Average life expectancy. Average life expectancy in Russia


Life expectancy in different countries of the world is an indicator of the development of a country, its well-being and healthcare system.

Typically, states with high life expectancy are characterized by a well-established social security and insurance system, because, first of all, older people require financial assistance from the state, and developed countries are able to provide the older generation with the necessary pension payments and subsidies.

Average life expectancy is also influenced by people's lifestyle, the quality of their diet and commitment to a healthy lifestyle.

  1. . For many experts, the longevity of Italians still remains a mystery. Even though the country is a member of the European Union, it does not have very good wages and pensions compared to other European countries. Also, Italy cannot boast of a highly developed medical system, but this does not prevent its citizens from living to an average of 82.84 years.
  2. . The republic's citizens live on average 82.66 years. Their quality of life is influenced by the temperate climate, clean air, and the calm and peaceful atmosphere in the republic. The healthcare sector also plays an important role, where Switzerland invests millions of euros annually.
  3. . This small island nation has a life expectancy of 82.64 years. Residents of Singapore are protected to the maximum from the destructive influence of cars. The country very strictly regulates the number of cars to prevent environmental pollution. The government has also created an excellent healthcare system, which is aimed primarily at preventing the occurrence of chronic diseases in people, and not at treating them.
  4. . Icelandic residents live an average of 82.3 years. This life expectancy is influenced by a large amount of fish in the diet containing omega. This microelement activates the body’s protective properties, so Icelanders are less likely to be exposed to various diseases. Iceland also boasts a unique temperate climate. The use of geothermal energy plays an important role.


  5. Kingdom. In this state, men and women adhere to the Mediterranean diet, which includes a large amount of seafood. On average, Spaniards live 82.27 years. This kingdom is distinguished not only by good climatic conditions, but also by the excellent mental health of its citizens. According to statistics, Spain has the lowest suicide rate in the world.
  6. differs in the life expectancy of its citizens at 82.09 years. This country has high obesity rates. Australia also has the highest percentage of people suffering from skin cancer in the world. This situation occurs due to the hot climate. But despite this, the Commonwealth of Australia recently introduced a program to reduce smoking among citizens, which affected their life expectancy.
  7. . It is believed that the mixed population of God's Earth affects the life expectancy of Jews. Whether this is true or not is unknown, but in Israel people on average live to 82.07 years.
  8. . One of the most developed countries in the European Union with a life expectancy of 81.93 years. The state has devoted a lot of resources to clean up the environment. Swedes also eat a lot of berries and seafood, which prevent heart disease.
  9. . This European state boasts a life expectancy of 81.84 years. The main secret of the longevity of the French lies in proper nutrition and good medical care.
  10. . This state is considered to be a country of immigrants. According to statistics, more than 30% of Canada’s population came here for permanent residence from different parts of the world. But this did not affect the average life expectancy (81.78 years). Canada is characterized by one of the most developed healthcare systems; this country has one of the best and highest quality medical care.
  11. . The republic is known for its climate and outstanding nature. On average, New Zealanders live to 81.56 years.
  12. . This country has a very high level of urbanization (relocation of the rural population to cities), but even this does not prevent Korea from maintaining one of the leading positions in terms of life expectancy, which is 81.43 years. Many experts note that Koreans live so long thanks to their incredible ability to work, which constantly keeps the human body in good shape.
  13. . Citizens of this state live to an average of 81.33 years.

Countries with low life expectancy

  1. The first place is occupied by the Central African Republic with an indicator of 45 years. The country has a low level of medicine, and most of the state's residents are exposed to diseases such as HIV infection and malaria.
  2. Lesotho. The African country is known in the world as the state with the highest percentage of HIV-infected people. According to statistics, half of the female population under 40 years of age is infected with this virus. Because of this situation, mortality increases, so people usually do not cross the threshold of 46 years.
  3. Sierra Leone (46 years old). This republic survived a civil war that took the lives of 50 thousand people.
  4. Zimbabwe. The indicator is 46 years. This republic has a high mortality rate due to ulcers and HIV infection.
  5. Zambia. One of the poorest republics in Africa. Today in Zambia, residents do not even live to be 50 years old, and the average life expectancy is 46 years.
  6. Afghanistan. Life expectancy in this state was affected by the war, which maimed more than 80 thousand Afghan citizens. Today this state is characterized by a life expectancy of 47 years.
  7. Swaziland is a country with 26% of the population infected with HIV. It is from this disease that most of the inhabitants of Swaziland die. The second deadly disease that has eradicated the population of Swaziland is tuberculosis, which claims the lives of 18% of the population every year. In this African republic, people usually live up to 47 years.
  8. Congo is the country with the second highest infant mortality rate in the world. Residents in Congo typically live to be 47 years old.
  9. Mozambique. This African republic experienced a civil war that undermined the political system and destroyed the medical system. In Mozambique, people live to 48 years of age due to lack of health care.
  10. Burundi completes the ranking of countries with an indicator of 48 years. Over the past two decades, the republic has experienced a civil war that has left Burundi in ruins.
    Top 5 oldest inhabitants of the world on video.

Average life expectancy. The number of living people can also be interpreted as the number of person-years lived by the entire generation born in the age interval " x " Then, therefore,

Fig.6.4. Lifelines lx male and female population of the USSR, 1926-1927, 1958-1959, 1986-1987.

generation born l 0 will survive the first year of life (i.e. age 0) L 0 years, in the 2nd year - L i years, on the 3rd - l 2 years, etc., but in total:

Where T 0 - number of person-years that to come to live for this generation born.

If this sum of man-years is divided by the initial size of the generation, i.e. per number of births l 0 , then we get a very important social indicator, which is called the average life expectancy indicator.

Average life expectancy- this is the number of years that one person on average from a given generation of births will live, provided that throughout the life of this generation, mortality in each age group will remain unchanged at the level of the calculation period.

The life expectancy is calculated for newborns (or otherwise they say - life expectancy at birth) and for those who have reached a certain age "X".

In the form of formulas, the calculation of both averages can be presented as follows.

For newborns:

(6.5.9)

Since when calculating the average life expectancy for newborns, the basis of the mortality table l 0 = 1, it can be omitted, and finally this indicator is expressed as the sum of the numbers living in the life interval from the birth of a generation to its complete disappearance.

For people who have reached a certain age " x ", the calculation differs only in that the number of people surviving to age "X", the denominator of the fraction is already less than 1 and cannot be omitted.

(6.5.10)

Level of average life expectancy in Russia and its dynamics

According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia, the average life expectancy in the country in 1997 was 60.89 years for men and 72.75 years for women. After a sharp drop in this indicator in the first half of the 90s. - for men by almost 6.2 years, for women - by 3.1 years - in the last two years, life expectancy has begun to increase, and quite quickly. In just three years, 1995-1997, it increased by 3.3 years for men and 1.6 years for women. Perhaps this is not a short-term wave fluctuation, but the beginning of a new trend, evidence of our people overcoming the state of shock and adapting to the new economic and social realities of life. But still, the average life expectancy of our population remains relatively low compared to most economically developed countries and even a number of developing countries (see table 6.6).

In 1995, out of 196 countries for which the UN calculates average life expectancy (or receives data from countries), Russia ranked 140th in life expectancy for men and 100th in life expectancy for women. Such a lag cannot be justified by any “objective” reasons.

Table 6.6 Average life expectancy population (for newborns) in Russia and individual countries of the world in 1997

Countries

Infant mortality rate, ‰

Average life expectancye 0

Difference(years)

Men

Women

United Kingdom

Germany

Costa Rica

Argentina

South Korea

Life expectancy at birth by regions of Russia (expected) for 2015 (Updated 2019)

A list of Russian regions by life expectancy is presented: both sexes, men and women for 2015.
The longest life expectancy in Russia at birth for both sexes is in the Republic of Ingushetia - 80.05 years, followed by the city of Moscow - 76.77 years and the Republic of Dagestan - 76.39 years. Source: Rosstat.
Among men in Russia, the longest life expectancy at birth is in the Republic of Ingushetia - 76.51 years, followed by the Republic of Dagestan - 73.18 years (+1 position compared to last year) and the city of Moscow - 72.96 years (-1 position according to compared to last year).
Among women, the leader in life expectancy (expected) is the Republic of Ingushetia - 83.02 years, followed by the city of Moscow 80.36 and the Republic of Dagestan 79.47 years.

In Russia as a whole, life expectancy (expected) is71.39 years, men65.92 and in women76.71 years old.

The difference between men and women (in Russia as a whole): 10.79 years, that is, on average (according to calculated data on life expectancy) women live longer than men in Russia at 10.79 g.

Minimum difference in Chechen Republic - 6.09 g., in Republic of Ingushetia- 6.51 g. and Republic of Dagestan - 6.51 g.

Maximum difference in life expectancy between women and men inOryol region - 12.87 years.

Leading among Federal DistrictsNorth CaucasianFederal District with indicator 74.63 years for both sexes.

Operational information for 2019
New from 10/16/2019: According to the media (according to: “Over the eight months of this year, an increase in life expectancy was recorded to 73.6 years on average - by 0.7 years compared to 2018. For women, the average life expectancy exceeded 78.5 years. This happened thanks to the additional conservation of 34 thousand. lives. The overall mortality rate per 1 thousand people decreased by 3.1% compared to the same indicator in 2018."

New from 09/04/2019:According to the media (according toHead of the Ministry of Health Veronica Skvortsova): " In Russia, life expectancy for women increased to 78.5 years in seven months of 2019, for men - to 68.5 years." "WithThe rate of increase in life expectancy of Russians exceeds global indicators." "To live longer and stay healthy, you need to engage in disease prevention."

Operational information for 2018
New from 04/24/2019:According to the media (according toHead of the Ministry of Health Veronica Skvortsova)“In 2018, life expectancy in Russia reached its historical maximum, increasing for men by 0.3 years, for women by 0.2 years, and amounted to an average of 72.9 years,” the minister said.

Operational information for 2017
According to the media dated 04/12/2018:according to the report of the Ministry of Health " At the end of 2017, life expectancy in Russia increased to 72.7 years, and mortality in the country decreased. “In 2017, life expectancy was 72.7 years (an increase of 0.83 years compared to 2016 – 71.87 years).” "The increase in life expectancy affected both men and women. Men: 67.51 years (an increase of 1.01 years compared to 2016), women: 77.64 years (an increase of 0.58 years compared to 2016) ".

According to the media from 12/07/2017: according toMinister of Health of Russia:“In less than 2017, the life expectancy of Russians reached a national historical [maximum] of 72.6 years. At the same time, since 2005, life expectancy in the Russian Federation has increased by an average of 7.2 years. For men by 8.6 years, for women - for five years."

Life expectancy in Russia and countries of the world this year . See the summary table for 2014. .

Expected table life expectancy for 2015

№ Subject of RussiaBoth sexes↓MenWomenF - M
1 Republic of Ingushetia80,05 76,51 83,02 6,51
2 Moscow76,77 72,96 80,36 7,40
3 Republic of Dagestan76,39 73,18 79,47 6,29
North Caucasus Federal District74,63 70,42 78,55 8,13
4 Kabardino-Balkarian Republic74,61 69,82 79,10 9,28
5 Karachay-Cherkess Republic74,44 69,94 78,66 8,72
6 St. Petersburg74,42 69,83 78,38 8,55
7 Rep. North Ossetia - Alania74,20 68,62 79,42 10,80
8 Chechen Republic73,45 70,35 76,44 6,09
9 Stavropol region73,36 68,61 77,82 9,21
10 Republic of Tatarstan72,81 67,05 78,38 11,33
Central Federal District72,72 67,49 77,71 10,22
11 Belgorod region72,61 67,33 77,73 10,40
12 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra72,58 67,57 77,47 9,90
13 Krasnodar region72,53 67,55 77,35 9,80
14 Moscow region72,26 67,05 77,12 10,07
15 Republic of Adygea72,22 66,88 77,51 10,63
16 Republic of Kalmykia72,15 67,01 77,31 10,30
Southern Federal District (since 2010)72,13 67,05 77,06 10,01
17 Penza region72,12 66,47 77,58 11,11
18 Republic of Mordovia72,06 66,49 77,54 11,05
19 Volgograd region71,98 66,68 77,13 10,45
20 Rostov region71,90 66,90 76,73 9,83
21 Tyumen region71,76 66,47 77,01 10,54
22 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug71,70 66,90 76,37 9,47
Northwestern Federal District71,70 66,28 76,83 10,55
23 Voronezh region71,67 65,66 77,70 12,04
24 Tambov region71,67 65,90 77,51 11,61
25 Ryazan region71,46 65,72 77,08 11,36
26 Saratov region71,40 65,83 76,78 10,95
Russian Federation71,39 65,92 76,71 10,79
27 Astrakhan region71,36 66,10 76,58 10,48
28 Chuvash Republic71,35 65,53 77,24 11,71
29 Tomsk region71,25 65,94 76,46 10,52
30 Leningrad region71,23 65,84 76,60 10,76
31 Kirov region71,11 65,20 77,09 11,89
32 Lipetsk region71,07 65,26 76,77 11,51
33 Nenets Autonomous Okrug71,00 65,22 76,90 11,68
34 Yaroslavl region70,98 64,95 76,69 11,74
35 Novosibirsk region70,86 65,08 76,60 11,52
36 Kursk region70,80 64,81 76,78 11,97
37 Kaluga region70,73 65,13 76,28 11,15
38 Arkhangelsk region70,71 64,85 76,60 11,75
Volga Federal District70,71 64,83 76,55 11,72
39 Ivanovo region70,62 64,71 76,14 11,43
40 Kaliningrad region70,58 65,50 75,40 9,90
41 Ulyanovsk region70,46 64,50 76,45 11,95
42 Udmurt Republic70,46 64,24 76,64 12,40
43 Altai region70,44 64,97 75,84 10,87
44 Omsk region70,41 64,56 76,17 11,61
45 Vologda region70,40 64,38 76,47 12,09
46 Kostroma region70,38 64,94 75,68 10,74
47 Oryol region70,38 63,96 76,83 12,87
Ural Federal District70,38 64,55 76,15 11,60
48 Bryansk region70,36 64,32 76,37 12,05
49 Samara region70,35 64,34 76,28 11,94
50 Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)70,29 64,94 75,84 10,90
51 Murmansk region70,24 64,48 75,72 11,24
52 Nizhny Novgorod region70,17 64,05 76,14 12,09
53 Republic of Bashkortostan70,08 64,31 76,03 11,72
54 Tula region70,06 64,01 76,01 12,00
55 Chelyabinsk region69,90 63,94 75,75 11,81
56 Sverdlovsk region69,83 63,75 75,83 12,08
57 Vladimir region69,82 63,86 75,59 11,73
58 Republic of Mari El69,80 63,52 76,36 12,84
59 Smolensk region69,74 64,08 75,34 11,26
60 Krasnoyarsk region69,69 64,01 75,34 11,33
61 Orenburg region69,63 63,87 75,47 11,60
62 Komi Republic69,40 63,26 75,66 12,40
Siberian Federal District69,31 63,59 75,02 11,43
63 Primorsky Krai69,21 64,04 74,58 10,54
64 Republic of Karelia69,16 62,86 75,50 12,64
65 Republic of Buryatia69,15 63,73 74,54 10,81
66 Tver region69,10 63,33 74,85 11,52
67 Perm region69,09 63,08 75,09 12,01
68 Kurgan region69,03 62,82 75,51 12,69
69 Khabarovsk region68,72 63,21 74,36 11,15
70 Novgorod region68,70 62,47 74,93 12,46
71 Republic of Khakassia68,68 63,40 73,83 10,43
Far Eastern Federal District68,68 63,28 74,35 11,07
72 Kamchatka region68,56 63,26 74,41 11,15
73 Pskov region68,48 62,78 74,27 11,49
74 Altai Republic68,44 62,82 74,19 11,37
75 Kemerovo region68,31 62,32 74,32 12,00
76 Magadan region68,11 63,17 73,42 10,25
77 Sakhalin region67,99 62,35 74,07 11,72
78 Irkutsk region67,37 61,31 73,48 12,17
79 Transbaikal region67,34 61,92 73,03 11,11
80 Amur region67,27 61,64 73,26 11,62
81 Jewish auto. region65,04 59,12 71,47 12,35
82 Chukotka Autonomous Okrug64,16 59,35 69,69 10,34
83 Republic of Tyva63,13 58,05 68,29 10,24

Today we will talk about the life expectancy of people in different countries of the world and compare it with Russia.

Every person at least once in his life thought about living forever. Of course, no one has yet been able to realize such a desire, but there are a lot of centenarians in the world. Even humanity as a whole began to live much longer than our distant ancestors. Previously, the age of about 40 years was considered the end of life, but today the average life expectancy is approximately 70 years.

Life expectancy in Russia

In 2015, WHO (World Health Organization) compiled a list of countries with life expectancy for the entire country, for men and for women. Russia ranks 110th on this list with an average life expectancy of 70.5 years. It is noteworthy that for women this figure is much higher - more than 10 years.

Women in Russia live on average 76.3 years, men - 64.7. Many attribute this to the fact that most of the country’s male population is negligent about their own health and safety measures in extreme situations. While women, on the contrary, strive to stay “in shape” longer, adhering to a healthier lifestyle.

Japan is a country of long-livers

This is where they really care about living as long as possible. Japan is the world leader in life expectancy. According to the same rating, this figure is 83.7 years. Separately for men and women it was 80.5 years and 86.8 years, respectively. O. It is the female population of Japan that ranks first in life expectancy in the world.

Why does Japan have the palm? For many centuries, the Japanese have been concerned about their body and health. Most Japanese people follow a healthy lifestyle and eat healthy food. Few people here overeat in one meal or prefer chips to vegetables.

The result of this lifestyle is obvious: outwardly, the Japanese also look much younger than their years for a very long time. It is often impossible to determine the age of a middle-aged person. This also affects health: thanks to dietary food, internal organs are less susceptible to disease, and heart attacks occur less often.

European countries

Almost half of European countries are in the top ten of the WHO rankings. Thus, Switzerland (83.4 years) is in second place after Japan, followed by Germany (83.1 years), occupying second and third place in the ranking.

Also present here:

— Spain is in 5th place with an indicator of 82.8 years;
— Iceland in 6th place - 82.7 years;
— Italy in 7th place - 82.7 years;
— France in 9th place -82.4 years;
— Sweden closes the top ten with an indicator of 82.4 years.

As you can see from the list, life expectancy in these countries is almost the same. Experts attribute this primarily to a well-developed healthcare system. In countries such as Germany, Switzerland, France, Sweden, medicine has reached the highest level, which makes it possible to effectively prevent and treat a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Thanks to this, in many European countries it is possible to prolong the lives of thousands of people prone to various diseases.

The quality of food and the environment are also important factors. Europe has very high standards for the quality and safety of all food products. Therefore, it is easy to find truly healthy food here. Even products such as fatty cheeses, sausages and the like are made from high-quality raw materials, which are carefully controlled by law.

The ecology of countries located near the Mediterranean Sea - Spain, France, Italy - has a positive impact on life expectancy. Due to the mild climate, cases of respiratory and pulmonary diseases and heart disease are less common here.

The culinary habits and traditions of these countries also contribute to increasing life expectancy. The presence of a large number of vegetables, fruits, and natural products in the diet ensures the smooth functioning of the body. This directly affects your overall health, quality and length of life.

All this together creates excellent conditions for the long life of the peoples of these countries.

Australia - 4th place in the WHO ranking

Having diluted the European countries, Australia entered the top ten of the ranking. The country, seemingly cut off from the rest of the world, is also famous for its life expectancy, the average of which was 82.8 years in 2015.

Australia is isolated from the world, does not participate in wars and has nothing to share with its neighbors, because they are far away. In view of this, life here is quite calm and measured, and the people are exclusively concerned with their own lives. This may be one of the reasons for the longevity of Australians. By the way, the difference between men and women is not so great: 80.9 and 84.8, respectively.

The climate in this part of the world is also favorable: mild winters and moderately warm summers. Many Australians are engaged in farming, growing organic products: organic food helps to improve and maintain health for many years. In addition, healthcare is well developed here.

Does quantity mean quality?

The most populous countries are also included in the WHO ranking list. Although they did not take a leading position in life expectancy. As a rule, in these countries the birth rate exceeds the death rate, which is why the population grows. But it does not always depend on life expectancy. In some cases it is much lower than the population of the country.

Breakthrough in increasing life expectancy in China

China is one of the most numerous and interesting countries in terms of increasing life expectancy. Despite the fact that it exceeds all others in population, it was only in 54th place with an indicator of 76.1 years (74.6 for men and 77.6 for women). Nevertheless, this is already a great achievement for the country.

The fact is that not so long ago, in 1949, this figure was only 35 years. This age was the average throughout the populous country. The government became seriously concerned about this problem and began to take development measures. The state managed to correct the situation by creating the world's largest social security system.

The government has made a great contribution to the development of the country, thanks to which the poverty level has decreased many times: more than 700 million people have moved from a poor social level to a moderately prosperous one. According to statistics, this is 70% of the entire world population that has escaped poverty.

For more than 50 years, all spheres of public life have developed in the country - culture, education, economics, healthcare. There has been a great improvement in the health sector, which has reduced the number of diseases in all age groups. Separately, a cooperative rural health care system has been created, which has improved the situation among the population employed in rural industry.

A lot of attention is paid to environmental safety. Considerable resources have been invested to ensure environmental standards in China's major cities and rural regions.

Thanks to the combination of all these factors, life expectancy in China has been able to rise so quickly in a relatively short period. This is the biggest leap in the world.

Life expectancy in India

The situation in the world's second most populous country is radically different from China. There is a very high birth rate here, which is not regulated in any way. Moreover, the following trend is noted: the higher the social status of the family, the fewer children are born in it. Accordingly, the maximum birth rate occurs in the lower strata of the population. And in them, unfortunately, infant mortality is very high, and diseases are common that do not allow people to live to old age.

As a result of this imbalance, the number of population in the country does not depend in any way on life expectancy, which, according to the rating in question, is 68.3 years. Thus, India ranks 125th in the list.

Summing up

Summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that life expectancy directly depends on:

- lifestyle of the majority of the population;
— the level of development of healthcare in the country;
— quality of food and water;
— environmental situation;
— the level of general development of the country as a whole and its population.

It is important to emphasize that the more sensitive the people themselves are to their own health, the longer they can live in this world. Therefore, life expectancy in a country depends not only on the quality of medical development, but also on the lifestyle of each of us.

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