Door lock for interior door design. Arrangement of locks with handles for interior doors

A mortise lock with a handle may differ in size, shape and material from which it is made A door lock is, of course, an integral part of the house. This installation must be of high quality, durable, and reliable. All locks are conventionally divided into three groups - mortise, overhead, padded. A mortise lock for a doorway is chosen very often.

Types of locks with handle

By mechanism type door locks There are lever, disk, cylinder, biometric. The lever design includes components, including a secret part. It is presented in a set of several plates, and together it is a reliable protection mechanism. Such a secret mechanism ensures the coordinated operation of the plates with figured cutouts; when opened, they are aligned with protrusions where the key bit is.

The lock handle should be selected depending on the style of the interior

The lever-type structure, although it is simple, nevertheless, the principle of operation ensures a high degree of reliability. True, this design still has a drawback. Namely, it is designed in such a way that it has a large hole size, that is, a potential thief has the opportunity to check his master keys.

But there is no need to worry if you decide to choose a lever lock. Today, not only simple models are produced, but also mechanisms equipped with a special protective system. Therefore, burglars are unlikely to be able to get into the required grooves. And the mechanism, when burglars try to open it, is blocked with a master key.

Cylinder and disc locks

Cylinder locks are so called because the design includes a cylinder. And the rotation of this cylinder, which means the opening is carried out by turning the base of the key. Such locks are often used in everyday life; some call them Soviet, which in this case means not modern, with a low degree of reliability.

A disc lock cannot be called modern; turning the key sets the discs in motion, that’s the whole scheme. But if it is a disk type with a handle, then its anti-burglary protection is not the worst.

Thus, disc and cylinder locks:

• They are not modern models;
• Their elements are reliable, but not so reliable that experienced burglars could not cope with the mechanism;
• A thief can simply pull out the lock cylinder to open the locking device;
• Therefore, you should not spend money on expensive models with a cylinder or disk mechanism, they are not worth it.

When purchasing a cylinder lock, you should ask the seller for documents confirming its quality

If you need an inexpensive lock, and you are going to place it where there is a low probability of burglary, you can purchase something from cheap Chinese products. The elements are simple, easy to open/close, and easy to assemble. Looking at the cross-sectional model of such locks, you can be convinced that this is not the most reliable built-in mechanism.

Interior mortise lock: device and design

The circuit of such a lock is combined with a handle. That is, it is equipped not only with a latch, but also with an exit to the handle. It also sets the halyard tongue in motion, this occurs due to its connection with the rotary pin. Mechanisms, depending on the type of handle, can be rotary round, push-type or noba type.

The locking structure of interior doors consists of:

• Shutter;
• Moving plate;
• Lever;
• Springs;
• Latches;
• Cases.

For interior doors you can choose cheaper mortise locks than for entrance doors

Interior door locks (or as this structure is otherwise called - internal lock) cannot be called a full-fledged locking structure. Still, this is not the same as a lock for the front door. The interior lock consists of a handle, decorative overlays, a bolt and a locking mechanism. The details are that the larva of such a lock does not have an internal structure. That is, it is not difficult to unlock the mechanism, and it is not so difficult to assemble/disassemble it.

Metal entrance door lock

For input iron door(or wooden) structures of the overhead type, built-in and mortise are used. Most modern locks are mortise designs. It is inserted inside the door leaf and can be connected to the handle.

You can’t leave your front door without reliable locking hardware. The main part of the mortise model cuts into the door leaf. It turns out that only the key hole goes outside. The response part of such a bell has the form of a plate; it cuts into the box opposite. This is how the mortise system is installed on any entrance door.

Classification: types of keys for locks

The most common are English keys. But their reliability is low. An English lock has a flat key, with ridged grooves on one edge and a longitudinal dimple. In this case, the riflings rest against small pins in the lock, and then recess them to a certain depth.

When purchasing a lock you receive several sets of keys

Cross keys cannot be called reliable either. Only there are more secrets on the blank of such a key. In English castles there are only pins in the cylinder at the bottom. But in the cross castle they are on four sides. Such keys have four sides; if you look at the drawing, they resemble a screwdriver. Therefore, it is not difficult for a burglar to make a master key and open such a lock.

What are Finnish keys:

• This is half a round rod, which is cut across, with shallow machined grooves;
• This type of key lock is also not difficult to open;
• On a strong iron rod you can repeat the shape of a key without secrets, and even a novice burglar can make such a master key with his own hands.

The most reliable keys are lever and perforated. Small pits, notches, and holes are applied to perforated keys. There are even keys with magnetic inserts and a floating pin. It is difficult to break into such a system, especially if the lock cylinder is protected by a special bracket, and the set includes perforated keys with the owner’s secret card.

Detailed picture: English door lock

This is the most reliable cylinder lock. On the other hand, it is believed that it is not exposed to special risks, that is, it is used in everyday life. But the design is simple, it is easy to repair.

The English castle has excellent aesthetic qualities and reliability

What are the advantages of an English castle:

• If the keys are lost or the core is broken, installing a new core is not difficult at all;
• The lock is compact, as are the keys to it;
• You can insert another core into one mechanism.

The disadvantages include the same modest protection indicators. Therefore, more often such a lock is used with additional security systems, of course, not push-button-level designs, but some kind of duplicate, more reliable lock. And sometimes it makes sense to install security bolts on the front door.

Locking mechanism for a plastic door

The locking mechanism can be single-locking or multi-locking. A single-point lock has only one locking point, meaning it will not provide reliable security and a tight fit to the door. The multi-point design is a locking mechanism for two- or even three-point door locking.

Locks for plastic doors can be partially plastic or entirely metal. The latter option is more common, as it has high strength. Otherwise, the choice is made according to the same criteria: type of lock, mechanism, etc. It can be an auto-lock, or a lock that can only be closed with keys.

A locking mechanism for a plastic door can be bought in a specialized store or on the Internet.

Many experts assure that it is not a matter of whether the castle is English, Finnish or French. The most reliable method of protection is a combination locking system. When combined different types locks, then theoretically it will be very difficult for a burglar to quickly deal with them. For example, a cylinder lock and a lever lock are installed. One set of master keys won't get you off here.

And it’s even easier to put a regular old latch inside. The latch is always easy to close. Yes, and this will be additional protection when the owner of the house.

Well, there are simple safety rules: if there are three doors on the site, and yours looks the most expensive, this will not stop a burglar. He is not as scared of not being able to cope with the construction as he is of not trying his luck to get into this particular, apparently rich apartment. And, of course, there is no need to show the keys in public; modern burglars can make a master key simply from a photo taken on a phone. Be careful and prudent.

Types of mortise locks with handles for entrance doors (video)

A modern lock is equipped not only with a spring, a latch and other well-known elements, it can also be a device with the owner’s secret card, etc. Because the choice is great, it’s a matter of opportunities and priorities.

Good luck with your choice and strong locks!

Similar materials

Each apartment has at least one interior door with a built-in locking mechanism. There are a huge variety of locks for interior doors, and therefore a variety of locking mechanisms can be installed in the door, depending on the type of door and the desired level of protection.

This can be a regular lock with a latch on the door handle, a lever, cylinder or mortise mechanism. As a rule, such locks have different type operating mechanism and provide different levels of protection. However, which one is better to choose for interior door in your house?

Installing a conventional lock with a handle is not a difficult task. To do this, you need to drill a keyhole in the door leaf of the required size. Having made the desired hole, you need to insert the lock and secure it to the canvas. This type of lock is suitable for interior doors made of any material. It is not recommended to install the lock by attaching a strip to the end of the door. This installation method will weaken the structural reliability and protection.

Lock device

Door locks are important elements of door hardware that serve to close, securely secure and lock the entrance door. Such locks can be of various models and are divided depending on the type of construction, material, method of placement, technical features, as well as the type of door for which they are intended.

Typically, the features of the lock and its mechanism will depend on its type. The simplest one has a regular padlock, which can be found in most houses and apartments. The mechanism of such a lock is unlocked using regular keys or a digital code. More modern models can be unlocked using an electronic chip. As a rule, such locks are quite durable; they are made of high-quality metal.

The overhead type of locking mechanism differs primarily in its installation features. This type of lock is installed not inside the door leaf, but on top. As a rule, the rim lock mechanism is installed indoors and allows for a high level of security and door locking. This type of lock is installed using special frames and a box. The mechanism is unlocked from the outside with a key, and adjusted from the inside with a key or a special latch.

However, the most common type of lock for an interior door is a padlock. The peculiarity of the working mechanism of such a lock is that it is cut into the door leaf, leaving only a hole for the key on the outside. Such locks can be used for doors of any type and are made in various thicknesses.

The internal mechanism of a lever-type lock is an excellent example of the standard operating mechanism of most mechanical locks. A lock of this type consists of the following elements:

The interaction of all elements of the lock's operating mechanism ensures its operation and a high level of secrecy, protection against burglary in a crude and intelligent manner. A lever type of door lock that you can easily install with your own hands. Locks of this type are placed at the end of the door leaf, secured with overlay plates and a handle.

The currently popular rim lock is a simple type of locking mechanism that provides an average level of security and can be installed in interior doors with your own hands.

More often you can find modern rim locks made of durable stainless steel with brackets, due to which the structure is reliably protected. The staples do not allow the structure to be caught and broken using a crowbar or other tool.

The locking mechanism of this type is mounted on top of the door leaf, which is its main difference from other types of locks. As a rule, the rim lock mechanism is installed indoors and allows for a high level of security and door locking. This type of lock is installed using special frames and a box.

As a rule, practical cylinder locks are used for any type of door and are manufactured in various thicknesses.

Therefore, in order to purchase a suitable mortise lock for your interior or entrance door, you need to accurately measure the width of the lock niche. As a rule, mortise locks can have different mechanisms and designs.

The mechanism of a modern cylinder lock has a high level of security, so such locks provide a high level of door protection against burglary. The main element of the working mechanism of this type of lock is a special cylinder, which is activated when the correct rotary key combination is used.

The cylinder consists of special elements, pins, which are triggered when the key is turned and adapt to it. As a rule, the slightest inconsistencies in the combination block the opening of the lock. That is why this type of lock can be confidently called the most reliable.

Practical mortise locks are also very popular today. Their mechanism cuts into the door leaf, leaving a hole for the key on the outside. Such locks can be used for doors of any type and are made in various thicknesses. Therefore, in order to purchase a suitable mortise lock for your interior or entrance door, you need to accurately measure the width of the lock niche.

As a rule, mortise locks can have different mechanisms and designs. The main advantage of a mortise lock is the fact that after installation the lock is practically invisible to prying eyes. Today, mortise is the most common type of lock installation on an interior door.

How the lock works

As a rule, the operating principle of the locking mechanism will depend entirely on the type of lock. All locks are conventionally divided into several categories, depending on the type of device mechanism and its complexity. In this case, there are locks with simple and complex, mechanical and electric locking mechanisms.

The category of simple locking mechanisms includes such types of locks as padlock and invoice. Devices with complex operating mechanisms include lever and cylinder locks.

Mechanical locks are more popular; they are the ones most often found on most interior doors. Such locks are distinguished by an easy-to-use mechanism, low cost and accessibility. As a rule, they are installed when no increased requirements are imposed on the level of protection.

Electromagnetic locks are modern devices for protecting doors from intelligent and brute force breaking with the highest level of protection. Recently, such locks can be found quite often even in the simplest interior doors in an apartment. Such a lock looks quite attractive, is easy to use and compact in size, and can also restrict access to any room in the house.

In general, the operating principle of conventional mechanical locks will differ depending on the type of lock, however, they will all be unlocked through the use of a key. The key is the main element that starts the working mechanism of the lock. When selecting the correct code or rotary combination, the lock pins give in and are placed in the correct position, thereby moving the springs and freeing access to the door.

As a rule, without a key and knowledge of the required combination, opening most types of mechanical locks is quite difficult. In addition, when using brute force or even intelligent hacking using special professional master keys, there is a high probability of breaking the lock without gaining access to the door.

A locksmith or a seller of locks and hardware often has to deal with philistine myths and legends regarding the subject of our work. And the emergence of such myths and legends in most cases is associated with low literacy of both consumers and many salespeople. A person does not master the topic, and in order to explain some incomprehensible point, he has to use imagination, which often borders on feeblemindedness.

Here we will talk to you about lever locks. Let's look at their structure, and also discuss the legends and absurdities that surround the level castle.

Locks with keys of this type are called level locks, and not level ones, as some call them.

From the word “suvald”, and not from the verb “suvat”. We'll talk about the origin of this unusual name below.

Locks with a lever type mechanism are among the most ancient in the world. In one of the previous materials, where we looked at general information on castles, there was an introductory part about an Egyptian castle that appeared about 4000 years ago. So, despite the fact that the code elements of the Egyptian lock were pins, in terms of its operating principle it was more similar to a lever lock, because the bolt was controlled directly by a key, and not by some drive elements. And the Egyptian castle is the first official mention of castles in the world.

Sometimes lever locks are called safe locks. It is not clear who was the first to use this incorrect definition: cunning sellers who, using the word “safe,” wanted to emphasize the secrecy of the goods being sold, or ordinary people who hoped that the magic word “safe” would elevate their locks to the rank of inaccessible.

A safe lock is called a safe lock because it is intended to be used only on a safe. Installing a safe lock on an apartment door or anywhere else other than a safe door is extremely difficult. But if you get smart and install it, then it’s impossible to use it. A safe lock can only be opened and closed from the outside. Even if some kind of “babyka” gets inside the safe, it should not be able to open the lock from the inside.

Once again, a safe lock is not one that has a specific type of mechanism, but one that is designed to be installed and operated specifically on the safe door. There are safe locks with a lever type mechanism. But not all lever locks are safe. Within the framework of this material, we are talking about apartment locks with a lever-type mechanism, and they are not safe. It is wrong to talk about some kind of safe-keeping in relation to these locks.

We will study a lock with a lever type mechanism in detail. We will look at each component in detail, find out the purpose of each detail, and only after that we will assemble the lever lock and through the transparent cover we will see the principle of operation of the lever lock.

Frame

Like any other lock, a lever lock has a body. The case, roughly speaking, is a metal box in which all the components of the lock are placed and operate. In most cases, the case is closed with a lid, as in our case.

But there are lever locks in which there is no cover, and the package of code elements is pressed and held in the body by a metal sheet, the base of the door on which the lock is mounted. This occurs most often on safes and metal boxes.

In some cases, the cover of the lever lock is made of heat-treated steel. Such locks are better able to withstand forceful opening methods, but the cost of a lock with such a cover, of course, increases.

In our case, the lever lock has a non-heat-treated body and cover, which are galvanized.

Level lock hasp

Direct locking of the door is carried out by the lock bolt. In a lever lock, the bolt in most cases looks like this:

The pins, fingers and plates that come out of the body represent the bolt or crossbar if there are several of them. It is the crossbars that secure the door leaf.

In addition to the visible part, the lock in particular and the lever lock have a hidden part of the bolt, which cannot be seen without disassembling the lock.
In particular, this is the shank of the bolt. The shank is a steel plate that is fixedly connected to the crossbars.

There are several important locations on the shank:

Tooth comb

Through it, the key of the lever lock moves the bolt.

Literally 8-10 years ago there was such a type of hacking of a lever lock as opening with a roll.

The so-called pre-fabricated “roll” was inserted into the hole of the lever lock. The shape of the package was very similar to the key of a lever lock, only it had no teeth. The roll was made of very hard alloys, hardened steel of certain grades, etc. With the help of a lever that was attached to the handle, the package was rotated with enormous effort in the lever lock, broke the levers and forcibly moved the lock bolt. I moved it just through the toothed comb. The hacking method was very fast and relatively quiet.

But about ten years ago, manufacturers introduced an elegant solution into their locks, which provided 100% protection against opening the lever lock with a roll. Artificially weakened toothed comb. The lock we have shown shows that the lock tooth has been artificially weakened by a drilled hole.

Now, when you try to open such a lock with a roll, the weakened tooth will break and will not let the intruder inside. True, after this the lock will no longer open with the original key, but that’s a different question. He coped with his main task - he did not let the swindler inside.
With the introduction of an artificially weakened toothed comb, the method of opening a lever lock with a roll disappeared completely. Ten years ago this was often talked about, and law enforcement officers often greeted hacked lever locks with a roll. Today this no longer occurs.

We've moved away from the topic a little, let's continue to look at the lock bolt.

Bolt shank stand

In addition to the toothed comb, the bolt shank has such an important detail as the bolt shank stand. We especially draw your attention to this detail and repeat its name: the bolt shank stand.
In our case, here it is:

The bolt shank post is the part through which the lock bolt is locked. If you press on the bolts on a completely closed lock, trying to push them inside with your hand, then it is the post that will prevent the bolt from sliding, it will rest against the code elements.

There is a method for opening lever locks, such as removing the bolt shank post by drilling. If you surf the Internet, you can even dig up some templates that show the exact location of the stand on a closed lock, if you center the template along the keyhole.

Drilling out the rack, both previously and now, is a very popular method of opening lever locks in the criminal environment. Therefore, many manufacturers by default make the stand from hard alloys (for example, hardened steel), or introduce something hard into its body, such as a steel ball. You can even further protect this important element level lock with armor plate.

Some individuals, having gathered “tops” from the Internet about drilling, begin to convince others (and us sellers, after all, we are the most stupid, we don’t know anything about our product, we’re just waiting for someone to come and tell us) that drilling Locks are completely useless products, since they are easily, quickly and relatively quietly drilled. In this case, we usually ask - what and when was the last time a person drilled and held a power tool in his hands? In half the cases, it turns out that the sofa opener standing in front of you doesn’t have a drill or a “shurik” at all.

Our company’s specialists have repeatedly had to use the method of drilling out the pillar in the event of an emergency opening of a door, in the event of the loss of keys or in the event of a broken lock. We confidently assert that opening a lock using the pinhole drilling method is a hemorrhoidal and difficult task. When drilling out the bolt shank post, you can get stuck very long time– you can spend up to two hours poking around on a call. At the same time, drilling out the shank stand is a difficult to predict process. When drilling, the lock can become very clogged; chips can form at the drilling site, which will continue to lock the bolt; in the end, the bolt can become warped, because in some models of locks the movement of the bolt is positioned along the rack. There were cases when a drill broke in a drilled hole; those who drilled two objects superimposed on each other in a horizontal plane know that this happens. And now it will take some time to crumble the broken drill and pull it out of the hole, and only then continue drilling.

In short, the process is incredibly hemorrhoidal. Of course, with experience and with an increase in the number of drilled locks, the time for this action decreases.
But those people who professionally provide services for emergency opening of locks and doors have moved away from drilling towards other types of opening, including because drilling is long, difficult and poorly predictable.

The bolt shank post is in most cases made in the form of a square. But there are a wide variety of forms of racks. For example, in some domestic locks the post may be round in cross-section - this shape simplifies the opening of the lock using intelligent methods, using master keys.

In most cases, the shank of the bolt has an anti-pick design. In our case, we see that the rack has an anti-pick groove. We'll see how it works further.

On heavy-duty locks, where there are exits along the vertical drive (for rods), the bolt shank often has a detail for controlling the exits for the rods. This is not the case in our example.

Well, now about the code elements!

Levers

The code elements of lever locks are plates different forms and are called suvalds.

One theory claims that the word “suvaldny” comes from German word Zuhaltung, which translates to blocking or locking. And the code element itself in German sounds like Zuhalt. In our country, this word has been somewhat transformed and turned into the word “tsugal”, which is now extremely rare.

There are quite a large number of types of levers. They may differ from each other in shape, material used, method of movement, thickness, dimensions, method of anti-corrosion treatment, etc. But all levers now and previously have a very similar structure, and also have the same functions.

Roughly speaking, a lever is a metal plate of a certain shape with some holes.
Let's pay attention to the code labyrinth of the lever.

It is here that the bolt shank strut walks and dances as it moves. We will see this with you later.
The code labyrinth is formed by code protrusions.

The post of the bolt shank rests against them when they try to open the lock with the wrong key, when they hammer in the bolt from the end. It is against the code protrusions of the lever that the post of the bolt shank rubs when they try to open the lock with master keys.

The distance between the code protrusions is called the code groove. It can also be called a “pass-through groove”.

The code groove is the distance or gap between the edges of the tops of the code lugs. It is through the code groove that the post passes, and with it the bolt, when the lock is opened or closed with the correct key.

The more accurate the lock, the smaller the code groove of this lock, the more difficult it is to open intelligently. In a high-quality lever lock, the code groove is 0.4 - 0.6 millimeters larger than the thickness of the bolt shank post.

The code groove is extremely rarely made with a smaller gap relative to the stand. Because after some time, the key with which you open or close the lock will wear out a little. If the gap between the stand and the code protrusions is very tiny, then the original keys will stop working in the lock very, very soon, say, after 5,000 opening and closing cycles. But for the average family this is very, very little. In other words, the size of the gap determines not only the secrecy of the lever lock, but also, to some extent, the service life.

Our company’s specialists quite often have to go to emergency openings of safes when all the keys are lost. And quite often you come across Soviet-era safes with old ugly lever locks.

These are one and a half meter supposedly fireproof cabinets that weigh three hundred kilograms. Level locks on these safes worked for 50-60 years (safes began to be produced in the post-war period). And they will work some more huge amount years.

Why?
Just because the code groove is several millimeters larger in comparison with the thickness of the rack.

Yes, such a lock can last 200 years. But what is its disadvantage? The fact is that without damage, with very little experience and some tools, it can be opened in seconds in the literal sense of the word. That is, due to the huge gap, the lock has very low protection against even the simplest intelligent types of opening.
To be fair, it should be noted that such ugly locks are no longer produced today.

But let's return to our levers.

As you can see, the code protrusions can contain so-called “anti-pick grooves”. They represent some kind of recess or depression.

The counter-pick groove is present on the bolt shank post.

They work or catch each other in the following way.

As mentioned earlier, if you try to press the bolt into the lock body, it will rest just against the code protrusions through the post. That is, friction forces will arise between the bolt shank stand and the code protrusions of the levers. When performing an intelligent opening, the task is to align the lever so that the passage groove stands exactly opposite the rack, that is, so that the code protrusions stop blocking the bolt. And for this we should raise the lever.
But when lifting the lever, at some point it will happen when the groove of the bolt shank post falls into the anti-master key groove of the code protrusion and further movement the lever will thereby be blocked.

This is a fairly elegant and low-cost solution.

Today, anti-pick grooves of this type are found on most lever locks of domestic and foreign production.

According to the method of movement, there are two types of levers, the so-called swinging type...

...and translational plane-parallel type.

In our case, the levers are of the second type. Under the action of the key, it moves along the housing racks within the groove holes.

In most cases, levers are loaded with spring force. The spring is needed to return the lever to its original position, resetting the typed code.

In most modern locks, each lever has its own separate spring. Sometimes a wire spring is used, as in our case. That is, the spring is a hardened steel wire bent into a certain shape. Some locks use coil springs that are inserted into a separate unit.

A small percentage of locks used and still use so-called “band” springs, which simultaneously load all existing levers.
From the point of view of operation, the shape of the lever does not matter much, as long as it is correctly designed from a mechanical point of view and suitable materials are used in its manufacture.

And the variety of shapes of lever springs is more likely related to the production characteristics of a particular manufacturer and the design features of a particular model.

Well, let’s consider, perhaps, the last important location of the code element - the key window and the working edge.
Each of you probably already understood that the movement of the lever is carried out by a key. So, the place where the key touches when turning on the lever is called the “working edge”.

And that space, near the lever, where the key turns, is called the “key window”.

There is nothing interesting in the working edge of the lever. Its shape depends on the design features of a particular model.

But the key window comes in two types: open and closed.

On the levers of the lock, which we are now examining, there is an open key window.
And here in this image:

key window is closed. And in this case, pay attention that the key works with both bits when turning.

Well, that's all. The most complex element of the level lock is considered.

Just a little bit left and we'll start assembling it!

Level lock key

The last component of the lever lock that we need to consider is, of course, the key.

The lever lock has a characteristic key. Some call it a “safe”, some call it a “butterfly”. Neither one nor the other is correct, but to hell with it.

The key of a lever lock is in most cases made of brass, much less often of steel or aluminum alloys.

The key of a lever lock, like any other, has a head, or head, which we hold when we open the lock with it. Often the name of the castle or manufacturer is located here, sometimes the logo is also located.

In some cases, the head shape is patented and used by some manufacturer under a patent. This means that other lock manufacturers do not have the right to use keys with the same head shape for their locks.

The lever wrench has a fairly long shaft.

It is needed not only to deliver the working part to the lock body (after all, the levers are in the body, and the body itself is hidden in the door - you need to somehow reach the code mechanism...), but also in order to position the key in the keyhole . The height of the key secret is measured and designed in the lever lock precisely from the center of the rod, which in turn is positioned along the keyhole.

The most important part of the lever wrench, its working part, is the bits.

There are single-bit and double-bit keys.
The bit of the lever key contains the drive tooth, or the place by which the bolt moves. In our example, the drive tooth is contained in the middle of the key bit. And of course, the drive tooth is contained on both bits - the bolt must be moved with each half-turn.

In addition to the drive tooth, the key bit contains secretion heights. Each height of the secret interacts in the lock with one specific lever, raising it to the required height at each half-turn.

The lock we are considering has 8 code elements and eight levers. They are located on opposite sides of the bolt shank. Therefore, our lever key bit has the following structure relative to the mechanism.

The second beard is similar in structure to the first beard, the only difference being that the height of the secretions is slightly different.

The height of the secret, as you already understood, determines how high the lever rises when you turn the key. And whether the bolt will move depends on the correspondence of the height of the secret on the key to the specific passage groove in the code labyrinth of the lever.

Regarding the heights of the key secret, about the correspondence of the code protrusions of the lever, we will most likely talk in subsequent materials, where we will talk about how the number of code combinations for a particular lock model is set and what it all depends on.

This material is already overloaded with information, so let’s not insert formulas into it.

On one of the key bits there is a guide protrusion or simply a guide. There is a corresponding cut under it in the keyhole of the castle.

The guide is designed to correctly orient the key inside the lever lock body. The guide helps us insert the key into the lock with the correct side, and also prevents it from jumping out when inserted.
When we insert the lever wrench into the well, we insert it all the way - it is the guide that rests against the body.

The guide may look not only like a protrusion, but also like a recess or groove in the bit of a lever wrench.

Assembling a level lock

Now let's stuff everything we discussed above into the case and try to assemble something similar to a lever lock.

In our case, the code mechanism of the lever lock contains eight levers. Four are located on one side of the bolt shank, four on the other.

Sometimes the security mechanism of a lever lock is called a “lever package”. Well, because the levers are laid out each strictly in a certain sequence relative to the given code on the key.

In order to reduce friction forces, in order to make the operation of the lever lock more comfortable and the mechanism more durable, the levers in the package are usually separated in some way. In our case, the levers are separated from each other by washers and metal spacers.
Some locks have plastic gaskets.
Well, in most castles the levers are separated from each other by bulges, bulges on the surface of the lever itself.

In the lock we are considering, the lever package is separated by the bolt shank.

They also say that the lever lock package is 4+4. This means that four levers in the mechanism are located before the bolt shank, and four - after.

Operation of the lever lock

Well, comrades, now the time has come to see with your own eyes the work of the lever lock.
Now, after everything that has been said above, you will have practically no questions left about what moves there and how it moves when you turn the key.
But nevertheless, we will give some explanations.

So, the key is inserted into the body of the lever lock until it stops.

Now, under each key height there is a lever with which it (the height) will interact.

When turning the key, we overcome the force of the springs of the working elements and raise the levers until the passage groove on all of them is positioned exactly opposite the bolt shank post.

Now nothing is blocking the bolt.

But what will motivate him?
That's right, the drive tooth of the key. We continue to turn the key in the direction of opening the lock and it begins to move the bolt in the direction of opening with its drive tooth.

At the end of the movement of the rack along the code groove, the drive tooth of the key comes out of engagement with the toothed comb of the bolt and stops lifting the levers. Rather, on the contrary, the levers, under the load of their springs, tend to return to their original position and put pressure on the key at the end of each half-turn.

The second half-turn is identical to the first with the only difference being that other key cutting heights correspond to other code protrusions and code grooves.

That's the whole principle of operation of a lever lock!

Now let's imagine that they are trying to open our lock with the wrong key, the cutting of which is not correct.

The beginning of the work in this case is exactly the same: when turning the key, we overcome the force of the springs and raise the levers upward until the drive tooth touches the toothed comb of the bolt and begins to move the bolt. The cutting of the key does not correspond to the lock code; the shank of the bolt rests against the code lugs. The lever lock and door remain closed.

We hope that readers have learned a lot useful information about the suvaldnykh from this opus.
Your comments and related questions are accepted in the comments below.

Entrance doors with locks are selected taking into account the required level of security of the facility, since there is not always a need for multi-stage protection. Only those locking mechanisms that are characterized by high build quality should be considered. The slightest installation errors can lead to a reduction in its service life and breakdown. If you are deciding which lock to choose for your front door, you should consider everything existing species designs. This is the only way to determine the most suitable option for operation under given conditions.

Locking mechanisms for entrance doors represent 4 reliability categories. Structures of categories 1 and 2 are relatively easy to install and have a simple structure. They are significantly inferior in reliability to their analogues. Similar designs should be used for installation in interior doors and office partitions.

It is recommended to use category 3 or 4 analogues in your home. They are characterized by a high level of protection. To break these types of structures, an attacker will need 10-30 minutes. This time is enough for representatives of the security service to arrive. When looking for advice on how to choose a lock for the front door in an apartment or private house, you should take into account that there are different designs that differ in the installation method: internal, external.

Mortise

This type of locking mechanism is installed directly into the door leaf. To do this, a groove is made in the canvas. For the mechanism to function properly, it is better to install it inside metal doors. This is the most reliable lock for the front door when compared with its hinged and overhead counterparts. The body is completely hidden in the door leaf. You can install a mortise lock on entrance and interior doors. However, for each case, designs with different levels of reliability are selected.

The advantage of the locking mechanism is its aesthetic appearance. Thanks to the hidden installation, the lock body remains invisible. The ability to install it in a recess allows you to create an additional obstacle in the way of intruders. To open this mechanism, you will have to work from the inside, since it will not be possible to disassemble the body of the locking structure.

The highest degree of lock protection is ensured by installing a reliable door leaf. If an attacker fails to open the mechanism during a break-in, he may damage the sash. For this reason, a mortise lock should only be installed in a durable door leaf.

Mounted

This option is considered the least reliable. The main components of the structure: the lock body and the movable fastening element (shackle). The locking mechanism is hung on the door leaves. Structural elements remain visible. In addition, this lock model is always located outdoors and is exposed to precipitation. You can consider methods of protection: install a visor over the sash, cover the locking mechanism on top with a plastic cover.

If the question of which lock is better is being decided, the padlock option should be considered for installation in facilities where valuables are not stored. For example, similar structures can often be found on the entrance doors to a barn or cellar. To open them, use a crowbar or pry bar. The attacker will not pick up the key, but will rip the lock body from the mounting shackle.

Invoices

This option is not reliable, but such designs are very easy to install. The installation method is overhead, the lock body is located on the side of the room. This means that the locking mechanism does not cut into the sash, but is mounted on its surface. Self-tapping screws are used for this. Fastening elements may be visible from the outside of the canvas, which makes it easier for attackers to break into an apartment/house.

Overhead door locks have a good feature - the integrity of the door leaf is not compromised during installation. As a result, installation is greatly simplified. Overhead structures are not recommended for installation on entrance doors. It is advisable to purchase them for objects where valuables are not stored.

Classification by type of locking mechanism

Padlocks are simpler. Mortise and overhead options are characterized by different operating principles. Their mechanism is much more complex. When choosing a lock design for external doors, several options are considered:

• mechanical;
• electromechanical;
• magnetic.

Each of the options is presented in several versions; they share a similar principle of operation, but there are significant differences in design.

Cylinder

The cylinder of such a lock is made in the form of a cylinder. This ensures the secrecy of the mechanism. The locking part of the structure consists of pins. They are contained in quantities of 5-6 pieces. Among them there is a drilling pin and a locking pin. These are moving elements that change position thanks to return springs located at the bottom. When the key is inserted into the keyhole, each of the moving elements takes its position, which is determined by the perforations on the key.

When the pins return to their original position, the lock cylinder is locked. In this state, it is not possible to open/close the door leaf. If the key is inserted into the hole, mobility returns to the crossbar, which until that moment was blocked. It is difficult to disable such a mechanism; a combination of protective pins is selected. To damage the structure, vandals use foreign objects which are introduced into the well.

Thanks to this device and operating principle, cylinder mechanisms for external doors are considered the most suitable, due to a sufficient level of reliability. This model is also called a pin model; it is similar in design to its lever counterparts. Cylinder locking mechanisms are also common due to their reasonable cost. Their disadvantage is low resistance to intense mechanical stress. To protect against drilling, the manufacturer equips such locking structures with armored linings.

Crossbars

This version of locks for entrance doors combines simplicity and reliability. It is characterized by a simple installation process and low maintenance. The name of the locking mechanism comes from its design. So, the main elements are crossbars - bolts in the form of plates or rods. This design differs from analogues in that the key does not turn when inserted into the lock body. Locking/unlocking is done by installing a key of significant length.

The door opens due to the connection of protruding elements, slots on the key and crossbars. Deadbolt locks are the most reliable locks if their performance characteristics are assessed. This is due to the simplicity of the design and the method of opening. However, they have a drawback - low resistance to hacking. In addition, the keys are inconvenient to carry with you due to their significant length. They may differ in a number of parameters:

• thickness;
• section type: round, rectangular end;
• the slots are located on one/two sides;
• The angle of inclination of the protruding elements is different.

Level

Main components: lock cylinder, levers, bolt. The intended purpose of the levers is to block the bolt. This type of door lock is considered the most reliable compared to analogues. Due to its complex design, the locking mechanism is more difficult to crack. However, you can use a master key. To reduce the risk of burglary, the manufacturer has complicated the design of such locks by taking the following measures:

1. adding false grooves on levers;
2. installing a safety valve in the keyhole to remove the obstacle, the key must be partially turned;
3. the design is equipped with false levers;
4. The return springs of the locking elements must have different forces.

The reliability of the mechanism increases with the number of levers. The advantage of this design is high mechanical wear resistance. This means that the lock will last a long time. In most cases, such a mechanism breaks down after a long period of problematic use. Due to their reliability, lever structures are used in banks and commercial organizations.

There are also disadvantages to such mechanisms. Thus, the large dimensions of the castle body are noted. This is due to the fact that the design includes a large number of levers. The key sizes are also large. For this reason, it is inconvenient to carry in your pocket. In addition, due to the large number of slots, the key may damage clothing or the lining of the bag. It is recommended to carry it in a case.

Code

Entrance door opens without a key. This is the main and only advantage of such mechanisms. The disadvantages include the gradual wear and tear of the operating buttons, which simplifies the hacking task. In addition, the combination can be forgotten. If a combination lock is installed in a private house, and the door opens/closes every day, the probability of this tends to zero. However, in the case when a mechanism of this type is used at a dacha, where the owner comes infrequently, it is not always possible to remember the combination the first time.

Electromechanical

The design of door locks of this type is in many ways similar to the analogues considered. However, the design includes one more unit - an electric drive, which is responsible for the mobility of the locking element. There are two types of such structures:

• solenoid;
• motor.

The first option contains an electromagnet with a crossbar connected to its core. The assembly is driven by the electromagnetic field generated when voltage is applied to the coil. To move the bolt from its place, the starting current must be equal to 2-3 A. If you are considering the motor design of the lock, you should know that it contains a compact DC motor. To return the bolt to its original position, a control signal is sent. Thanks to this feature, it is difficult to open structures of this type.

Electromechanical locks are more expensive than their analogues, which is why they are rarely used. In addition, such locking mechanisms do not immediately open the door leaf. It will take some time for the electrical impulse to pass through. Locks of this type are opened using auxiliary elements. Used:

1. magnetic key;
2. keychain;
3. plastic key card;
4. code remotes.

Electromagnetic structures are often opened using simple keys. In this case, the lock body contains a lever or cylinder cylinder. Such mechanisms can also be overhead and mortise. The locks are opened with a key in situations where the power supply is turned off.

Electronic

This group includes electromechanical and electromagnetic locking mechanisms. If you are wondering how such a lock works, you should know that the main element is an electric drive. The reader plays an important role. It is responsible for opening the sash. To do this, you will need a key, which can be in the form of a card, coded remote control, key fob, biometric scanner, or remote control. To ensure that the lock works continuously, the design is equipped with a battery. The control controller processes the information received from the key.

Combined

This is the most reliable type of locking mechanism.

In terms of the level of safety provided, it surpasses even the considered lever designs.

Combination locks are dual systems. They are equipped with two larvae, and use the same or different types of locking mechanisms. These can be cylinder and lever locks, 2 cylinder or 2 lever locks.

The following types of similar structures are distinguished:

• the lock cylinders are not interconnected and function separately;
• the locking mechanisms are interconnected with each other.

The second option is characterized by increased reliability, since the larvae open sequentially. If one lock is not opened, the bolt of the second mechanism will not move either. This means that only by installing the levers of one cylinder in a certain position will it be possible to unlock the second locking structure. In fully combined locks there is only one keyhole. Accordingly, to open them, you do not have to use 2 keys in succession.

In the locked position, one lock is secured with a metal plate. As a result, you will not be able to use the master key. This feature ensures the highest reliability of the design. Combined designs contain main and auxiliary locks. The first of them is equipped with a crossbar and connected to the door handle.

Such locks can have not only horizontal, but also vertical (safe) pins. Combined locking mechanisms are subject to recoding. In this case, a replaceable cylinder is provided. As a result, you can change the key, but not the body of the locking mechanism.

Magnetic

The following design options are used as a door lock:

1. shear type;
2. working on a break.

The operating principle is based on an electromagnetic field. To ensure that the sash is securely fixed to the frame, a metal plate is installed. It must be characterized by magnetic properties. To open the door you will need special key and a reading device. Such locks are installed in entrances, at the entrance to the security console, bank premises and offices. Magnetic locking mechanisms serve for a long time and do not demagnetize during operation.

How to install a mechanism in a door

Prepare a drill, drill bits, pencil, screwdriver. Mark the structure. If you choose a mortise lock, you need to prepare a groove. If the door is made of metal, a hole is cut in the side shelf for the crossbars and safety bolt. The canvas is drilled to install the handle. A groove is also prepared in the frame. The lock body is installed using fasteners. When the locking mechanism is secured in the groove of the blade, it needs to be adjusted. At the same time, the sash closes, and the key is used to check the operation of the lock. When necessary, adjust the position of the larva and tighten the fasteners.

Repair

If the locking mechanism does not close well, or the key periodically jams, you need to find out the reason. This may be a consequence of improper use of the door: too much forced pressure due to the seal, regular impacts on the frame. If these causes are eliminated, the operation of the mechanism will be normalized. It is not recommended to disassemble locking structures. This can lead to permanent breakdown and loss of security of the lock. If there are no external factors that have a negative impact on the operation of the locking structure, it is replaced.

With the construction of housing and the emergence of stratification in society based on property, the need arose to lock houses and protect their private property. There are practically no places left on the globe where people do not use it. Over the course of a long time, the door frame locking devices have been modified. Manufacturers sought to make the lock more reliable, improving its quality. However, the function of the door lock remained the same - it is to lock doors and preserve property. Door locks are also installed on interior doors.

The main function of a door lock is to lock doors and protect your home.

Types of door locks

All locking devices include:

• fixing device;
• a special locking box made of metal;
• valve;
• key for moving the bolt.

Its purpose depends on the design of the door lock. The method of attaching locking mechanisms to the door device divides them into:

• mortise, they are installed inside;
• invoices are fixed on the inside of the doors.

It is necessary to remember that door locks and mortise locks are made for “left” and “right” doors; it is not recommended to turn them over when installing them. This may contribute to their abnormal functioning.

Mortise lock device.

There are universal door locks in which it is possible to switch from the left to the right door, and vice versa. This can be done by rearranging the deadbolt or latch. This operation is carried out without disassembling the entire lock.

An interesting type of overhead door lock is the beam lock. It has two bolts. They move horizontally across the entire width of the door. This lock also protects the door from the side where the hinges are located.

The mortise type of door locks are more difficult to install, hence there is a high probability of a not particularly high-quality installation. The place of the door leaf where they are inserted is thoroughly weakened. And its closer location to the outer surface makes the doors more accessible to a burglar. We must pay tribute to mortise locks, which are less visible and more convenient to use.

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Overhead door locks do not have the same disadvantages as mortise door locks. They are easier to install; they do not reduce the strength at the installation sites. Overhead locks work great on doors that open inward. This type of door lock perfectly protects against attacks from the outside, but it is not a hindrance to a burglar inside the room. The disadvantage of rim locks is the change appearance doors for the worse.

Door lock diagram.

Nowadays they make door locks with multiple deadbolts. They are called multi-point locks. A reliable locking system is one whose bolts (crossbars) are distributed along the longest possible length of the door end.

The most well-known door lock mechanism is the mortise lock. It includes:

• frame;
• front plank part;
• drive lever;
• main action deadbolt;
• bolt with a special latch.

Regardless of what kind of fastening to the doors, the adaptation of the current locking mechanisms contains two components:

• secret, with its help the key to the lock is recognized;
• the actuator performs the locking.

Types of secrets

Mechanical secretions are manufactured in various versions:

1. In the shape of a cylinder. The basis is a special part - a cylinder. In the middle there are pins - elements that prevent the lock from being picked. This type of castle is called an English castle. It is the most common.
2. Coded. It opens when you enter the key by typing the required numbers.
3. Suvaldny. Finding several teeth on the key that determine the number of levers.
4. Electronic. It is created on a drive built inside.

Types of actuators

Cylinder type lock: 1 - cylinder mechanism body, 2 - cylinder (core) with a code mechanism, 3 - key hole, 4 - code pins (pins), 5 - locking pins (pins), 6 - leash/cam, 7 - mounting hole, 8 - spring, 9 - key, 10 - separation line between the body and the cylinder.

There are several systems that are used as an actuator. This:

• mechanical, when the closure is performed with a metal rod that fits into a special groove;
• electromechanical, there is a deadbolt with an electric drive;
• electromagnetic, the locking mechanism is a magnet.

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The reliability of the locking system of a lever door lock depends on the number of plates. A larger number of them contributes to more reliable protection of the premises.

This type of lock system consists of the following elements:

• the bolt is the transverse mechanism of the bolt;
• lever - a metal plate;
• specially designed hole for a key.

This system operates on the principle that all plates occupy the established positions; only in this case can the key be turned. The plates are placed under the influence of the teeth of the key in clearly designated positions. This allows the key and door lock mechanism to be turned. But if at least one of the plates is not in its intended groove, then the entire device will not work. That is, the key is the lock code.

Such door locks are quite difficult to open using force. Level door locks have a long service life and a high degree of reliability. The advantages include their high secrecy and simplicity of design. If all assembly rules and safety standards are observed, such a lock is difficult to crack.

Structure of a cylinder lock system

Level lock diagram.

The cylinder locking mechanism can be applied or mortise. It has a secret device in the middle. These door locks are manufactured:

• one-sided, they can be opened with a key on only one side;
• double-sided, these locks have two cylinders and inside won't open without a key.

In order to close a home with such a lock, it is necessary to perform certain actions: a key is inserted into a hole that has a limited protrusion. This hole is in a cylinder, part of which always turns, but will only do so when the proper key is inserted. The rest of the device will remain motionless - this is the body. The executive device is the pins. They serve to lift the key. Their position will determine whether the constipation is open or closed.

The door lock will open only when all coded elements are completely aligned.

Interior door locking system

Scheme of the lock design of an interior door with dimensions.