in 1896. What rules were not established for motorists:

do not drive on the streets after 9 pm (Rome);

do not signal at crowded intersections so as not to distract the attention of other drivers (Scotland);

give way to any other crew, since there are more other crews and they are more important for the country’s economy (Sweden);

under pain of a year's imprisonment, do not approach barracks, fortifications and weapons depots at night, where, however, all other movement was permitted (France);

when meeting with horses, stop not only the car, but also the engine, so as not to frighten the unfortunate animals (Germany).

And in the state of Texas (USA), a law was passed that ordered car drivers, when approaching herds of horses, to stop on the side of the road and cover the car with a tarpaulin to match the color of the area.

With the advent of the 19th century in the 80s. The first cars with an internal combustion engine, capable of gaining much greater speed than horses, for a long time nothing significant happened in ensuring public safety. And only on August 14, 1893, the first traffic rules for motorists were introduced in France. 3remember: only for drivers. Following the example of France, similar rules are being adopted in other European countries.

With the increase in the quantity and quality of cars, the need arises for drivers to travel not only within their own country, but also abroad.

At first, the rules in different countries differed from each other. But what should a Frenchman do in this case, who goes to Germany but doesn’t know the German language? Or a Dane planning to relax on the shores of the Adriatic Sea? How many countries will you have to cross? So what, every time it is necessary to study the traffic rules of these countries? Naturally, uniform rules of movement on the continent were necessary. And in 1909, an international conference was held in Paris, at which a decision was made on common rules, the same for all European countries.

There was a civil war in Russia. Automotive life in the country was not booming: there were, as we know, only up to 10,000 cars in the whole country. They were concentrated mainly in Moscow, where the government had moved from St. Petersburg. It can be assumed that this is precisely why the first regulatory act specifically dedicated to road safety appeared only in 1920. The Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Federation of Soviet Socialist Republics dated June 10, 1920, signed by Lenin, was called “On automobile traffic in Moscow and its surroundings.” realities (rules )". This document took into account many aspects of ensuring traffic safety. This included requirements for cars: their registration, operating procedures, license plates, and drivers, in accordance with this decree, were required to have a driver’s license and a waybill.

The rules established maximum speed limits: for cars and motorcycles - no higher than 25 versts/h, for trucks - no more than 15, security functions were divided between departments. Already in August 1921, Order No. 225 was created for the workers’ and peasants’ militia, in accordance with which its employees were ordered to study not only political literacy, arithmetic, and the Russian language, but also, as a mandatory matter, traffic regulation.

In 1940, the first standard traffic rules appeared, on the basis of which more unified local rules began to be established. However, even at this stage, many unjustified differences, and in some cases, contradictions, still remained in the rules. Naturally, this made the work of drivers difficult.

An important stage was the creation in 1957 of new traffic rules, which had fundamental differences. They eliminated many restrictions and thereby provided greater opportunities for driver initiative.

Based on these standard rules, in 1957-1959. Republican traffic rules were introduced, and in 1961 the first unified traffic rules were introduced throughout the entire territory of the USSR. These Rules were in force on the basis of the 1962 and 1931 Conventions on Road Traffic, when our country joined the League of Nations. In 1933, “Regulations for the Application within the CCCP of the International Convention Relating to Motor Vehicles” were introduced, which declared the essence of the 1926 Convention.

The Convention contained the following sections:

• · General provisions.
• · Technical conditions that vehicles must meet when traveling internationally.
• · International distinctive sign.
• · International vehicle certificates.
• · International driving licenses.
• · Deprivation of the right to use an international vehicle license and a permit to drive a vehicle.
• · Procedure for entry, stay and exit.
• · Rules about tryptics.
• · Traffic warning signals.

The Unified Rules of 1961, after some revision, were reissued in 1965 and were in effect for 8 years. In 1968, the CCCP acceded to the International Convention. The main section of this document is “Road Rules”. In 1973, new Rules were introduced based on the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic.

On the basis of the Vienna Conventions of 1968 and 1975, the UN European Commission developed European Agreements supplementing these Conventions. They contain more specific and unambiguous provisions in relation to the peculiarities of traffic in European countries.

In 1980, taking this into account, the Traffic Rules were introduced, which included some structural changes and clarified certain provisions. The 1980 rules differ from the previous ones due to the new system of road signs. These Rules worked until 1987. The traffic rules of the Russian Federation were approved by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 23, 1993. The legal field of operation of the Rules has changed. As is known, the Traffic Rules in the CCCP were not adopted at such a high level. Usually they were approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the CCCP.

The rules are constantly being updated. This is due to many factors: traffic conditions have become more complicated, the quantity and quality of vehicles have changed, the speed characteristics of vehicles have increased, the intensity of traffic flows has increased, etc. All this requires bringing into compliance legal issues, which do not always correspond to the situation.

Traffic regulation is an issue posed in the distant past. The movement of pedestrians and horse-drawn carriages also required regulation. In those days, this was carried out by royal decrees.

The history of traffic rules dates back to Ancient Rome . Julius Caesar introduced one-way traffic on several streets in the city in the 50s BC. From sunrise until approximately two hours before sunset (the end of the working day), the passage of private carts and chariots was prohibited.

Visitors to the city had to travel in Rome on foot or on a palanquin (stretchers on long poles), and park their vehicles outside the city limits.

Already at that time there was a surveillance service monitoring compliance with these rules. It consisted mainly of former firefighters

The duties of this service were to prevent conflict situations among vehicle owners. The intersections were not regulated. To ensure free passage, nobles sent walkers ahead. They cleared the streets and the nobles could thus freely travel to their destination.

Over time, changes and additions were made to the rules, stipulating features when driving through intersections, changing the speed limit when approaching an intersection, and prohibiting overtaking in difficult areas. One of the additions was a rule giving priority in traffic to pedestrians. A religious procession or, for example, a funeral ceremony also enjoyed an advantage in the movement.

The basis of modern traffic rules was laid on December 10, 1868 in London. On this day, the first railway semaphore appeared in the square in front of Parliament in the form of a colored disk with mechanical control. This semaphore was invented by J.P. Knight, a semaphore specialist of that time.

The device consisted of two semaphore wings, and depending on the position of the wings, the corresponding signal was indicated:

• Horizontal position – movement prohibited
• Position at an angle of 45 degrees - movement is allowed, but with precautions.

At night, a gas lamp was used, signaling in red and green. The traffic light was controlled by a servant in livery.

The technical implementation of the semaphore was not so successful. The chain of the mechanism for raising and lowering the booms was so noisy that it greatly frightened the horses, making it difficult for the coachman to control. Less than a month later, a semaphore exploded, injuring a police officer.

The number of vehicles continued to increase, and the first cars began to replace carts. The need for traffic management has increased significantly. The first rods for manually regulating traffic at intersections appeared in 1908. The first road signs can be considered signs indicating movement to a populated area.

In 1909, at a world conference in Paris, it was decided to create unified European Traffic Rules, as the number of cars continued to grow, and the speed limit and traffic intensity on city streets increased.

The next step in the development of traffic management was at the traffic conference in Geneva in 1931 "Convention for the Introduction of Uniformity in Road Signaling" was adopted. The Soviet Union was also a participant in this conference.

The first official publication of the Road Traffic Rules in the USSR took place in 1920. The document had a title “About traffic in Moscow and its environs”. This document has already described in detail many important issues. Driver's licenses for the right to drive have appeared, and the maximum speed limit has been designated. In 1940, general traffic regulations were issued for the entire union, which were edited for each city.

United general Rules road traffic operating throughout the entire territory of the USSR was introduced in 1961. “Rules for driving on the streets of cities, towns and roads of the USSR”

The most important date in the history of the Road Traffic Rules is November 8, 1968. On this day in Vienna I was The Convention on Road Traffic was adopted. The document was signed by representatives of 68 countries and is still in force today.

By 1973, the USSR traffic rules were written in accordance with the Vienna Convention. With the passage of time and corresponding changes on the roads, the constant growth of transport, and technological development of road networks, adjustments and additions are constantly being introduced.

The latest changes as of the date of writing this material came into force on November 24, 2012 and are always State Duma Bills aimed at adapting the rules to the real situation on the roads are being considered.

Kulikova Svetlana
Summary of traffic rules in senior group“How did the traffic rules come about?”

Subject "How traffic rules have appeared» .

Target: create conditions for children’s cognitive activity.

Tasks:

OO "Cognitive Development"

Strengthen children's knowledge about traffic rules;

Introduce the history of traffic lights and road signs;

Clarify children's knowledge about the purpose road signs;

Promote the development of curiosity.

OO "Social and communicative development"- to introduce to rules safe behavior on the roadway.

OO "Speech development"

Develop the ability to answer questions, monitor your actions, express your actions in words;

Develop the ability to think logically.

Methodical techniques:

- Informational and illustrative: conversation, questions, explanation, artistic expression (poems, riddles).

- Gaming: didactic games "Traffic light", "Think - Guess", "Guess the sign", "Unusual road sign » .

Reproductive actions with cards, repetition movements in the game.

Vocabulary work:bumpy roads, traffic light

Material:projector, presentation, cards for educational games.

Preliminary work: - conversation about traffic rules;

Reading fiction;

Didactic and outdoor games; - acquaintance with road signs.

Children, look what a beautiful chest I have. Are you wondering what's in there? Then guess riddle:

He has three eyes

Three on each side!

And although never yet

He didn’t look at everything at once -

He needs all the eyes.

It was invented a long time ago

And he stares at everyone.

What is this? (traffic light)

There's more here, listen to the next one riddle:

On the side of the road roads,

They stand like soldiers.

You and I are doing everything,

Whatever they tell us.

Today I would like to talk to you about something very important, about traffic rules, namely, how they appeared. Sit back and get ready to listen.

There was a time when the streets and roads Only riders on horseback, chariots and horse-drawn carts rode. They can be considered the first vehicles. They traveled without observing any rules, and therefore often collided with each other. After all, city streets in those days were usually narrow, and roads winding and bumpy. It became clear that it needed to be streamlined traffic on streets and roads, that is, to invent rules who would do movement they are convenient and safe.

First traffic rules have appeared more than 2000 years ago.

They helped regulate traffic on city streets. Some of these the rules have survived to this day. For example, already in those ancient times, only one-way traffic was allowed on many streets. movement.

After the first cars appeared. They drove very slowly. Over time, there were more and more cars. Then the first rules for motorists appeared. At first, different countries had different rules. But it was very inconvenient, then they did it rules are the same for all countries.

There was a time when crossing the street of a big city was not at all easy. People stood on the sidewalk for a long time and waited for the endless stream of horse-drawn carriages to end. The most impatient ones ran across the street. Do you think they did the right thing? What could have happened to them?

(Children's answers)

What can we say about these days, when a stream of cars rushes in several rows! How can pedestrians cross the street? But there are still cars that move transversely direction, and they also need to be released the road. Think and tell me what helped you regulate traffic on the road?

(Children's answers).

- Right, to help participants traffic - and pedestrians, and drivers - a traffic light comes. Traffic light translated from another language - "light bearer". It regulates movement using light signals.

Do you know when appeared the usual traffic light for us?

It turns out to regulate movement using a mechanical device began 140 years ago in London.

The first traffic light stood in the city center on a pole 6 meters high. Managed a person specially assigned to them. Using belts, he raised and lowered the instrument needle. Then the arrow was replaced by a lantern powered by lamp gas. The lantern had green and red glasses, but yellow ones had not yet been invented.

Interestingly, in the first traffic lights the green signal was at the top, but then they decided that it was better to place the red signal on top.

We have the first traffic light in our country appeared almost 100 years ago in Moscow. It looked like a round clock with three sectors - red, yellow and green. And the adjuster manually turned the arrow, setting it to the desired color.

Most traffic lights use three colors. Which?

(Children's answers).

Didactic game "Traffic light"

The teacher gives the children circles of yellow, red, green colors. The traffic lights change sequentially, and the children show the corresponding colored circles and explain what each signal means.

Why were these particular traffic light colors chosen?

Red is the color of danger. It is clearly visible both during the day and at night, and in rain and fog. It is no coincidence that fire trucks in all countries are painted red. They warn other participants movement about danger and demand to yield to them the road. So the red traffic light prohibits movement. It's like he speaks: “Stop! The path is closed!

Green - the color is sharply different from red; they cannot be confused. Therefore, a green traffic light, unlike a red one, does not prohibit, but allows movement. It's like he speaks: “The way is open!”

Between red and green "eyes" Another traffic light was placed - yellow. He calls on drivers and pedestrians to be careful, as if saying them: "Attention! Soon movement will either be permitted or prohibited.”

Sometimes traffic lights, in addition to the three main color sections, have additional green arrows. They point direction, in which it is allowed movement.

What other traffic lights are there?

There are also special traffic lights for pedestrians. They use only two light signals - red and green. They depict little pedestrians. The red man is standing, and the green man is walking.

What do you think these colored people represent?

Yes, Right, if the red pedestrian light is on, go through no way, you have to stand. But if the pedestrian light is green, you can cross the street, but be sure to make sure that there are no obstacles for a safe crossing.

Most often, such pedestrian traffic lights are installed in places where moves big flow difficult for cars and pedestrians to cross the road.

Now Mira will read to you poem:

If the red light is on -

This means your path is closed!

If the yellow light is on -

"Get ready!"- speaks.

And the green light is on -

The path forward is open to you!

Didactic game “Think - guess”

I want to know who we have group the most resourceful and quick-witted. I will ask you questions and throw the ball, and you catch it and, answering the question, throw it back to me.

How many wheels does it have? passenger car? (Four.)

How many people can ride on one bike? (One.)

Who walks on the sidewalk? (Pedestrian.)

Who drives a car? (Driver.)

What is the place where two intersections are called? roads? (Crossroads.)

What is the roadway for? (For traffic.)

Which side of the roadway? transport is moving? (By right.)

What can happen if a pedestrian or driver violates Traffic Laws? (Accident or accident.)

What is the top light at a traffic light? (Red.)

How many signals does a traffic light have? (Three.)

What animal is a pedestrian crossing compared to? (With a zebra.)

Which cars are equipped with special sound and light signals? ( « Ambulance» , fire and police cars.)

Children, you and I also took out from the chest road signs. You know that road signs appeared long before the advent of cars and, even when people had not yet come up with the idea of ​​traveling on horses or in horse-drawn carriages.

It can be assumed that the first « road sign» there was a trace of a man (print of his feet) The traveler who followed the first saw these prints and trodden a path for others. If there were trees or stones along such a path, then the traveler could leave man-made signs on them for the one who walked after him.

Of course, the first road signs were directional signs. For example, piles of stones, free-standing large stones, notches in trees, etc.

After pillars appeared, which were called verstovye. The pillars began to be painted with black and white stripes. This way they were better visible at any time of the day. They indicated the distance from one settlement to another and the name of the area.

But there is a serious need for road signs arose with the advent of cars. High speed, poor condition roads demanded the creation of a system of signs that would provide drivers and pedestrians with the necessary information. And more than a hundred years ago, it was decided that road signs must be uniform in purpose and appearance throughout the world. And then we agreed that for everyone road Signs should not contain inscriptions, but symbols that are understandable to everyone.

The first four were installed at the same time road signs. They have survived to this day, although they appearance changed. These signs have such titles: "Uneven road» , "Dangerous bend", "The intersection of equivalent roads» And « Railway moving with a barrier".

Now road The signs look like this.

Didactic game "Guess the sign"

The teacher reads riddles (poetry) O road signs, children show cards with their images.

Hey driver, be careful!

It's impossible to go fast.

People know everything in the world -

Children go to this place.

(Sign "Children")

Here Men at work -

Neither pass nor pass.

This is a place for pedestrians

It's better to just bypass.

(Sign « Men at work» )

It has two wheels and a saddle on a frame,

There are two pedals at the bottom, you turn them with your feet.

He stands in the red circle,

He talks about the ban.

(Sign "Bicycle Movement Prohibition» )

This zebra on road

I'm not at all afraid.

If everything around is okay,

I'm setting off along the stripes.

(Sign "Pedestrian crossing".)

If someone breaks a leg,

Here doctors will always help.

First aid will be provided

(Sign "First aid station")

You won't get there without gasoline

To the cafe and shop.

This sign will tell you loudly:

“There’s a gas station nearby!”

(Sign « Gas station» )

If you need to call

Whether home or abroad,

The sign will help, he will say,

Where to look for your phone!

(Sign "Telephone")

If your journey has been long,

We need to lie down and rest.

This sign tells us:

“There is a hotel here!”

(Sign "Hotel or motel")

When you need food,

Then come here.

Hey driver, pay attention!

Food station coming soon!

(Sign "Food station")

In different countries there are the most unusual, amazing, funny and road signs. Along roads and highways, warning signs are installed about possible encounters with animals and more.

Didactic game "Unusual road sign»

In this game, children are asked to come up with an unusual road sign.

You need to choose a card with images of objects from the surrounding world and try to come up with ideas for this object. road sign. At the same time, the most fantastic, most incredible options are possible.

Nowadays, most people drive cars, they studied even more traffic rules at a driving school and passed exams. But the first traffic rules for cars on the territory of modern Belarus and Russia appeared just over 100 years ago.

For carts, chariots, sleighs with reins and other vehicles in Russia, the very first traffic rules appeared already in 1683. They were published by Peter I.

In general, the first cars began to appear in Belarus in 1895. And already September 11, 1896 officially the first traffic rules appeared. It was Resolution No. 7453 of the Minister of Railways, Prince M.I. Khilkova“On the procedure and conditions for transporting heavy objects and passengers along the highway of the Department of Railways in self-propelled carriages.”

These rules consisted of only 12 points, but in the modern version there are more than 200 of them. In the first traffic rules, a car is called a “self-propelled carriage”, the speed of movement is limited by the concepts of “quiet”, “the quietest move”. But technical inspection was already mandatory then, although it was carried out according to the same rules as the inspection of steam boilers on ships.

Here are the rules themselves:

Note. These rules come into force under Articles 7 and 8 every six months, and for all others within month period from the date of announcement in each locality.