A brief overview of the functions of the main human organs. What is the most important human organ

Our body is a perfect mechanism, all parts of which interact perfectly with each other. Many compare it to a clock mechanism, arguing that the removal of even one “gear” will lead to a complete cessation of its vital functions. But according to scientists, our body can easily do without some organs. Such a shortage will undoubtedly affect his general condition, but, nevertheless, the functioning of the body will continue. What are the vital human organs without which life would not be possible? Let's try to answer this question in more detail.

The biology textbook also states that vital organs include the heart, lungs, brain, as well as the liver and kidneys. In the event that they all stop working, this can be considered as the onset of death of the organism. However, the activity of the heart is in the foreground here; a stop in the normal functioning of this organ can occur if disturbances occur in the functioning of some other organs and systems.

After cardiac arrest, circulatory processes immediately stop, as a result of which the cells of the body stop receiving vital oxygen. First of all, brain cells die from lack of oxygen, then gradually all other tissues die.

However, after the heart stops beating, it is possible to bring a person back to life. After the cessation of cardiovascular and respiratory system body cells can live for about four to six minutes. This period is usually considered as clinical death, and during this time it is possible to provide emergency assistance to the victim, which will restore his breathing processes, as well as blood circulation.

However, six minutes after the absence of blood circulation and breathing, active and irreversible damage to brain cells begins, and then to other parts of the body.

The death of a person’s brain does not necessarily lead to the cessation of all processes in his body. Technically, the victim remains alive - his heart activity, breathing and blood circulation can be artificially supported. However, in the absence of brain functioning, a person can no longer be brought back to life.

As for everyone else listed bodies– lungs, kidneys and liver, then their failure does not always lead to the rapid death of the patient, and in some cases it is reversible. However, when complete absence the functioning of these organs and the failure to provide the patient with medical care, a fairly rapid onset of death is observed. Thus, if the respiratory function ceases, the patient needs immediate artificial ventilation, if the kidneys fail, dialysis is necessary, and if the liver fails, detoxification and transplantation are necessary.

Is it possible to live without some organs?

Even vital organs may be partially removed or suffer from various pathological conditions. If part of them can perform functions necessary for the body, then vital activity human body will continue.

So our body can easily live without one lung. Scientists claim that such removal does not affect the patient’s quality of life or its duration at all. Only serious matters are prohibited physical activity.

Also, our body can perform all its functions without one kidney. In certain cases, such an organ is absent from birth; in others, one kidney may be removed due to injury or donation. Such a shortage also does not affect health and life expectancy, but requires compliance with some simple restrictions.

Of course, a person cannot exist without the liver, which is the body’s natural filter. So if this organ fails, then our body gradually dies, poisoned by its own waste products. However, the liver has amazing regenerative qualities - it is able to recover. For example, when transplanting part of this body(donation) the donor's liver may well be restored to normal size.

There is also evidence that a person can live quite well even without part of the brain. With the development of certain pathological conditions, an individual’s life can continue only if one of the hemispheres is removed. This situation occurs with a rare genetic disorder - Aicardi syndrome, which manifests itself in early infancy. Eliminating one of the hemispheres in this case helps to improve the patient’s quality of life and develop him into a relatively full-fledged person. In adults, such an intervention is impossible.

Transplantation

Doctors have learned to save the lives of patients or prolong them by an order of magnitude by transplanting the already listed vital organs. Possibilities modern medicine allow you to transplant a kidney and liver (including from a living donor) and even a heart (but only from a deceased donor). The human body is able to learn to function normally with new organs, as a result of which the patient can live full life and even acquire heirs.

Thus, disruption of the functioning of vital organs requires special attention, because without them the body is unable to function.

The meaning of the liver

Each organ performs its own irreplaceable function. But if a person can live without some organ, for example, an eye, then he cannot function without a liver. The functioning of the entire vital system of the body depends on it.

The liver is one of the vital organs for humans.

There may be different points of view about what the most important human organ is. There are paired organs: when one of them is removed, the remaining “double” can take on the entire load. Such “doubles,” for example, include kidneys, lungs, eyes, etc. The liver is an unpaired organ; nothing in the body can replace it. This organ is vital for humans. Its main functions are hematopoiesis and digestion as glands. The liver has two lobes and is covered by the right ribs.

Liver functions

This important human organ performs more than one function, but, to be more precise, more than a hundred! In addition, it contains a unique circulatory system, and about 1000 chemical processes occur.

Its primary function is intoxication, that is, the liver neutralizes poisons. If there were no liver in the body, it would poison itself and would have no strength or immunity. A person with a diseased liver has a sallow face, a tired appearance, and is susceptible to various allergies and colds.

Another most important function of the liver is its active participation in digestion through the production of bile and the processing of food into substances necessary for the body.

The third function of an important organ - the liver - is the ability to break down accumulating fat cells, since these cells themselves are not excreted by the body. Moreover, the liver extracts vitamins from broken down fat cells. If this function is weakened and fat cells do not have time to be processed by the liver, these cells can gradually kill the liver. This is facilitated by such things as alcoholism, the use of food additives, and strict extreme diets.

The liver produces heat

Its operating temperature is forty degrees. And the bile produced by the liver neutralizes hydrochloric acid and helps absorb fat into small intestine. The liver also clears the blood of bilirubin and unnecessary red blood cells.

This organ, important for the human body, monitors the correct amount of sugar in the blood, storing excess glucose. Violation of this function threatens a person diabetes mellitus. Hematopoiesis is another important role of the liver. It regulates blood clotting.

Valuable human organ– liver - breaks down and removes waste biological substances.

The liver is a unique organ

The liver is a unique organ that is in constant struggle with xenobiotics - substances foreign to the human body. Xenobiotics are various medicines, preservatives, pesticides and the like. All this enters the body along with food. Therefore, to maintain a healthy liver, it is necessary to take care of proper, clean nutrition, limit the use of medications and have a healthy lifestyle.

The human body is an interconnected system in which each organ functions exclusively according to its intended purpose. The liver is an organ responsible for the health and functioning of the entire body system.

In order for a person to be 100% healthy, it is important for him to know how his body works, what functions certain organs and systems perform. This allows you to track all deviations from the norm, which means they can be treated in a timely manner.

What's inside a person?

The human body is the most complex structure compared to other forms of life on planet Earth. Even if from some angles this does not seem entirely true, some processes are still much more complicated than they seem. For example, thinking and brain abilities.

The human body is made up of amino acids, just like animals and plants. Amino acids form peptides, from which all known proteins are built. Both plants and animals, and humans have the same set of peptides. However, the structure of proteins in humans is much more complex and has its own characteristics. That is why the human body has the most complex structure. However, if we expand, for example, vegetable proteins on peptides, then they can be successfully used for the production of or, which normalize the functioning of the human body with various deviations from the norm.

Each organ has its own set. For example, for the heart - only heart peptides, for the liver - only liver peptides, and so on. However, when treating certain body systems or organs, such as skin, it is advisable comprehensive .

Which human organs perform which functions and why?

Below is a list of the main human organs and their main functions.

The most important organ is brain . It is the control center of the entire body. He manages communications between organs and systems, as well as from his own proper work. The brain belongs to the Central Nervous System and stands at its head. Another important function of the brain that distinguishes humans from animals is thinking and the ability to rationally analyze.

Thyroid gland is the main organ endocrine system. It produces hormones necessary to regulate metabolic processes.

The main organ of the respiratory system is lungs . They provide the entire body with oxygen, which is necessary for oxidative processes.

Primary digestion provides stomach . It takes in food and brings it into a liquid state, in which it can be accepted by the intestines for final digestion.

The enzymes needed to digest food are produced pancreas .

Liver Provides filtration of the body from toxins and stores nutrients. She also takes part in digestion.

Intestines performs two important functions. One is final digestion. Another is the removal of waste substances and food debris from the body.

Kidneys ensure the body's water-salt balance, regulate blood pressure and relate to the excretory system. With urine, the kidneys remove salts, toxins and other unnecessary substances.

Bladder collects waste fluid and, along with it, removes all useless substances secreted by the kidneys.

Gallbladder provides the intestines with bile for the final digestion of food. The amount of bile secreted depends on the amount of fat eaten.

Reproductive organs human beings provide the ability to give birth to children.

Men's: prostate and testicles.

Women's: uterus and ovaries.

Read more about all the organs and systems of the body separately in the following articles.