What changes might happen in schools in the new year? Class of Minister Vasilyeva On secondary vocational education.

At the end of August, all changes and innovations in the education system in 2018 will be officially published. Today many of them are already known. The changes will mainly affect the Unified State Exam; it is also planned to gradually introduce modern electronic technologies into education.

For disabled children - regular schools

In 2016, the law on the education of children with disabilities came into force. And already in the new 2017/2018 academic year, many disabled children will receive education in regular schools. For this purpose, many secondary educational institutions built special ramps, handrails, elevators and lifts. In order to help special children, a teaching aid with enlarged font and other specialized equipment were purchased.

All teachers attended advanced training courses with special training, because in addition to teaching, their main task is to create a favorable environment for communication between “special” students and their peers.

OGE in 2018

Graduates of 9th grade, just like last year, will take exams in two compulsory subjects: Russian language and mathematics and two according to their preferences. And if in 2016 only two mandatory exams influenced grades in the certificate, then according to changes in school education from 2018, all four exams will be taken into account. In addition, a final grade will be assigned based on the final exam results.

And by the 2018/2019 academic year they plan to introduce two additional exams. As a result, students will have to prepare for six exams: two compulsory and four optional.

Innovations in the Unified State Exam

In the new academic year, graduates of secondary educational institutions will not be provided with test tasks when passing the Unified State Exam. This applies to subjects such as chemistry, physics, biology. The biggest changes will await students when they take the test. In addition to the written part, there will also be an oral part, which includes an interview on a given topic (most often this is a disclosure of the main theme of a famous work). This innovation will help test literacy oral speech, the ability of students to correctly insert various epithets and quotes into their speech.

The main intrigue of the Unified State Examination still remains the question: will the number of mandatory exams change in the 2017/2018 academic year? There is a proposal to introduce additional exams in history and Russian literature, but this has not yet been officially confirmed.

However, it was previously decided that in 2020 one of the mandatory exams will be English.

The highest score in physical education for passing the GTO

This innovation was well received in all schools. If a student has passed all the GTO standards, he is guaranteed an A in the semester in physical education. Other children are assessed using the same criteria.

Educational objectives for the 2017/2018 academic year include the introduction of some new subjects:

• robotics (the construction and use of robots in various fields of human activity will be taught to students in grades 5-7);
• financial literacy (accounting for financial family income and expenses, various types lending, accumulation of pension funds).

Many educational institutions will offer electronic textbooks to their students in the new academic year. This will really have a beneficial effect on further education in various universities.

There is an opinion that from 2018 there will be paid general education. Yes, indeed, there was such a proposal, but according to many deputies, this could lead to additional waste of the family budget, so this is not expected in the 2017/2018 academic year.

The passions surrounding “a return to the Soviet school,” changes in the Unified State Examination and the rules for entering universities did not allow parents, teachers, or children to relax throughout the past year. Therefore, the desire to look into tomorrow and find out what to expect from education in 2017 is completely justified. The forecast is given by Mela expert, scientific director of the Eureka Institute of Educational Policy Problems Alexander Adamsky.

The New Year for parents and teachers will, in my opinion, be a turning point in the relationship between formal and informal education. Why? One of the reasons is the sharp increase in motivation for self-education among children and adults. This is, first of all, side effect the “pandemonium” that politicians staged around domestic education.

Furious criticism of the Russian school, negative mythology of improvement results general education, a derogatory interpretation of liberal pedagogy, glorification of the “destroyed Soviet school” and calls for its return - all this forced parents, and many students, to look the other way.

If the school is as bad as they say and write about it, and hardly anyone in their right mind and strong memory would want to teach their children in a “Soviet” school, then what is there besides?

Another reason for leaving for non-formal general education: both children and adults are increasingly convinced that, due to formal restrictions, the school is beginning to sharply lag behind the opportunities that exist, as they say, in open access.

For quality modern education, the school must be flexible. Not only so that students are aware of new discoveries, works, technologies and changes in general. But also in order to give students ways to work with these changes, the skills to use new opportunities, and develop the ability to realize themselves in new circumstances. But organizational structure school is too archaic to provide a child with such a result. This is still an institution in which workers are subject to the golden rule: “No initiative!”

The golden time of innovative search has passed; the last surge was within the framework of the priority national project “Education” in the mid-2000s. Today the author's school is not in honor. Federal educational standards have been declared “empty”. Probably because it is not written down in them educational material, thematic planning and results as a list of learned information. Although these open standards are the most modern way to manage the content of education in the context of a variety of educational resources.

So, the school is overregulated and, as a consequence, there is a fetish for inspections, supervision and reporting. The agency chose to implement a basic quality management methodology. It is believed that children will study better, know and be able to do more, and be more prepared for life in an uncertain future if they are systematically given tests. It is believed that a school will work better if it is constantly checked. And teachers will be more motivated if they write detailed reports on each step.

It seems to me that it is very important to pay attention to this trend: the point is not only that children will soon not have enough time to attend school (how can one not recall the classic expression of Huckleberry Finn: “And no school will stop me from getting an education!”).

If the persecution of the school in the media, in political technology projects, in PR campaigns of politicians and the endless furious criticism of marginal activists continues at the same pace, in the public consciousness the school will quickly turn into an unnecessary forced quitrent, and families will not look for the necessary educational resources in the school.

The efforts of the state and the professional community to modernize, undertaken in the mid-2000s, are beginning to yield results - this can be seen from the international studies PISA and others, from the growth of the material base and wage fund, despite the dire financial situation in the country. But the incompetent bureaucracy of the previous Ministry of Education, which gave rise to a powerful conservative departmental reaction, squandered the enormous potential of the priority project “Education” and sharply reduced the main resource of teachers - motivation. The mechanical authoritarianism of the Lebanese Ministry of Education has actually crushed the sprouts of initiative and independence in the teaching environment, turned school directors into overseers of the implementation of indicators, regional ministers into overseers of reports and inspections, and the indicators themselves into a fetish, the meaning and value of which is much more important than any pedagogy and education.

And we came to the conclusion that at the end of 2016, two negative trends in the school converged. This is the suffocating administrative-command pressure from within the system: checks, reports, paperwork, meaningless activities, control work without end and without edge, indicators, indicators, indicators...

And an artificially created negative mythology about “the collapse of the school and the need to return to the Soviet school.”

There is no trace of collapse: the school today is one of the few institutions that works with high efficiency.

Look at medicine, look at transport, look at the security system, look at our roads, at agriculture and compare with school. Well, of course, in every complex system, emergencies and failures occur. Accidents will happen in the best regulated families. But look: every more or less serious failure in the education system becomes instantly known to the whole country!

The school is the most open system in Russia. Violence against a child, arbitrariness of the director, extortion, rudeness of the kindergarten teacher, not to mention violations on the Unified State Examination - the school is clear through and through! And this is a very important result of improving the system - its transparency. But to use the increase in information about what is happening to destroy the sources of this information - to return the system to its original state? What stupidity. But how many political points can you get, how effectively can you build an election campaign, how can you quickly correct the shortcomings of government leadership (“teachers, go into business!”) or department, how much popularity among the masses you can quickly gain by supporting the mythology of collapse and playing on nostalgia.

But the price of such a simple solution - strengthening administrative-command regulation and discrediting the efforts of the state and community to improve schools - is a drop in the motivation of students, teachers and parents. No one will want to teach and learn for the sake of tests. And in setting parents and children to search for non-school educational resources.

In a certain sense, this is not bad. The market for additional educational services will actively develop. It's already growing. Interesting child development projects, summer and winter schools, competitions, olympiads, language, mathematics, creative university programs, financial literacy, philological schools, clubs, planetariums, zoos, technology parks - you can’t list everything.

Children's development corners today in every major shopping center, not to mention cinemas and bookstores.

In addition to school, there are a huge number of opportunities - both so-called additional education and network resources. There are countless educational “offers”. Studying outside of school is becoming not only fashionable and cool.

Every day, parents, students and teachers learn about new approaches to learning and development, new methods, systems, schools, networks.

And no one is scared anymore by the fact that some approaches contradict others, that it is impossible even mentally to bring all proposals into a “single educational system”. It doesn’t frighten me, because more and more parents are striving to develop in their child that special, unique thing that was originally in them.

The child’s self-realization, interest, motivation, collective creative activity, development of the ability to cooperate and encouragement of success attract parents more than a rigid attitude towards monitoring progress and checking the results of mastering programs.

Attempts to maintain administrative control over open resources, the initiative of developers, the demand of parents for individual education, the desire of teachers to break out of the routine restrictions of “educational institutions” (in the broad sense of the word) and, finally, the inquisitiveness of students - only push the most motivated out of the formal education system.

The system can respond by creating educational complexes: Moscow took this path, and we see what difficulties have emerged when the system pulls itself out of the swamp, trying to be reborn from the inside. But families, parents and children need to learn today; they do not care about the difficulties of administrative structures. Therefore, I foresee an explosion of informal education, a justified desire of the parent community for self-organization, for the expansion of family education, club forms, and online educational programs.

But then the state will have to use taxpayer funds to compensate for this choice of parents. Because they will expect to receive general rather than additional education through informal resources. And no one wants to pay twice. Yes, this is unfair! And the price of blind departmental authoritarianism and populist mythology of “destruction” will increase many times over.

Quality system in education in 2017

The new Minister of Education outlined the priority areas of her work for 2017. They will touch upon improving the Unified State Examination, supporting inclusive education, social protection of educational workers and many other important issues. And today we propose to take a closer look at the most significant innovations of those that have already been announced by the relevant department.

First of all, we note that Russian education next year will have impressive funding. Olga Vasilyeva emphasized this more than once in her interviews, so I would like to believe that support for existing programs and the introduction of innovations will be fully provided.

Additional education

In 2017, it is planned to pay close attention to additional education. Particular emphasis will be placed on technical and natural science programs. The number of children enrolled in these programs should double in 2017-2018. It is expected that by 2020 it will be possible to attract 75% of students to additional education. The number of sections and clubs in general education institutions will become as diverse as possible. According to O. Vasilyeva, the ideal option is to have at least five free clubs in each school.

Children's choirs will appear in many schools. Such plans were announced by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, from which educational institutions will be able to officially hire choir directors and accompanists. In the meantime, courses will be held at pedagogical universities that will help future teachers learn how to motivate children to become interested in music.

It is planned to create children's technology parks on the basis of additional education centers. This was promised by D. Medvedev at the end of November 2016. The purpose of creating technology parks is to provide children with greater opportunities to engage in creativity, sports, art and music.

What to expect from the Unified State Exam 2017?

Previous experience in conducting the Unified State Exam prompted the Ministry of Education and Science to resort to some innovations that could be introduced as early as 2017.

The most unpleasant change for many graduates is the third required subject. Most likely it will be history. The Ministry of Education has long said that today’s knowledge of schoolchildren regarding various historical events leaves much to be desired, and it is logical to assume that with the help of the Unified State Exam the situation can be corrected. Foreign language, social studies and physics, although less likely, are also considered as “candidates” to appear on the list of mandatory exams.

As a consolation for the 2017 graduates, we can say: there is reason to believe that this time everything will work out, and the idea of ​​three compulsory subjects will be postponed until 2018.

More pleasant news is that participants in the Unified State Exam 2017 have the right to retake one of the compulsory subjects in an additional period established by a unified schedule.

Another important change concerns the emergence of a unified rating scale. This means that the results of the Unified State Exam will influence the grades on the certificate. For example, if you pass the state exam in Russian with a C, then together with an annual A, a B will be added to the certificate.

It is planned to completely remove the test component of the Unified State Exam. The emphasis will be on creative assignments and questioning.

By the way, graduates of Crimea can still enter Crimean universities based on the average score of the certificate and entrance exams. Although the Unified State Exam can be taken at will, if a Crimean citizen wants to enroll in one of the universities in the mainland of the Russian Federation.

New subjects in schools

From September 1, 2017, it is likely that new subjects will appear in school schedules. We can talk about astronomy and the sensational discipline “Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics,” which should instill respect for religions and nationalities (we emphasize that this subject will be optional, and, therefore, the consent of parents and the school will be required for its implementation).

It is known for sure that students in grades five to nine will study a new interesting subject called “Robotics.” From 2017/2018 academic year, schools will gradually begin to be equipped with 3D printers, with which such lessons will become even more interesting.

Inclusive education in 2017

The implementation of the new standard for teaching children with disabilities will continue. Now parents will be able to choose which school their special needs child will attend: a specialized or regular one.

At the same time, all schools must have an accessible environment and the necessary support for children with disabilities, from ramps to special textbooks in Braille.

There will also be special requirements for teachers. In particular, only teachers who know how to work with them will be allowed to teach children with disabilities.

Psychological service

There is a catastrophic shortage of psychologists in Russian schools! The Minister of Education made this statement and immediately reassured the public, promising that in 2017 this problem will begin to be resolved. In particular, it is planned to increase wages for psychologists and provide more budget-funded places to applicants who want to master this profession.

Expert review of textbooks

By March 2017, an examination of all textbooks used in Russian schools will be carried out to determine whether their contents comply with scientific, pedagogical, social and ethnocultural norms. The Russian Academy of Sciences will be involved in this event.

Benefits for medalists when entering a university

Not long ago, Rosobrnadzor allowed the possibility of returning benefits for gold medal holders when enrolling in universities. But for this, a mechanism for objective assessment of students must be developed. That is, the medal should really be evidence of the applicant’s high level of knowledge, and not the school’s desire to declare itself as a “forge” of medalists.

All-Russian testing work

Another interesting innovation is All-Russian testing in five non-core subjects for eleventh graders. For now, such events will definitely be held in Moscow schools, but the participation of educational institutions in other cities is possible. You shouldn’t worry too much about this, since for now everything will be carried out within the framework of the experiment, and therefore the results of the VPR will not affect the assessments.

Training only in the first shift

Gradually, Russian schools will switch to teaching in only one shift - from morning to lunch. Experts insist that teaching during the second shift is a big burden on the child’s body and a factor that disrupts the daily routine.

Electronic textbooks

2017 will not be complete without technological innovations. It's about electronic textbooks, which will appear in all schools in the country. Their content will correspond to their paper counterparts, but with additional multimedia support.

So, in 2017, participants in the educational process need to prepare for such innovations as:

Comprehensive development of additional education;
Changes in the Unified State Exam: a third compulsory subject is possible, test assignments will be abandoned, the exam results will affect the grades in the certificate;
New subjects will appear in the school curriculum;
An examination of all textbooks will be carried out;
Children with disabilities will be able to study in regular schools;
Working conditions for school psychologists will improve.

As part of the President's Address Federal Assembly V. Putin spoke about the need to preserve the depth and fundamental nature of education. The coming year promises to live up to these words in many ways.

Changes in the education system in 2017

As promised, in 2017 students will write many more tests than in the past. All-Russian tests in various subjects await students in grades 4, 5, 10 and, most importantly, grade 11. The sudden decision to organize five additional tests in subjects not included in the Unified State Exam: history, biology, geography, chemistry and physics, caused panic among graduates, whose psyche was already undermined by preparing for the unified exam. However, everything turned out to be not as scary as it looked at first.

Firstly, it turned out that these tests are not yet mandatory and are introduced by decision of the school. And the most important thing - what they feared most - is that their results will not affect the certificate. For now, eleventh graders can breathe out.

But 4th grade students from all schools will write All-Russian tests in the Russian language, mathematics and the world around them. And for grades 5, CVs are being introduced in the Russian language, mathematics, history and biology - this year they will be held in testing mode, that is, also by voluntary decision of the school. Demo versions of all tests are already available online.

Silence is not golden

Apparently, the test system for assessing knowledge in some disciplines will, as promised, be gradually abandoned - exams in humanitarian subjects will have an oral part in the near future. The Unified State Exam was not touched this year: first we decided to try the State Examination.

Already in 2017, some ninth-graders will take the Russian language test orally as an experiment. It is still unknown whether the Russian language exam will be structured in the same way as now - the foreign language exam, where the oral part is taken using a computer, or whether the good old examiners will return. According to experts, the United state exam in Russian language and literature in grade 11 can be supplemented with an oral form from 2019.

Psychology News

Last year there were several high-profile and very sad events with teenage schoolchildren. As usual in such situations, everyone began to look for who was to blame. It turned out, for example, that not all Russian schools have a psychological support system, and if there is one, it is often in an ineffective state. This year, especially close attention will be paid to the work of school psychologists, their work will be reformed, and many functions will be changed. How this will end in practice is still unknown.

In addition, it became known that the Ministry of Health is preparing its own psychology course for schoolchildren as part of life safety. One of his tasks will be to teach children to resist manipulation by adults. A team of authors has already been selected to write the textbooks. It is even expected that 20 hours will be devoted to psychological education of schoolchildren: the lesson will be held once a week.

Workdays

Last year, the Ministry of Education suddenly noticed that the current student was deprived of labor education. He, unlike previous generations, does not scrub desks of hooligan inscriptions and does not pick chewing gum off the floor, and does not wash recreation areas and locker rooms while on duty. It is still unknown whether this or that labor obligation will somehow be introduced compulsorily at school. But along the way, a real problem emerged: a teenager today, even with all the desire, has no opportunity to earn extra money - any activity of a 13-14-year-old person is limited by the concept of “child labor,” and it is prohibited in our country.

The State Duma Committee on Education and Science recommended that labor education and socially useful work be included in school programs and even amendments to the law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, the Labor and Civil Codes, which would remove some restrictions on the organization of labor education and simplify admission to work of minors. Experts suggest thinking about benefits for employers who provide jobs to schoolchildren.

College instead of the army

On January 1, 2017, a law came into force according to which students of technical schools and colleges received a deferment from the army for the entire period of study without age restrictions. In the previous version of the law “On Military Duty and Military Service,” the deferment applied to students under 20 years of age. That is, those who went to college or technical school after 9th grade were automatically deferred, but those who decided to get a vocational education after 11th grade found themselves in a difficult situation. A young man graduates from school at the age of 17-18, and with a duration of study at a technical school of three to four years, in his last year he turns at least 20 years old - that is, according to previous legislation, a deferment from the army did not apply in this case. Starting this year, all college and technical school students are exempt from the army.

Objectives of the education system for 2017

Objectives of the education system for 2017:

Implementation of Presidential decrees Russian Federation V.V. Putin, decisions of the State Council meeting on improving the general education system;
- introduction and implementation of federal state educational standards for primary general education of students with disabilities and federal state educational standards for the education of students with mental retardation (intellectual disabilities);
- continued creation of conditions for improving professional level teaching staff, increasing the prestige of the teaching profession;
- implementation of the Federal program to promote the creation of new places in general education organizations;
- carrying out activities aimed at improving the quality of education, including organizing comprehensive support for schools operating in difficult social conditions;
- creating conditions for young children to receive preschool education;
- updating the content of general education;
- development of a network of educational organizations implementing innovative programs;
- implementation of measures to reduce excessive reporting of teachers;
- introduction of a new format of the school library;
- creation of a regional segment of a unified federal interdepartmental system accounting for the student population in basic educational programs and additional general education programs;
- participation in the professional skills competition for people with disabilities “Abilimpix”;
- implementation of the strategic initiative “New model of the system of additional education for children” in the format of a children's technology park;
- implementation of the concept of additional education for children;
- implementation of a model for increasing the psychological and pedagogical competence of teaching staff in preparation for the introduction of professional standards;
- creation of special conditions for training personnel in the 50 most in-demand and promising professions and specialties for the Altai Territory;
- development of the competitive movement, participation in the national championship “Young Professionals” within the framework of the WorldSkills Russia movement;
- creation of regional specialized competence centers;
- increasing the efficiency of interaction between universities and other levels of education in the Altai Territory;
- improving the career guidance system.

Developments in the education system in 2017

Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Olga Vasilyeva spoke about the innovations that await Russian education in 2017. In particular, the head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation noted changes in the State Academy of Sciences in the Russian language, all-Russian testing in grades 11, as well as the implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation.

According to Olga Vasilyeva, there will not be many changes in the field of education this year. In particular, the innovations will affect the GIA - the state final certification in the Russian language in its oral part.

“In the fall, such an exam will already be held in some regions of the country. We will see what format it will be. Somewhere there will be a commission exam, somewhere - like when passing a foreign language - on a computer,” Olga Vasilyeva said in an interview with Nezavisimaya Gazeta ". - Then we will conduct analytical work and we will know how to develop this exam further. This year we are removing test tasks from the Unified State Exam in chemistry, biology and physics. As a result, the test part was excluded from all subjects except foreign language. And that, I think, is good."

The minister also said that this year tests will be carried out in the 11th grade in all subjects that are not included in the Unified State Exam.

“There is no innovation in this. Such work takes place every year. It’s just that this year they will be for everyone according to the same tasks and at the same time. It is my deep conviction that test work should be mandatory in all subjects... Practice, when they teach you about one or two subjects at school, you need to stop. I studied at the school where all subjects were equally important,” the minister added.

The head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation noted that the results of the VPR in the Russian language among second-graders were disappointing: “We recently organized a test in the Russian language for children from the second grade in about 30 thousand Russian schools... A very large percentage of children simply could not make up a sentence from the one presented to them a bunch of words. I am convinced that this should not happen in our school.”

Another innovation concerns the implementation points of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, which was approved relatively recently.

The ministry worked hard on the strategy; it sets out the priorities for the development of science in the country. What is important for us is that the strategy does not, for example, have preferences for any specific industries - be it biology, physics or another subject area,” the minister explained. - But there is a public order for research, which allows science to navigate itself, look for new ways, and provide answers to society’s existing expectations. This is very important. And this freedom has actually been given to scientific organizations for the first time. There is still work to be done on the document, but what is already there deserves special attention.

The ministry also plans to continue working with the non-profit sector. "Without involving public organizations We will not be able to solve the assigned problems. On January 23, applications for consideration of candidates for the Public Council under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation begin. I invite everyone to take part in the discussion of candidates,” Olga Vasilyeva urged.

State of the education system in 2017

State-political and socio-economic transformations of the late 80s - early 90s had a significant impact on Russian education, allowing for the implementation of academic autonomy of higher educational institutions, ensuring the diversity of educational institutions and the variability of educational programs, the development of a multinational Russian school and the non-state education sector . These processes are reflected and consolidated in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Education" vocational education"However, the system-wide socio-economic crisis that occurred in the 90s significantly slowed down positive changes. The state largely withdrew from education, which was forced to engage in self-survival, largely abstracting from the real needs of the country. In modern conditions education can no longer remain in a state of internal isolation and self-sufficiency.

The outdated and overloaded content of school education does not provide graduates of secondary schools with fundamental knowledge, the most important components of the education standard of the new century: mathematics and computer science (including the ability to search and select information), Russian and foreign languages, basic social and humanitarian disciplines (economics, history and law ). Vocational education, in turn, is not yet able to adequately solve the problem of “personnel shortage” caused by new requirements for the level of qualifications of workers. At the same time, many graduates of vocational education institutions cannot find a job or make a decision in modern economic life. In the context of economic stratification of society, all these shortcomings of the education system were exacerbated by unequal access to quality education depending on family income.

In the transitional period of its development, the country must resolve its pressing social and economic problems not by saving on general education and vocational schools, but on the basis of its rapid development, considered as an investment in the future of the country, in which the state and society, enterprises and organizations participate, citizens - all interested in quality education.

In this regard, it is necessary to ensure rapid growth in education costs, a significant increase wages education workers and strengthening incentives for the quality and effectiveness of teaching work.

The investment attractiveness of education for the investment of enterprises, organizations and citizens should be increased, the organizational and economic mechanisms operating in education should be modernized, which will increase the volume of extra-budgetary funds in education, as well as radically improve the use of these funds by directing them directly to educational institutions. In the context of the expected demographic decline, the student population will be reduced by almost one third, which creates a situational reserve for intra-system maneuver of resources in order to rationalize the network of general education institutions, support innovative schools and other “points of growth” in education.

Measures of state support for education will be combined with strengthening the role of government authorities and education management in ensuring, together with the public, high and modern quality of work of educational institutions and organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms, and systematic analysis of the future needs of labor markets.

Why reduce the number of school textbooks? When will the mandatory oral exam in Russian appear? How much will the student scholarship increase? What's new for the school in the new year? The head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Olga Vasilyeva, spoke about this at a press conference. In particular, she noted that the public discussion of new federal educational standards had ended. How are they different from the old ones? They spell out the specific content that a child should know in each subject from first to ninth grade.

Standards should not be empty and “blurred,” the minister said. - The best experts, young corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, worked on the new project. The ministry received about seven thousand responses to the project (most of them positive) and about 200 specific proposals. All of them will be taken into account in the final version of the Federal State Educational Standards for primary and secondary schools. And by October we will prepare standards for grades 10-11.

Thus, the development of almost all subject concepts for the school is completed. Now, according to the minister, it is necessary to build a new understanding of what textbooks children will study from. Now there are almost 1470 of them on the federal list. This is too many.

Examination of textbooks requires new approaches. How does it work now? Publishers independently search for the authors of the textbook, print it, find experts themselves and, after a positive conclusion, submit an application to be included in the federal list, says Olga Vasilyeva. - Now we have a presidential instruction limited to the end of August. We must present a very clear expert system for selecting textbooks. Their number will be reduced. For each subject you need to have 2-3 rulers: basic and in-depth.

About the unified educational space

Schools will gradually leave municipal control. The new management model primarily implies that regional authorities will manage personnel and be responsible for a single substantive part of the program.

It should not be the case that when we move to another city, we do not know whether the local school studied fractions, or whether the children will study this material only in the next grade. Any variations and intensifications in the program are possible only after you have given the child the basic content that every student in our country should know, the minister emphasizes. - The pilot project will include about 17 regions. They will follow different models of transfer of control.

The Samara region has been working on this principle since 2002 and shows excellent results: there school property remains with the municipalities, but the region appoints school directors and coordinates the educational process. They have significantly reduced the number of managers in education, and the calculation of teachers' salaries has become more transparent. In addition, the per capita financing system has been leveled out. According to the minister, there are a huge number of examples where advanced gymnasiums and lyceums operate in the regional center, but at the same time, schools in municipalities remain underfunded.

Currently there are almost 1,470 textbooks on the federal list. It's too much

Financial costs for each child within the region should be equal, Olga Vasilyeva emphasized. - Every year, 25 billion rubles are allocated from the budget for the construction of schools. This year we will introduce 55 thousand new places, and 37 percent of them are places in rural schools.

Another important component of the unified educational space in the country is the national system of teacher growth, which involves mandatory certification and advanced training. 15 regions have already agreed to conduct a subject test for teachers in Russian language and mathematics this fall. It will help identify gaps and build a future professional trajectory for teachers.

About astronomy

But physics teachers across the country are massively improving their qualifications right now. They will teach astronomy, which is making a triumphant return to schools. This compulsory subject is included in the curriculum of grades 10-11 with a volume of at least 35 hours. The new lesson will appear in the schedule of some schools as early as September 1, but some educational institutions may introduce it later - from January 1, 2018. The Unified State Examination in astronomy will not be introduced, however, by 2019, some questions from this course may appear in the Unified State Examination in Physics.

From 2020, a foreign language exam will become mandatory for 9th graders, and from 2022 for 11th graders.

What else might be new? The Ministry is considering introducing basic modules on entrepreneurship as extracurricular activities. In addition, schools should have five free clubs: literary, scientific and technical, sports, music and chess.

About exams

Schools should have 5 free clubs: literary, scientific and technical, sports, music and chess.. Photo: Mikhail Sinitsyn

I want to say right away that the Unified State Exam will not be cancelled,” Olga Vasilyeva emphasized. - This is a powerful social elevator that allows children from Siberia Far East enroll in the best universities in the country. Look at the statistics: at Moscow universities, approximately 65 percent of students are from the regions, and 35 percent are Muscovites. Before the Unified State Exam, the situation was exactly the opposite.

This year’s exam went better than the previous one: 703 thousand people took the Unified State Exam, while the number of violations decreased by one and a half times, and the number of children who did not pass the minimum score threshold was almost two times less. And this despite the fact that the test part remained only in the oral part of the foreign language exam.

In the 9th grade there will be an oral exam in the Russian language. It will become an admission to the state final certification and will be introduced according to the same principle as the essay in the 11th year,” said Olga Vasilyeva. - We are now discussing the readiness of the regions that will conduct “oral Russian” in pilot mode next year.

Also, from 2020, a foreign language exam will become mandatory for 9th graders, and from 2022 for 11th graders. In addition, it is planned that from 2020 the entire country will be required to take history tests.

About secondary vocational education

Particular emphasis on foreign languages ​​will be placed in institutions of secondary vocational education. Starting from the new academic year, a thousand colleges in 73 regions of Russia will begin to train students according to new WorldSkills standards - these are 50 top professions related to advanced technologies. Working with new equipment, with technical documentation - here English is needed more than ever. In addition, according to the minister, the program of dual vocational training will be expanded, within the framework of which the student spends half of the time directly at work.

Help for students

And the most important news for students is that from September 1, scholarships will be indexed by 5.9 percent. Funds from the budget have already been allocated, and agreements on the provision of subsidies have already been concluded with all educational organizations.

It will also become easier for “targeted” students: a bill has been developed for them regulating the rights of the university, the student and the employer sending the student to study.

We conducted in-depth monitoring. It turned out that in 51 percent of cases in the agreement on targeted training measures of social support for students are not prescribed. We will, of course, change this situation,” says Olga Vasilyeva. - After all, graduates, having completed their studies and fulfilled their obligations, go to the employer for at least three years. And on his part social guarantees must be provided.

About universities

Universities should become the center of economic, social and cultural life of the region, the minister believes. - This year, in addition to the already existing 11, we have selected 22 more flagship universities that will receive additional funding. We really hope that this program will produce good results.

The total number of Russian universities in the prestigious QS ranking has increased to 24, and the performance of 14 of them has increased significantly. The Ministry of Education and Science plans to expand the export of Russian education so that by 2025, about 700 thousand foreign students will study at our universities. According to rough estimates, this will generate 373 billion rubles in additional income. And now we have 243 thousand foreign students, and only 15 thousand of them are on a quota.

Lectures go digital

What else is new for universities? Project "Modern digital educational environment". Its essence is to enable universities to include online courses in their educational programs and give real credits for them. It is estimated that by 2025, up to 11 million people will be taking open online courses. In the next 2-3 years, they will cover most of the areas of bachelor's and master's degrees. But this does not mean that everyone will study only on the Internet. Online courses make learning more flexible. And for teachers there is another separate project - the Russian electronic school, which should start operating in 1.5 years.

The Russian electronic school will become a powerful help for teachers, says Olga Vasilyeva. - Almost everything will be there: methodological assistance in conducting and compiling lessons, additional modules on subjects. Plus - virtual museums, libraries, theater performances. We are currently testing this system on the basis of the Moscow electronic school.

Innovations and changes in the education system have already affected both the rules for passing the Unified State Exam and the conditions for admission to the university. Long-defunct disciplines such as astronomy were introduced and others were curtailed. However, time does not stand still, and the department has outlined new plans to improve the school curriculum.

General secondary education is the basis, the foundation on which primary knowledge is built, which makes it possible in the future to acquire the desired profession. Therefore, it is extremely important to provide the younger generation with the appropriate level of knowledge and skills to prepare them for adult life to the maximum.

Every year, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation develops new projects to modernize and improve the quality of education, and special attention is paid to schooling. Work is being carried out both to improve the educational institutions themselves and the entire infrastructure, as well as to transform the learning process, change methods and control over the qualification level of teachers. The department admits that although not all initiatives demonstrate effectiveness, there are still some results.

Innovations and changes to the old system have already affected both the exam rules and the conditions for admission to the university. Long-defunct disciplines such as astronomy were introduced and others were curtailed. However, time does not stand still, and the department has outlined new plans for improving the school curriculum.

What should schools expect in 2018, and what changes are coming? Let's figure it out.

Developing thinking: chess as a compulsory discipline

A few months ago Olga Vasilyeva joined the program primary school chess course. The effectiveness of this change has been in doubt for some time. But practice has shown that chess classes benefit children and improve the quality of education. The department claims that one lesson per week will improve the overall performance of students, and, moreover, this does not require additional competencies from teachers.

Children are already learning to play chess in 40 regions of the country. According to the minister, the presence of this subject contributes to the development of students' mental abilities. Therefore, their grades are very different from those of children who do not attend chess lessons. The introduction of the course is planned to be carried out over the next two years, and already next year many schoolchildren will begin to learn the basics of this difficult game.

Learning to create family happiness

In the very near future, a new discipline "" will appear in all schools. Many citizens are arguing about the rationality of this innovation, and although the subject has many opponents among parents and teachers, the decision to implement it has already been made.

The course, which is officially called "Moral Foundations family life", has already been included in the school curriculum in 38 regions of Russia. Priest Dmitry Moiseev and nun Nina Krygina, who are the authors of the textbook, strive to instill in children traditional family values. According to the initiators, the presence of this discipline will allow modern teenagers to create a strong large family.

Safety in physical education lessons

The big problem today is the high mortality rate among children. physical education lessons. The Ministry of Education and Science is working together with the Ministry of Health to solve this problem.

According to data posted in open sources, only in 2017 in lessons physical training 211 schoolchildren died. The main reason for the death of schoolchildren is the lack of awareness of teachers about the health status of students. And all because, according to current legislation, data from citizens’ medical records is confidential and not subject to public disclosure, so educational institutions do not have a complete picture of the real health of students.

Question about modernization of physical education lessons already . Along with other innovations, the updated training involves the inclusion of medical personnel in the work and the provision of medical information about the child. The combined efforts of the two departments led to the creation of the “School Medicine” project, within the framework of which teachers, based on data from medical records, will be able to provide effective emergency assistance and exclude cases of death.

Russian language for ninth graders

Next year, ninth graders will also face changes. Namely, ninth-graders are expected to take a Russian language course, based on the results of which students will be admitted to the final certification. The exam procedure itself involves reading the story and discussing it with the teacher.

The project is a pilot and will not yet be implemented throughout the country. At the moment, regions are being selected that will be able to conduct such an exam in 2018. Based on the results of the experiment, if it is effective, a decision will be made to make this exam mandatory for all schoolchildren starting in 2019.

Let's talk about traffic rules

At the Capital Action Forum, which took place in December, Minister of Education raised the question of the need for schoolchildren to learn the rules traffic. The increasing frequency of accidents leads to tragic consequences, which is why it is so important to teach children traffic rules at school. Mrs. Vasilyeva notes that schoolchildren should not be overloaded with lessons, but in this case we are talking about their lives and safety. It is planned that students will study the rules of behavior on the road twice a month in class.

Selection of subjects and career guidance

A new standard is being developed for high school students, according to which students will be able to study up to 7 disciplines out of 6 subject areas. They include:

• Russian language and literature or native language and literature;
• computer science and mathematics;
• foreign language;
• natural sciences (physics, natural history, chemistry, ecology, biology);
• social sciences (law, history, geography, social studies, economics);
• art or subject of school choice.

At the same time, physical training, life safety and the much-loved new course “Russia in the World” are among the compulsory subjects.

The main feature of the innovation is the distribution of items into several difficulty levels, which will make it possible schoolchildren determine for themselves which subjects are of greater importance to them and engage in more in-depth study of specialized subjects.

It is also planned to reduce the number of disciplines studied. According to the new standard syllabus for high school will consist of three compulsory, three specialized and three basic or integrated subjects.