Why frequent stomatitis appears - reasons. How to treat stomatitis in the mouth? Stomatitis in adults and children: treatment, drugs Stomatitis in the mouth causes

In today's article we will talk about such a disease as - Stomatitis.

Stomatitis ( lat. Stomatitis ) - the most common lesion of the oral mucosa. Stomatitis affects approximately 20% of the world's population, of which almost every second pregnant woman.

The name of the disease comes from ancient Greek. "στόμα" - mouth.

ICD-10: K12.
ICD-9: 528.0
MeSH: D013280

As a rule, stomatitis manifests itself in the form of ulcers and lasts from 4 to 14 days. Healing usually proceeds smoothly and leaves no traces. If you have had stomatitis once, the likelihood of recurrence of the disease is very high, although the frequency of these recurrences is extremely variable. If the disease recurs three to four times a year, this frequency can be called typical. In some people, the ulcers do not have time to heal before new ones appear, which provokes stomatitis, like a chronic disease.

Many people ask the question Is stomatitis contagious? Answer - Yes, there are some types of stomatitis that are contagious, for example, herpes stomatitis, candidal (fungal) stomatitis.

The mechanism of stomatitis has not yet been fully identified, but most likely it is due to the reaction of the immune system to irritants. It is believed that stomatitis occurs in cases where, for reasons that are not yet clear, immune system a person reacts to the appearance of molecules that it cannot recognize. The appearance of such molecules provokes an attack by the lymphocytes of the immune system (a type of white blood cell), in much the same way that the human immune system reacts, for example, to an organ transplant. The “attack” of lymphocytes on these unidentified molecules leads to the appearance of ulcerative formations in the mouth, which are called “stomatitis”.

The cause of stomatitis is mainly considered to be local factors: failure to comply with oral eubacteriosis. , such as, as well as helminthic infestation, can cause catarrhal stomatitis.

Stomatitis itself is not contagious. With herpes, stomatitis can occur as a consequence, but this is already one of the options for a person’s reaction to the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

At least several factors have been identified that cause this disease. Any of them, or several at once, can lead to the formation of stomatitis of varying severity:

Toothpastes and mouth cleaners containing sodium lauryl sulfate. Research suggests that using products containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, a substance commonly found in toothpastes and foaming cleaners) may make canker sore outbreaks more common. This may be due to the dehydrating effect that SLS has on the oral mucosa. This makes it vulnerable to various irritants, such as food acids. According to some studies, patients who used toothpastes without SLS claimed that they suffered from stomatitis less often. In one study, this reduction reached 81%. According to the same study, patients reported that even if stomatitis developed, the ulcers were less painful if they used toothpastes that did not contain SLS during this period.

Mechanical injury. Many patients recall that stomatitis resulted from some kind of damage - either they bit the soft tissues of the mouth, or they were scratched by a sharp fragment of a tooth, the uneven edge of a crown, denture, or the oral mucosa was damaged by some hard food, for example, chips or crackers. Typically, such an injury goes away without a trace after a couple of days, but if complications occur, it can lead to long-term anxiety.

Emotional stress/Mental stress. People with stomatitis often report that the formation of ulcers coincides with periods of emotional or mental illness.

Nutritional deficiencies. Researchers found that in some patients with stomatitis, their usual diet was not well-balanced. In particular, stomatitis can occur due to:

Allergies and hypersensitivity. can also cause stomatitis. In these cases, any of these substances, in contact with oral tissue, can cause an outbreak of the disease. If the patient suspects he has an allergy, he may be advised to keep a food diary to identify which substances are most likely to cause stomatitis. In some cases, it may be helpful to consider medical testing for allergies. Some of the following substances are thought to be more likely than others to cause stomatitis in some patients:

— grain products: buckwheat, wheat, oatmeal, rye, barley, gluten protein contained in grain products;

Aphthous stomatitis has the following symptoms: the appearance on the oral mucosa of single or multiple aphthae - small ulcers (3-5 mm) of gray-white color with a narrow red rim; feeling unwell; increased temperature and pain of ulcerative lesions. The disease may have acute form or occur chronically with periods of exacerbation and remission, the so-called chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

• Herpetic or herpes stomatitis. The causative agent is the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

Infection occurs from a sick person or a carrier of the virus by contact (through toys, pacifiers, dishes) or by airborne droplets. The disease begins quite quickly: the baby becomes weak, irritable, his temperature rises, his appetite disappears, noticeably. At the peak of the temperature, redness and swelling of the oral mucosa intensifies. Bubbles appear, which open very quickly, and in their place superficial erosions form, salivation increases, sponges become dry, cracked, and covered with crusts.

• Candidal or fungal stomatitis is a fungal disease that most often appears in young children (stomatitis in children) and the elderly. Children are mainly susceptible to this type of stomatitis due to the fact that their saliva does not contain enough acidic substances necessary to fight bacteria. Candidal stomatitis is also called thrush.

This type of stomatitis is caused by a fungus (usually the genus Candida) and develops most often with a decrease in the body’s immune forces, as a result of long-term treatment with strong antibacterial drugs, as well as against the background of another chronic disease.

Candidal stomatitis has the following symptoms: a burning sensation in the mouth and larynx, a white coating on the tongue and mouth, hyperemia and bleeding of the mucous membrane, an unpleasant taste in the mouth or loss of taste. This type of stomatitis is considered contagious and can be transmitted both through household and sexual contact.

• Allergic stomatitis. This type of stomatitis is not a separate disease, but belongs to the general allergic reaction to one of the many allergens, and is treated together with the underlying disease.

It manifests itself as redness, white spots on the mucous membrane, blisters or pinpoint hemorrhages.

• Traumatic (Bacterial) stomatitis. Occurs when an infection enters the injured mucosa. The main causes of injury to the oral mucosa are the consumption of solid foods (crackers, chips, etc.)

• Catarrhal And catarrhal-hemorrhagic stomatitis. These conditions are the mildest form of allergy. Children complain of itching, burning, impaired taste sensitivity, dryness and pain when eating.

In 1/3 of patients, the lesions are isolated, but in most children, as a rule, changes in the oral mucosa are combined with damage to other organs. When examining the oral cavity, diffuse swelling of the mucous membrane is noted, as indicated by tooth marks on the lateral surfaces of the tongue and cheeks. On the tongue, deep desquamation of filiform papillae occurs - “lacquered tongue”. Along with hyperemia, pinpoint hemorrhages are observed on the oral mucosa; mechanical irritation of the oral mucosa is accompanied by bleeding. General condition not broken.

• Ulcerative stomatitis. This disease is accompanied by high pain, aggravated by eating and talking. Most often, ulcerative stomatitis develops in people suffering from peptic ulcer stomach or chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system and blood, as well as infectious diseases and poisoning.

Against the background of hyperemic and edematous mucous membrane of the mouth, blisters with transparent contents appear in the area of ​​the palate, gums, lips, and tongue, after opening of which, erosions are formed, covered with fibrinous plaque. Single erosions can merge to form extensive erosion surfaces. The gingival papillae are hyperemic, swollen, and bleed easily. Hyposalivation, discomfort in the pharynx, and soreness appear.

The child's condition may worsen: pain appears, appetite decreases, body temperature rises to 38°C. Submandibular lymph nodes may be enlarged and painful on palpation. The severity of the disease depends on the prevalence of pathological changes in the oral mucosa and the presence of foci of chronic infection.

• Vesicular stomatitis (stomatitis vesiculosa contagiosa). This stomatitis is observed in animals. It represents an acute infectious disease, predominantly ungulates, characterized by vesicular lesions of the oral mucosa, skin of the lips, nasal planum, udder, corolla and interhoof cleft.

Diagnosis of stomatitis

To identify stomatitis, the doctor usually first examines the patient's medical record and then proceeds to visual inspection oral cavity. There are no specific medical tests (such as biopsy or culture) to detect stomatitis. Main sign stomatitis - the appearance of the ulcers, their location and the fact that stomatitis is a recurring disease. In addition, with stomatitis, the tissue immediately surrounding the ulcer has a normal, healthy appearance, and the patient himself does not experience any significant systemic symptoms (for example, no high temperature or feeling unwell), with the exception of, of course, severe forms of stomatitis, such as ulcerative or aphthous, which are accompanied by painful sensations.

Treatment of stomatitis involves two directions of strategy: strengthening the immune system (strengthening the body's defenses), as well as local effects on the affected area.

To relieve inflammation and stimulate the restoration of mucous membranes, you can use cotton swabs or disks moistened with the prescribed medicinal composition. Local irrigation and mouth rinses are also suitable.

In the process of treating stomatitis, the task is also to relieve unpleasant pain. To do this, the damaged area is rinsed or irrigated with a liquid antiseptic. The prepared composition can be universal and perform disinfection (antiviral treatment) of the oral cavity. Among the available and effective remedies, we can recommend a weak pink solution of potassium manganese, Rivanol, and Furacilin. Simple hydrogen peroxide also disinfects well.

Important! When treating stomatitis, try to avoid contact with medicines inside the body.

How to treat stomatitis in adults?

If a doctor confirms the disease, the damaged area of ​​the mouth must be treated every 3 hours. This is especially true for the first time of development of the disease. Timely initiation of treatment procedures will reduce the affected area and speed up recovery time, as well as prevent the transition of stomatitis from a mild to a more severe form. After rinsing or applying cotton swabs, you can supplement the course with antiviral ointments. The following are good for this: “”, “Florenal ointment” (0.5%) or “Tebrofen ointment”.

During the day it is worth monitoring your oral hygiene, i.e. Monitor the condition of your teeth and promptly remove food debris, which can affect the growth of bacteria. For these purposes, rosehip oil, peach oil, sea buckthorn oil, and also can be effective auxiliary agents. These natural remedies are also applied topically, using cotton swabs and pads.

Well complement the treatment and speed up recovery from stomatitis with agents that strengthen the body's defenses (the human immune system). Developed immunity helps reduce the risk of recurrence of lesions in the oral mucosa, and also stimulates the healing of the skin. In order to restore the strengthening of the immune system, stress factors are limited, intensive immunization courses are prescribed, and general strengthening procedures are prescribed. A number of immune-strengthening agents are very effective and accessible: echinacea tincture, brewer's yeast, and others.

How to cure stomatitis in children?

The treatment strategy for a child with stomatitis remains unchanged and is similar to treatment as in adults.

Additionally, you can add treatment of the child’s oral cavity with a 2-5% solution. To do this, stir a dessert spoon of soda in a glass of lukewarm water. Such rinses create an alkaline environment in the oral cavity. However, you should not get too carried away with this composition (more than a few days), since soda helps to loosen the structures of the mucous membrane, which makes the integument vulnerable to infection. If the patient is very small, it is necessary to treat the mother’s nipples, as well as all the baby’s pacifiers, with a soda solution.

An important element in the treatment of stomatitis is a rational, balanced diet. If you have stomatitis, you should not get carried away with sweets, which contribute to the formation of a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms. It is recommended to saturate your diet with fresh fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, for example - oranges, bananas, kiwis, apples. The following foods are also useful: nuts (especially pine nuts), rice, beef liver,. Dairy products are also useful: kefir, fermented baked milk. It is worth following, which is an effective measure of prevention and rapid recovery.

In any case, it is worth limiting the circle of contacts of a person who has infectious stomatitis due to the possibility of infecting others. An effective protective measure is to wear a gauze bandage, which is recommended to be changed frequently for a fresh one.

Medicines against stomatitis

Important! Before using any drug, be sure to consult with your doctor and carefully read the leaflet that comes with it, which includes indications, instructions for use, and safety precautions to make sure that this drug is right for you and you can use it.

Anesthetic drugs. Ulcers with stomatitis can be very painful - to the point that they can interfere with the patient’s normal functioning. Some ready-made preparations contain anesthetic (pain-reducing) substances, for example: Benzocaine, Lidocaine, Trimecaine, colanchoe juice. These foods can desensitize sores so that the sores don't interfere with things like eating or talking. Some manufacturers include these anesthetic substances in pastes that cover the ulcers with a protective film.

Antibacterial drugs. Some ready-made preparations for the treatment of stomatitis contain ingredients that have an antibacterial effect (“Metrogil-denta”, “Sodium tetraborate”). These products may help prevent bacteria from re-infecting your sores. Some studies suggest that antibacterial mouth cleaners can speed up the healing of canker sores and significantly reduce their soreness. For example, rinses containing chlorhexidine digluconate, an antibacterial drug that studies have shown accelerates the healing of ulcers.

You should rinse three times a day, spitting out the solution after rinsing. Please be aware that using this drug may cause stains on teeth and white fillings, which will gradually disappear when you stop using the drug.

Preparations that cleanse ulcers. Bacterial plaque that gets on the surface of the ulcer can slow down its healing. Some finished products have properties that remove these particles. These products usually contain carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide.

Antiviral drugs. If aphthous stomatitis is caused by a virus, then antiviral agents will help cope with it, for example: “”, “Florenal ointment” (0.5%), “Tebrofen ointment”, “Interferon ointment”, “Bonaphtone ointment”. Check with your doctor before using these medications.

Products that form a protective film on ulcers and accelerate healing. Some companies have developed pastes that, when applied to ulcers, can form a protective film on the surface. This film protects the ulcer from exposure to irritants found in some foods and drinks. In addition, these drugs contain components that accelerate the healing of the mucous membrane

Drugs that accelerate the restoration of damaged epithelium (keratoplasty):“Carotolin”, “Solcoseryl”, sea buckthorn oil, propolis ointment, rosehip oil, vinylin.

Means that strengthen local and general immunity. There are drugs that can activate the body's own defense mechanisms and make them work in the right direction. The drug “Immudon” activates protective factors in the oral cavity. Multivitamins containing vitamin C and B vitamins will have a general strengthening and stimulating effect on the general immune system.

Folk remedies for treating stomatitis

If you have stomatitis, you need to regularly rinse your mouth, which will reduce pain, reduce inflammation and stimulate recovery processes. It is important to exclude or at least limit the consumption of salty, sour, spicy and smoked foods, which irritate the mucous membranes.

For stomatitis at home, use the following remedies:

— Rinse with baking soda. 1 hour spoon per glass of water, at a time. You need to rinse your mouth often - maybe even a couple of times an hour.

— Rinse with hydrogen peroxide. 1 teaspoon of peroxide is enough for 0.5 cups of warm water. You need to be careful and not swallow the solution. For this reason, peroxide should be carefully given to young children as a rinse.

— Boric Vaseline. When stomatitis occurs in children, it is necessary to treat the oral cavity with boric petroleum jelly. The temperature drops quickly and the ulcers heal.

— Alum. Buy alum at the pharmacy and rinse it several times a day. After a week, all the ulcers had healed. To prepare the medicine, you need to take a piece of alum and dilute it in boiled water. so that it tastes something viscous and sour. If a child has stomatitis, you need to wrap your finger in a bandage, moisten it in the solution and treat the baby’s mouth.

— Onion broth. Treatment for both children and adults. Finely chop a medium-sized onion and add 30-50 ml of water. Bring to a boil and cool. Adults should keep this decoction in their mouth. To cure stomatitis in a child, you need to wash your hands with soap, wrap your finger in a bandage, dip it in the broth and lubricate the mouth.

— Viburnum with honey. Prepare viburnum puree with honey for consumption. The children should like it, and the stomatitis should go away in a couple of days.

— Bloodroot. Pour 1 teaspoon of crushed cinquefoil rhizome with 1 glass of water, leave for 5 hours, boil. Rinse your mouth.

— Tea rose liqueur. Rose petals are good for treating oral diseases (stomatitis, ulcers, cracks). To prepare this folk remedy for stomatitis, you need to collect tea rose petals (60-80 roses), put them in an enamel bowl, pour 2 liters of boiling water, and leave to steep for a day. Then strain, add 2 kg of sugar, 500 ml of good vodka, 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. The color should be like tea. Collect petals when the rose just begins to fall off. How to treat: in the evening before going to bed, take a sip of liqueur into your mouth, rinse in your mouth for about a minute and swallow. Most often everything goes away in the morning. For some people this remedy helps the first time, for others it takes 3-4 times, but it always helps.

— Green tea. Place a dry green tea leaf on the sore and wait until it gets wet. Repeat the procedure several times a day.

— St. John's wort tincture. Prepare a tincture of St. John's wort with 40% alcohol or vodka in a ratio of 1:5. Use as an astringent and anti-inflammatory agent for rinsing the gums and mouth: 30-40 drops per 0.5 cup of water. Take 40-50 drops orally.

— Feverweed. Pour 1 tablespoon of eryngium flatifolia herb with 1 glass of water, boil for 15 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain. Rinse your mouth.

— Chamomile. Pour 15-20 g of flowers with 1 glass of water, leave, it is recommended to add 4 g to the infusion boric acid. Use as an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic for rinsing the mouth.

— Burdock root. Very effective means is burdock root. For the decoction you need to take two parts of burdock root and one part of chicory herb. To begin, take two tablespoons of crushed burdock roots and pour 400 grams of boiling water. Then you need to boil it over low heat for forty minutes and add one tablespoon of chicory. After this, the broth should sit for an hour, and then you can filter. The prepared infusion is used for gargling and gargling, several times a day after meals.

— Burdock seeds. To do this, the seeds are crushed in any convenient way and a small pinch of salt is added to the resulting juice. Place on the fire and evaporate slightly, then add some of the lard or cow's butter. It turns out to be a kind of ointment that needs to be lubricated on the gums. After using this medicine, recovery occurs in a matter of days.

— Blueberry. Blueberries are an excellent remedy against stomatitis. This folk remedy can be used to treat stomatitis in children. Because it tastes good, children usually take it readily. Blueberries can be consumed either fresh or in the form of decoction and tea. A decoction of blueberry leaves is used to rinse the mouth 4-5 times a day.

— Ointment. Ingredients: sea buckthorn, linseed oil, rosehip oil,. For one treatment of the oral cavity for stomatitis, you need to mix all the ingredients in equal parts, depending on the size of the areas that will be treated. For example, if there are one or two ulcers in the mouth, one drop of each of the listed ingredients will be enough. Use every time after meals and an hour after rinsing.

Remedies for stomatitis in infants at home

- Lugol's solution. Stomatitis in infants can be treated with Lugol's solution in glycerin (sold at the pharmacy). Apply cotton wool to wounds in the mouth at least three times a day. This folk recipe helps everyone without fail.

- Calendula. For treatment you need to brew 1 tbsp. a spoonful of dried calendula flowers with a glass of boiling water. Leave for 1 hour. Wipe the oral cavity with a cotton swab or cotton pad moistened with this infusion 3 times a day. IN drinking water add to the child carrot juice, the amount of juice depends on age.

- Blue iodine. In pharmacies you can buy a solution of methylene blue, popularly called iodine blue. Dip a cotton swab into this solution and lubricate the wounds - they disappear in literally 1-2 days. Blue iodine does not sting; it is the best and most reliable way to treat stomatitis in infants. But it will also help adults cure stomatitis!

Prevention of stomatitis

Prevention of stomatitis includes the following measures:

- Beware of damage to oral tissues;
- take care of your dental health: damaged teeth and fillings must be corrected;
- carefully, for which use not only dental floss;
- rinse your mouth;
- do not use oral care products that irritate the oral mucosa;
— braces can be coated with dental wax;
- do not eat food that can cause an allergic reaction in you;
- try to eat food enriched with vitamins and minerals;
- avoid stressful situations.

Which doctor should I contact for stomatitis?

Video about stomatitis

Stomatitis can be either an independent disease or a complication or manifestation of others, such as scarlet fever, influenza, measles, etc. Children are most susceptible to the disease.

Diseases of the oral mucosa are quite common, but their correct diagnosis can be difficult. This is due to the fact that various diseases not only of the oral cavity, but also of the entire body, can occur with the same manifestations. Diseases of the oral mucosa are united under the general name - stomatitis. If the mucous membrane of not the entire oral cavity is affected, but only a separate area - the tongue, lip or palate, then they speak of glossitis, cheilitis or palatinitis, respectively.

Causes of stomatitis

The cause of stomatitis can be various factors - those that act directly on the oral mucosa (local effects), as well as diseases of the body - diseases gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, weakening immune defense, allergic reactions, metabolic disorders and many others.

Local is associated with the participation of a direct factor - trauma, chemical, thermal, radiation exposure, as a result of which redness, erosion, and ulcers occur on the mucous membrane.

Stomatitis that occurs as a result of dental problems deserves a separate discussion. In this case, the cause is the patient’s failure to comply with oral hygiene, excessive dental plaque, decayed teeth, and oral cavity. In addition, stomatitis can occur due to violations in the technique of dental procedures. They are caused by microtraumas, the use of dissimilar metals in treatment and prosthetics, and exposure to chemicals.

Signs of stomatitis

According to clinical manifestations, stomatitis is divided into:

• catarrhal;
• ulcerative;
• aphthous.

What is catarrhal stomatitis?

Catarrhal stomatitis is the most common lesion of the oral mucosa. In this case, the oral mucosa becomes swollen, painful, hyperemic, and may be covered with a white or yellow coating. Hypersalivation (increased salivation) is noted. Bleeding gums and bad breath may occur.

What is ulcerative stomatitis?

Ulcerative stomatitis is a more severe disease than catarrhal; it can develop independently or be an advanced form of catarrhal.

Unlike catarrhal stomatitis, which affects only the superficial layer of the mucous membrane, with ulcerative stomatitis the entire thickness of the mucous membrane is affected.

The initial symptoms of catarrhal and ulcerative stomatitis are similar, but subsequently with ulcerative stomatitis there is an increase in temperature to 37.5 C, weakness, enlargement and pain lymph nodes. Eating is accompanied by severe pain. If such symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor.

What is aphthous stomatitis?

Aphthous stomatitis is characterized by the appearance of single or multiple aphthous ulcers on the oral mucosa, in which the ulcers are large and deep. Aphthae are oval or round in shape, with clear boundaries in the form of a narrow red border and a grayish-yellow coating in the center.

The disease begins with general malaise, increased body temperature, and the appearance of pain in the mouth at the site of aphthae formation. Treatment for such an ulcer is usually quite difficult, and after it heals, marks remain. This disease should be treated by a doctor.

With a weakened immune system, infectious stomatitis may occur, which is caused by various microbes that live on the surface of the oral mucosa and remain inactive until the immune system is weakened.

If you have had stomatitis once, the likelihood of recurrence of the disease is very high, although the frequency of these recurrences is extremely variable. If the disease recurs three to four times a year, this frequency can be called typical. In some people, however, stomatitis can become almost chronic - the ulcers do not have time to heal before new ones appear.

As a rule, people first suffer from stomatitis between the ages of 10 and 20, after which, as they grow older, it recurs less often and with less pain.

Stomatitis affects approximately 20% of the population.

There is no evidence that stomatitis is contagious.

Prevention of stomatitis

Since trauma to the tissues of the mouth can cause stomatitis, you should be careful about this type of injury. Broken teeth, rough or broken fillings, teeth with sharp edges - all this should be immediately taken to the dentist. It is also necessary to adjust dentures with sharp or hard edges. If installed, the protruding parts and braces can be covered with dental wax. Brush and floss your teeth gently but thoroughly.

To prevent stomatitis, you should brush your teeth daily. This is especially true for pregnant women and teenage children.

What can a doctor do?

For effective treatment Stomatitis must first establish the cause of its occurrence, which can only be done under the guidance of a doctor.

When examining the oral cavity, he will carefully examine the surface of all teeth, identify the need to replace existing fillings or treat damaged teeth, and adjust dentures.

Only a doctor can treat aphthous stomatitis.

In the case when all measures to treat stomatitis have been taken, but stomatitis still does not go away, you need to look for another cause of stomatitis, most likely this is some kind of general disease of the body, the identification and treatment of which only a doctor can deal with.

What can you do?

It is necessary to regularly consult with your dentist to avoid the occurrence of stomatitis, and if it occurs, follow all recommendations given by the dentist.

During the treatment of stomatitis, it is not recommended to eat spicy, salty or sour foods. The food should be neutral in acidity and not cause additional irritation to the oral mucosa, and it should also contain enough to speed up the healing process.

If you find symptoms of stomatitis in your child, you should urgently seek advice from your doctor.

Stomatitis is a disease of the mucous membrane in the oral cavity that is inflammatory in nature. The disease is a consequence of a defensive reaction to the action of various stimuli. Inflammation of the oral cavity often occurs in children, but nowadays such inflammation is also typical for adult patients, since people’s health is affected by an unfavorable environmental situation, as well as a massive deterioration in the function of the immune system.

The causes, symptoms and features of the treatment of stomatitis, as well as what types of this disease are determined by specialists, will be discussed in this article.

What is stomatitis?

Currently, this is a common problem among the population. However, many patients who develop stomatitis for the first time find out what it is only after seeing a doctor. It is important that oral inflammation is detected promptly so that adequate treatment is provided. Therefore, if a person has white spot on inside lips, pain and discomfort are noted, it is necessary to quickly seek advice from a specialist.

Causes of stomatitis

Wikipedia shows that often the causes of stomatitis in adults are associated with the negative effects of a number of bacteria, viruses, and infectious disease agents leading to the appearance of mouth ulcers . However, when answering the question of what causes this disease, it should be taken into account that for the propagation of pathogenic microflora it is necessary to have additional factors, provoking the development of the disease. Indeed, in a person’s normal state of health, bacteria are constantly present on the oral mucosa and do not cause negative processes.

Therefore, when determining what causes stomatitis, experts identify a number of reasons:

• An unbalanced diet is an irrational diet in which the body does not receive enough B vitamins , iron , zinc etc.

• Injuries – if an injury of thermal, mechanical, or chemical origin has occurred in the oral cavity (irritation, burns and blisters, a person has bitten the skin from the inside, other damage to the mucous membrane has occurred). In particular, the cause of stomatitis is often a bite of the cheek, a wound left by a sharp fragment of a tooth, or injury from solid food. Most often, such an injury passes without a trace, but sometimes, in the presence of other negative factors the sore develops.
• Ignoring the principles of personal hygiene, consuming dirty fruits and vegetables, not washing hands in a timely manner.
• Poor quality dentures (incorrectly selected prosthetic material, unsuccessfully installed prostheses).
• Excessive enthusiasm for dental hygiene, in particular if used toothpaste, which includes sodium lauryl sulfate . Under its influence, salivation decreases, which ultimately leads to dehydration of the oral cavity. Such abuse leads to the fact that the mucous membrane becomes susceptible to the influence of acids, etc.
• The use of certain medications - if a person takes drugs that reduce saliva production, as well as diuretic tablets.
• Mouth ulcers often appear if a person is used to constantly smoking or regularly consuming alcohol.
• The disease develops after , radiation, and the use of other methods of treating malignant diseases.
• The disease occurs against the background of concomitant ailments. If the functions of a certain system in the body are disrupted, the appearance of a sore may be evidence that a person’s health is impaired. For example, sometimes it turns out that patients have developed malignant tumors of the pharynx, neck, nose, etc.
• For illnesses digestive systems s, infection Ulcers may appear on the tongue and in the mouth.
• May result from dehydration after prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, significant blood loss, (prolonged elevated body temperature).
• HIV-infected people have an increased risk of developing this disease.
• During the period Ulcers can appear as a result of hormonal surges.
• People who are sick often develop aphthous stomatitis.
• Those who suffer and, accordingly, use hormones in an inhaler, develop a candidal type of disease.
• Frequent manifestations are observed with anemia .
• The development of the disease is possible after.

Stomatitis in the mouth, classification

It is advisable to treat the affected surfaces and dentures with a soda solution, Lugol spray .

It is equally important to adhere to a diet, since nutrition affects the patient’s condition. To restore microflora, the menu for children and adults should not contain easily digestible carbohydrates.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis

How to treat this form of the disease depends on the degree of damage. Sometimes, after prescribing a treatment regimen, aphthous stomatitis in adults is treated at home.

At aphthous form the appearance of lesions occurs against the background of decreased immunity. Only specialists can determine why mouth ulcers appeared, the causes and treatment, since some of them believe that the causes of this type of disease are associated with damage to the mucous membranes by herpetic infection. In the chronic form of the disease, white ulcers in the mouth of an adult appear periodically and appear on the cheeks, on the inside of the lip, and sometimes in the throat.

With aphthous stomatitis, a person can note as isolated manifestations (for example, a white sore), and multiple. Unlike herpetic stomatitis, with aphthous stomatitis, rounded white plaques appear, that is, aphthae with a red rim, which is noticeable in the photo. If once again a white sore appears in the mouth, how to treat it depends on whether stomatitis has become chronic. The disease can last for years, so it is important to immediately determine how to treat mouth ulcers.

For the aphthous form of the disease, treatment is carried out in stages. Initially, aphthae are treated using a solution of boric acid and chamomile decoction. An antiseptic rinse is also carried out with a solution recommended by a specialist. For example, the throat and mouth can be rinsed with a weak solution potassium permanganate or . You can do other rinses. Used intravenously sodium thiosulfate for the purpose of desensitization and detoxification. Those who have been diagnosed with this disease of the oral mucosa are prescribed drugs Prodigiosan , Lysozyme , Pyrogenal . Means Lidocaine Asept It contains a local anesthetic and is effective against the aphthous form of the disease.

Multivitamins, antihistamines, and sedatives are also prescribed.

Since aphthous stomatitis develops in people suffering from diseases of the nervous, endocrine, and digestive systems, recurrent stomatitis can be prevented by curing these diseases.

Treatment of catarrhal stomatitis

The clinical picture of this form is such that for successful treatment it is necessary to eliminate the cause of its manifestation. If affected areas appear on the mucous membrane, they must be carefully treated with antiseptic solutions - Chlorhexidine . It is practiced to use applications with lidocaine or benzocaine for severe pain.

The remedy, etc., is widely used, which can be anointed on the lesions after prescribing this remedy. If your condition does not improve after taking these medications, it is advisable to go to the hospital. During the treatment period, you should stop using a toothbrush so as not to irritate your gums. The use of folk remedies is also practiced: sea buckthorn oil, honey, etc. help with stomatitis.

Treatment of herpetic stomatitis

This type of disease manifests itself most often, because the carrier of the virus is the vast majority of the population. However, stomatitis on the lip or other areas of the mucous membrane appears when a person has a deterioration in immunity.

The disease does not cause acute reactions, so a person often notices the disease when ulcers appear and the roof of the mouth hurts. The causes and treatment of the disease must be determined by a doctor. However, people who have “ white sore", they often try to independently treat an ulcer on the lip inside.

Viral stomatitis often appears under the tongue. For this form of the disease, the following treatment regimen is practiced.

Treatment of allergic stomatitis

About a third of the population exhibits various allergic reactions associated with the action of certain allergens. It is with them that stomatitis on the tongue or in other places of the mucous membrane can be associated.

In this case, the causes of the sore are contact with dentures, medications, etc. Since this manifestation is not considered a separate disease, how to treat an ulcer on the tongue, as well as how to treat the wound, depends on the nature of the allergic reaction.

Treatment in adults is reduced to the use of antihistamines -,. Prevention comes down to eliminating the allergen.

There is also the so-called prosthetic stomatitis , which is usually divided into the following types: allergic And bacterial . In the case of the bacterial form, stomatitis on the gums is manifested by redness of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed. In the allergic form, redness can spread further, for example, stomatitis appears in the throat, etc.

Ulcerative stomatitis, treatment

What to do with stomatitis depends on its form. The ulcerative form manifests itself, like a number of others, against the background of deteriorating immunity, poor oral hygiene, etc., while a number of unpleasant symptoms– the appearance of ulcers, bad breath, fever. If such stomatitis appears on the palate or the place where the pimple was previously inflamed and hurts, in another place of the mucous membrane, it is necessary to initially determine why the ulcers appeared on the palate of the mouth, and then how to treat the disease.

A mild form of the disease can be cured using local remedies. It will be enough to practice a gentle diet and drink plenty of fluids, polish the sharp edges of the teeth and remove them. For rinsing, they use solutions hydrogen peroxide , chlorhexidine , furatsilina , also herbal decoctions. To speed up the epithelization process, regenerating agents are prescribed.

If the disease does not go away after a few days, but lasts a long time, detoxification and antibacterial treatment is practiced. Sometimes vitamins are also prescribed general treatment, physiotherapy. If the inflamed lesion is treated in a timely manner, the ulcers close in 6-8 days. If the disease persists long time, then its transition to a chronic form is likely.

Stomatitis is the formation of foci of inflammation and ulcers in the oral cavity, accompanied by a burning sensation and pain. This is a common problem that occurs in both adults and children. Pregnant women often suffer from it. Without adequate treatment, stomatitis leads to decreased immunity, general intoxication, and fever. Therefore, it is important to recognize and treat it in time.

Types of disease

Stomatitis is translated from Greek as “mouth”; the disease received this name because of its location. IN general classification diseases she was assigned the ICD10 code - K12. Distinctive feature– the formation of light, inflamed spots on the mucous membrane, most often on the lips, cheeks, and gums. Sometimes such symptoms appear on the genitals, arms and legs. The nature and reasons for this phenomenon have not yet been fully studied. However, it is known for sure that stomatitis has several forms and its appearance is influenced by various factors. The consequence of this disease is pain while eating and talking, bad breath, and sometimes fever.

Stomatitis occurs at any age, from infants to the elderly. Depending on the pathogen, the disease progresses differently and is localized in different places.

Allergic

Allergic stomatitis develops when the body responds to the action of allergens. This could be a drug, microbial or food allergy.

Also, the symptoms of this disease appear with local infectious or systemic autoimmune diseases. It manifests itself differently, depending on what factor caused the outbreak. Symptoms occur if the allergen enters the body or simply comes into contact with the mucous membrane of the mouth. Often this form of stomatitis is observed in people with removable dentures, crowns, and fillings. In this case, against the background of an allergic reaction, any area of ​​the mouth is affected: the inner and outer sides of the lips, cheeks, tongue, gums. In rare cases, inflammation occurs on the tonsils, lateral ridges, soft palate, and back wall of the pharynx.

Manifestations of the disease:

• dry mouth;
• “varnish tongue” effect;
• formation of single or multiple ulcers;
• swelling of the mucous membrane;
• redness;
• fever.

The type of allergic stomatitis and the stage of the disease are determined by the set of symptoms. Within the allergic form, catarrhal stomatitis, ulcerative stomatitis, medicinal stomatitis, and catarrhal-hemorrhagic stomatitis are distinguished. All of them are studied separately, although they have the same reason – the body’s response to the allergen. This form is more common in adults, but quite rare in children. At the time of diagnosis, it is important to distinguish the allergic form from others, since their treatment tactics are different. This type can be eliminated by prescribing antihistamines. antiseptic drugs for the oral cavity. It is possible to use GCS.

Aphthous

This type of disease is accompanied by inflammation of the mucous membrane and the formation of erosions called “aphthae.” The mucous membrane turns red, sometimes itches and swells; against the background of such hyperemia, aphthae are formed - yellowish formations covered with fibrous tissue. The submandibular lymph nodes also enlarge and the temperature rises, the patient experiences pain when swallowing and speaking. The cause of the phenomenon is still being studied, and research shows a connection between disease outbreaks and the functioning of the immune system. Presumably the immune system does not recognize certain elements in saliva and attacks them. Also triggered are food allergies, mechanical damage, and severe psychological shock. Despite the similarity of pathogenesis with other forms, aphthous stomatitis differs in symptoms.

Erosions form against the background of inflamed, reddened mucosa and are most often localized on the lateral surface of the tongue, inside and near the folds, on the upper and lower lips, in the area of ​​the salivary gland ducts. Aphthae form over several days, then heal in 2 to 4 weeks. With proper treatment, symptoms disappear within a week. Without proper therapy, the situation is sometimes aggravated by the appearance of new ulcers, consolidation into large areas, and severe swelling of the oral cavity. In women, new outbreaks occur during menstruation, but during pregnancy this form of stomatitis often regresses. Most often, this form is observed in young people; the tendency to it is inherited.

Herpetic

Infection in infants and children under 2 years of age is accompanied by diarrhea, temperature fluctuations, and refusal to eat. Older children become lethargic and drowsy, and in adolescents the symptoms are the same as in adults.

Visual signs in children and adults are also no different.

Stages of the disease

If the disease is caused by pathogenic microorganisms, the first symptoms may resemble a cold: fever, weakness, lack of appetite. In this case, this is considered the first stage. The incubation period lasts from 3 to 7 days, during which time no visual changes are observed. After this:

1. A stage common to all types of disease occurs - redness of the mucous membrane, it becomes shiny and dry.
2. After 1-2 days, a white coating appears on the tongue and palate without the formation of erosions.
3. Then wounds and ulcers appear in certain areas.

These symptoms go away quite quickly on their own, within 1-2 weeks. The situation worsens with poor hygiene and damage to the mucous membrane. As a rule, after the wound heals, no traces remain. The exception is the ulcerative-necrotic form, in which deep erosion gradually scars and leaves a mark; in severe situations, the patient may lose a tooth from gum destruction.

Diagnosis of stomatitis

The clinical picture plays the most important role in diagnosis. The doctor first of all studies the medical history; it may contain the cause of stomatitis in the form of a chronic disease. Then the specialist must examine the patient, assess the number, size and shape of the rash. The type of rash is also important; they can be purulent, empty or filled with clear liquid. To accurately understand the nature of the rash, tests are prescribed:

• scraping from the surface of ulcers;
• saliva collection;
• general and biochemical analysis blood.

However, specific tests for detecting stomatitis have not yet been found. Doctors make a conclusion based on appearance rash, patient complaints, relapse rate. In most cases, the appearance of mouth ulcers is associated with systematic pathologies or lack of vitamins.

Why is stomatitis dangerous?

Most people who have had stomatitis do not even know the name and cause of the disease. This is due to the fact that the disease passes quickly and does not lead to serious consequences. In the first stages, there is discomfort from pain, itching and an unpleasant odor in the mouth. However, after the wounds heal, these symptoms disappear. Therefore, in most cases the prognosis is favorable. The danger arises in the presence of severely reduced immunity or chronic diseases. In this case, simple stomatitis can develop into more severe forms, for example, aphthous or ulcerative, which are more difficult and take longer to treat.

Complications occur in the absence of treatment and advanced forms. Deep erosions with pus form on the soft tissues in the mouth; when the blood becomes infected, general intoxication of the body follows. This is fraught with severe fever and malfunction of vital systems. After the healing of extensive and deep aphthae, a scar remains on the soft tissues, as a result of which part of the tooth may be exposed, periodontitis may form, and the tooth will fall out. However, heavy negative consequences are extremely rare, as a rule, in people with an unfavorable lifestyle or with severe health disorders: AIDS, hepatitis, very low blood clotting, hemophilia, and so on.

How to treat

Today, there are many ways to eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of stomatitis, but there is no single cure yet. Treatment is aimed at getting rid of signs and accompanying symptoms. All therapy methods are divided into home treatment And medical care. After an examination, the doctor determines the form of the disease, and based on this the following is prescribed:

1. Preparations for the treatment of ulcers. These are pastes and ointments for applying to the surface of ulcers; such products have an antibacterial and anesthetic effect. The patient independently applies them to the affected area, as a result of which the wounds stop hurting, heal faster and do not progress. If it is viral in nature, antiviral ointments are prescribed: oxolinic, bonafton, interferon.
2. Tablets are prescribed for the bacterial and fungal nature of the disease. Taking medications for the underlying disease, if stomatitis is its consequence, can also reduce the frequency of ulcer formation. In this case, tablets and injections are prescribed aimed at eliminating or alleviating chronic pathologies. Treatment often requires taking antihistamines if an allergic reaction is suspected.
3. Vitamins are prescribed after testing. A general strengthening effect is observed from taking multivitamins with components of group B and C.

Also, the doctor himself can prescribe treatment at home. Decoctions give a good effect. Reviews highlight a decoction of oak bark, which is used as a mouth rinse. If outbreaks occur very often, self-medication is dangerous. Treatment tactics are selected especially carefully if a woman is ill early stages pregnancy, infant or nursing mother. Patients with this disease are not hospitalized; the doctor gives recommendations and a list of medications to take home. The duration of therapy depends on the type of disease, it takes 2 weeks in mild forms, and 1-3 months in severe cases.

How to warn

It is important to carry out prevention both for those who have already had such outbreaks and for those who have never encountered them. The disease can appear at any age, so it is better for everyone to know how to prevent it. Prevention rules include careful hygiene, this applies not only to oral care, but also to clean hands, bed and clothes. In case of accidental damage to the soft tissues of the mouth, be sure to rinse your mouth with a solution containing antiseptic effect. When choosing a toothpaste and rinse, it is better to give preference to formulations without sodium lauryl sulfate. This substance is added to foam care products, but it dries out the mucous membrane and reduces its ability to resist harmful microorganisms.

It is better to choose a toothbrush with medium hardness. Teeth that are too soft do not clean the teeth enough, causing plaque to form and increasing the risk of injury and infection. Too hard brushes themselves injure your gums. It is a little more difficult to prevent this problem in young children. Infants more often develop candidiasis or herpes, it is quite difficult to protect the baby from them, since his immune system is weak and any tissue damage or the introduction of pathogens will lead to illness. Parents are advised to wash their child thoroughly, keep their linen and clothes clean, and maintain their own hygiene.

For children one year of age and older, traumatic stomatitis is a common occurrence. It is enough for parents to monitor what the baby puts in his mouth. Given the difficulty of fulfilling this condition, parents should check the child's oral health. Diet is also important for prevention and treatment.

Diet

Nutrition plays an important role in treating painful mouth ulcers. When preparing a diet, they focus on the proper preparation and processing of foods, their nutritional value. The inflamed mucous membrane reacts sharply to too hot and cold food, and when inflammation worsens, the patient cannot eat at all. The nutritional principle is compiled individually, based on the stage and type of disease. But there is also general rules creating a menu for stomatitis.

Thus, the following are excluded:

• spices and seasonings;
• sour and spicy foods;
• too hot and cold;
• raw foods, especially vegetables and fruits;
• alcohol and nicotine;
• sweets;
• cocoa and;
• dry bakery products.

Additional exceptions may be for concomitant pathologies, for example, diabetes mellitus In the patient, fast ones are also excluded. The food should be high in calories and contain a lot useful substances to improve immunity. Be sure to carefully crush all products so as not to injure the mucous membrane. Meat and fish dishes are passed through a meat grinder twice; other products should also be in the form of liquid purees, soufflés, and soups.

For painful and deep ulcers, only liquid food is recommended, which the patient can take through a tube. At the moment of exacerbation inflammatory process appetite often disappears, but it is important for the patient to support the body to fight the disease. Non-acidic freshly squeezed juices are also useful for quick recovery:

After recovery, it is important to maintain the principle of healthy and fortified nutrition, which will serve as additional prevention.

Frequently asked questions

Is it possible to get vaccinated for stomatitis?

Stomatitis is a sure sign that the immune system is weak. Vaccinations are carried out only against the background of a strong, healthy body. Many doctors, even pediatricians, do not consider stomatitis a contraindication for vaccination. However, for protection and insurance, you should get vaccinated a week after recovery, especially if we're talking about about the child.

Is it possible to go to kindergarten with stomatitis?

First of all, you need to establish for sure that the child has stomatitis. Only . If the diagnosis is confirmed, the child should stay at home and undergo treatment. IN kindergarten such a disease, especially of an infectious nature, is quickly transmitted through objects (dishes, toys).

A sick child can infect healthy ones, and with a weakened immune system, the same child can easily “catch” any other disease from other children. Therefore, during stomatitis, you cannot take your child to kindergarten.

Do they give sick leave for stomatitis?

Sick leave for stomatitis is given if a person cannot perform his duties or threatens the health of other people, for example, flight attendants, teachers, catering workers, and so on. It also depends on the degree of the disease.

If the patient has a mild form and can perform his work without risk to others, sick leave is not issued. In severe forms, the patient is even admitted to hospital, for example, with the ulcerative-necrotic type.