Is it necessary to protect the surface of our region? Presentation on the topic "The earth's surface of our region"
Lesson summary of the surrounding world in 4th grade
Subject:The surface of our region.
(textbook by Pleshakov A.A. “ The world around us»)
Lesson objectives:
To form in students an idea of the surface of their native land. Learn to work with a map.
Introduce students to the concepts: ravine, beam, quarry, waste heaps, landfill. Talk about the reasons for their appearance and measures to combat them.
To develop children’s cognitive activity, observation, ability to analyze and draw conclusions.
Foster a caring attitude towards nature.
Equipment:
Textbook by Pleshakov A.A. "The world around us";
Presentation “The surface of our region”;
Handout material.
Lesson progress
1. Organizational moment
Good afternoon, guys. Close all your eyes and listen to me:
Everything is beautiful in the sky,
Beautiful on earth
Everything is wonderful around
Everything about me is wonderful!
They opened their eyes, looked at each other, smiled, and sat down quietly.
The sun is shining over Russia,
And the rains rustle over it.
In the whole world, in the whole world
There is no country closer to her!
Why are there no native countries in the whole world? (Russia is our Motherland, the country in which we live. This is our home, which is impossible not to love )
2. Updating knowledge
I suggest you go on an expedition today. Are you against this proposal? What should you take with you on an expedition?(Children's answers.)
Now you are ready. You will try to determine the purpose of our expedition yourself. First, remember what you already know in order to apply this knowledge during the expedition. Think about what expedition members should carefully study before setting off?(Your route.)
Slide 2
Guys, look carefully at the physical map of Russia. What kind of terrain do you see here?(On the territory of Russia there are mountains and plains. Among the plains there are lowlands, hills, or hills, and plateaus.)
How can all this be determined from the map?(By convention - by color.)
What color are these objects indicated on the map?(Plains are green, hills are yellow, plateaus are light brown.)
Our expedition members will now split into three groups to explore the plains of Russia. Each of you takes a card that indicates the geographical feature being explored and joins your group.
(The names of the plains are indicated on the cards: Eastern European, Western Siberian, Central Siberian Plateau .)
Discuss in groups where your property is located and what you can tell about it using a physical map.
And now a representative from each group shows his object on the map, names it and reports the prepared information.
(The names of the plains appear on the map, the correctness of the answers is checked.)
Where is the territory of our region located?(The territory of the Moscow region is located on the East European Plain.)
Slide 3
- Expedition membersWell done, they gave us accurate information. This means that each of you will be able to help one unlucky foreign tourist who, while traveling around Russia, took a lot of interesting photographs, but now can’t figure them out. What kind of photographs do you think a tourist could take in our region?
(1, 3, 5.)
Why did you decide this?(These photographs show a rolling plain. This is the topography of our area.)
Slide 4
Let's continue our research. Discuss in groups the answer to the question on the slide: “What are the similarities and differences between these geographical objects?” Prepare to make a message.(Hills and mountains have a base, a slope, and a peak. A mountain and a hill differ in height.)
Slide 5
To be more precise, the height of the lowlands is up to 200 m, the heights of the hills are 200-500 m, the plateaus are 500-800 m, and the height of the mountains is over 800 m.
Slide 6
What symbol will help you find a mountain on a map?(Mountains are indicated on the map in brown. The higher the mountains, the darker the color.)
Remember and discuss in groups which mountains are located in Russia.
Expedition groups set off along their route and prepare reports about their objects: 1 group goes on an expedition to the Caucasus Mountains, 2 group to the Ural Mountains, 3 group to the Sayan and Altai Mountains.
Discuss in groups where your property is located and what you can tell about it using a physical map.
(On the map, by clicking, the names of the mountains appear, the correctness of the answers is checked.)
Slide 7
How did you feel looking at these photographs?(How beautiful our country is.)
3. Goal setting
Slide 8
Discuss in groups the answer to the question on the slide: how do people use the territory of our region?
Who's ready to speak up?(Cities, villages, villages are being built on the territory of our region; roads are being laid; lands are being cultivated.)
Slide 9
Look carefully at these photographs. What do you see on them? (An abandoned quarry, a garbage dump, a ravine, some ugly mountains).
How do you feel when looking at these photographs?(Disappointment, sadness, indignation at what people have done on earth.)
Guys, such places on Earth are the pain of the planet, these are its wounds. We often talk about the importance of protecting rare plants and animals, water and air. Is it necessary to protect the surface of the earth?
Why is this so important to us?(Children's answers)
What will be the main goal of our expedition?
What interested you when you studied the photographs on this slide? What questions would you like answered?(How do such wounds appear on the surface of the earth? Is it possible to fix all this?)
4. Discovery of new knowledge
Slide 10
Our next study will be carried out on a hilly plain. Here, in addition to the hills, we can find a ravine and a ravine. I propose to explore these objects using a slide and compare them.
( A ravine and a ravine are similar in that they have slopes. But the slopes of the ravine are steep and crumbling. And the slopes of the beam are gentle, overgrown with grass, trees, and shrubs . )
Try to explain how they appear on the surface of the earth.
(Education ravine begins with a small pothole, a groove on the surface of the soil. Streams of melt and rainwater erode it, and therefore the ravine gradually increases in size. At the same time, it destroys large areas of fertile soil.
Over time (after many years), the slopes of the ravine become gentle and overgrown with grass, shrubs, and trees. The ravine stops growing. So he turns into beam.)
I suggest checking the correctness of your versions.
Slide 11
In the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve there is Golosov Ravine. Look at the photo.
Slide 12
Why do you think it is called that?(Children's answers.)
- The name “Voices” is derived from Volos. That is, named after Bolos (Beleca) - the pagan Slavic god of the underworld and the other world. The stones in Kolomenskoye, lying at the bottom, served as a place of sacrifice to this deity.
Slide 13
Look at these illustrations and try to determine what else is one of the reasons for the formation of a ravine?
Which group is ready to tell us about this?
Who wants to complement the answer of their comrades or express a different point of view?
( Another reason for the appearance of a ravine is improper plowing of the land.)
Think about why improper plowing can lead to the appearance of a ravine?(Rain and melt water flows down the furrows from the top of the hill and erodes the soil.)
What advice would you give to a tractor driver who is plowing land on a hilly plain?
( Plowing land on a hilly plain can only be done across the slope; in this case, the furrows will retain water and the water will not erode the soil. )
Slide 14
Discuss in groups what is a quarry and how is it formed?
Which group is ready to tell us about this?
Who wants to complement the answer of their comrades or express a different point of view?
(Career - This is a huge wound on the surface of the earth. Once upon a time, sand, clay, limestone, coal and other minerals were mined in the quarry. After the end of development, the quarry remained abandoned.)
Slide 15
Discuss in groups what a landfill is and how it is formed?
Which group is ready to tell us about this?
Who wants to express a different point of view or complement the answer of their comrades?
(Landfill is a place on the ground occupied by construction waste: broken bricks, glass fragments, slabs, and many others. Landfills appear near construction sites. Builders dump the remains of building materials there.)
You have explored objects that become earth wounds. Who will remind us main goal our expedition?(Carefully study the problems that have arisen on the surface of our region and discuss measures to protect it.)
I propose to discuss measures to protect the surface of our region in groups. You will see tasks for groups on the slide.
Slide 16
(After the discussion, students speak out and check the information withslides 17, 18, 19 .)
Slide 20
Look at the unusual mountains that appeared on our planet due to the fault of man. Such mountains are calledwaste heaps . How do you think they were formed?
(Children's answers.)
What source is available to you to check the correctness of your assumptions?(In the textbook.)
Use this source to check.
(Children's answers.)
Waste heaps actually formed from waste (waste rock) during mining. Unfortunately, they do not decorate our planet at all, but on the contrary, they disfigure it. Plus they cause harm. environment. Think about how?
(The teacher asks leading questions: what will happen if a strong wind blows, if the waste heap catches fire, if it rains heavily?)
Do you think it is possible to fight this? What would you suggest to solve this problem?
Slide 21
5. Primary consolidation
Slide 22
Game “Get to know me” (in groups). Each correct answer is worth one point.
I have a sole and a slope, and my top rose so high into the sky that I even had to wear a white hat. (Mountain)
I also have a bottom, a gentle slope and a top. (Hill)
Man created me, I spread clouds of dust and can burn. (Storage waste heaps)
I am a depression in the earth's surface, I have a gentle slope, I am covered with grass and bushes. (Beam)
I am on the edge of a field, and I was formed from improper plowing of the land. (Ravine)
6. Reflection
What important issues did we discuss today?
Were you able to get answers to them?
And now I invite you to evaluate your work.
Slide 23
There are smiley faces on your desk. Please show megreen emoticons for those who succeeded in the lesson,yellow – there were mistakes, but I corrected everything,red – I didn’t do well.
Guys, I am sure that when you grow up, you will try to do everything to make our native land even more beautiful, and there will be no such places that cause pain and resentment in the soul.
Grading.
6. Homework.
I also suggest you complete a creative task: write an appeal to residents about how they should use the surface of our region to preserve it for future generations.
Goals:
- To form in students an idea of the surface of their native land.
- Learn to work with a map.
- To develop children’s cognitive activity, observation, ability to analyze and draw conclusions.
Equipment: physical map of the region, photographs of ravines, quarries, landfills.
Lesson progress
1. Organizational moment, communication of the topic and goals of the lesson
The sun is shining over Russia,
And the rains rustle over it.
In the whole world, in the whole world
There is no country closer to her!
Why are there no native countries in the whole world? ( Russia is our Motherland, the country in which we live. This is our home, which is impossible not to love )
Today I invite you on a journey through our native land. We will cover the territory of our region from east to west and from north to south.
2. Working on a new topic
We have a companion with whom we will travel.
Find out!
good, good,
He looks at all the people
And to people for themselves
Doesn't tell me to look.
(Sun )
Of course it's the sun! It will travel with us around our country, or rather, we will be its companions.
Let's begin our journey.
(The Sun is fixed over the East European Plain).
Where are we now? What can you tell by studying the map?
(We stopped at the East European Plain. It is a plain because on the map it is depicted in light green. And there are yellow spots on it, like patches).
Let's try to unlock the secret of yellow spots (view slides).
What special thing did you notice about the topography of this plain? (Here the surface is uneven, there are hills)
So what is the secret of yellow spots? (These are hills).
Yes. These are highlands and hills, which is why this plain is called "hilly plain".
And now we are on our way to the capital of our Motherland. (The sun is fixed over Moscow).
In the European part of Russia, between the Oka and Volga rivers, we see a bright circle - this is how the capital of Russia, Moscow, is designated. The Moscow region is located around Moscow. Its borders are shown in yellow.
The Moscow region is located very conveniently - in the center of land and river roads that run from north to south and from west to east. Moscow is not only the capital of Russia, but also the main city, the regional center of the Moscow region.
The Moscow region covers an area of 4,700 square kilometers. This is more than the territory of such European states as Belgium, Denmark or Holland. The Moscow region borders seven regions.
Guys, look at the map of the Moscow region, show and name these seven regions. ( Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, Smolensk, Tver regions).
Guys, look at the map and determine what surface forms there are in the region, what they are called.
(The sun is fixed in the northwestern part of the Moscow region).
Children:
The surface of the Moscow region is mostly flat and is part of the East European Hilly Plain. The highest, hilly part of the Moscow region is the northwestern and western. Here is Smolensk-Moscow what a hilly plain, upland. On this hill, the hills seem to form a chain, a ridge. On On the territory of the Moscow region, this ridge is called Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya.
Guys, I want to add.
Indeed, the Moscow region is located in the center of the East European Plain. The north of the region is occupied by the swampy Upper Volga Lowland. To the south of it is the hilly Smolensk-Moscow Upland. Here, near the town of Uvarovka is located highest point of the region (310 m above sea level). The northwestern edge of this hill is known as the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge. Rivers that originate north of it flow into the Volga, and those that begin to the south flow into the Oka (with the exception of Yakhroma).
Guys, where is our sun located? (Our sunshine located in the south of our region).
Using the height scale, determine which surface shapes are to the south. What are they called?
Children:
The southwestern and southern parts of the region are occupied by the slightly hilly Moskvoretsko-Oka Plain, on which a small hill stands out - Teplostanskaya.
You said that the southwestern part of the Moscow region is occupied by the Moskvoretsko-Oka Plain. It includes the Teplostanskaya Upland, on which it is located the highest point in Moscow is 253 m.
Guys, is our sun located?( in the north east). What is the surface like in this area of the region?
Children:
The north and east of the region are occupied by flat plains. In the east, this plain is very swampy and is part of the Meshcherskaya lowlands, Meshchera.
The Klyazma River in Vladimirskaya Meshchera G . Cockerels
Well done, guys! Everything you said is correct. I would only like to add that the Meshchera Lowland, Meshchera, is a vast plain located in the Central federal district, occupying the eastern part of the Moscow region, the southern - Vladimir and northern - Ryazan regions. According to this, they distinguish: the Moscow Meshchera, the Vladimir Meshchera and the Ryazan Meshchera. In the north of the lowland, the altitude above sea level is 120 - 130 meters, decreasing to 80 - 100 meters in the southern part of the lowland. In the center of the lowland from the city of Yegoryevsk to the city of Kasimov stretches a small hill composed of sands and loams - the Meshchersky ridge, its average height is about 140 m and its maximum is 171.8 m (Aryushina near the village of Savinskoye Orekhovo - Zuevsky district).
3. Physical education minute
The wind blows in our faces
The tree swayed.
The wind is quieter, quieter, quieter,
The tree is getting higher and higher.
4. Continuation of a new topic
The surface of the Moscow region is composed mainly of sand and clay. These substances are easily washed away by water. Therefore, there are many ravines throughout our region. How are ravines formed? (Children's answers).
Ravines destroy fertile lands. This causes great harm to the economy, which is why people are fighting against ravines.
Name several methods of dealing with ravines.
Paramonovsky ravine
There are a lot of ravines in our region. One ravine is located in our area, near the Klyazma River in the territory of the city of Korolev.
What is the surface of Moscow like? Look at the map of Moscow ( By Most of the surface is flat.)
Right. Most of it is flat, heavily swampy plain. Vast and especially marshy swamps occupied the entire eastern part of Moscow. On the site of modern Teatralnaya and Revolution squares there was a swamp called Pogany Brod. The territory of the modern All-Russian Exhibition Center was very swampy. Only the southern part of Moscow is a hilly Teplostanskaya plain, which turns into the Vorobyovy Gory closer to the center. But these are not real mountains, but one of the highest places in Moscow. The widespread belief that Moscow stands on seven hills is not entirely accurate. These are just elevated, steep river banks. For example, Borovitsky and Vagankovsky (the building of the Russian State Public Library is located on it - the Pashkov House) hills are located above the Moscow River, Tagansky - above the Yauza, Trekhgorny - above the Presnya River.
5. Consolidation
- What is a plain?
- Which plain is shown in this diagram?
- Name the reasons for the appearance of the ravine.
- How do you feel when looking at these photographs? (I suggest looking at photographs of vacant lots and abandoned quarries).
6. Summing up
- What did we learn about in class today?
- What do we call our native land?
- Where is our region located?
- What is the surface of our area?
- What harm does the ravine bring to people?
The surface of the Perm region is heterogeneous.
In the west and in the central part there is the hilly Russian Plain: in places it is cut by ravines and crossed by river valleys. In the northeast and east there are ancient Ural Mountains.
The highest mountain is Tulym stone, whose height is 1469 m above sea level.
Rocks in the Urals are called rocks that rise sharply above the rest of the area.
The mountains of the Middle Urals are quite destroyed. Their tops are rounded, dome-shaped, and their height is insignificant.
Between the Russian Plain and the Ural Mountains there is a low-lying plain. It is composed mainly of gypsum and limestone. These rocks are easily eroded and dissolved by groundwater and river waters. As a result of their destructive joint action, caves, underground rivers, lakes, sinkholes, and underground voids were formed here. So, to the southeast of Perm there are many caves.
The largest of them is Kungur Ice Cave, known not only in our region, but also far beyond its borders. The length of the Kungur Ice Cave is more than five kilometers.
This is an underground palace! The sun's rays do not penetrate here, so even in summer the temperature remains below zero. Drops of water, seeping through cracks, form icicles that grow from top to bottom (they are called stalactites) and from bottom to top (they are called stalagmites). In the rays of colored lanterns, all this sparkles, creating an amazingly bright picture.
The cave consists of many grottoes and passages. Cave grottoes have different names: “Polar” (here is the kingdom of ice). "Meteor", "Coral", "Ethereal".
The most beautiful of them is " Diamond Grotto", ice crystals that shine and sparkle even in the light of lit fires.
There are also dark places in the cave, such as a grotto " Dante“- a stone monster seemed to be lurking in its depths.
And in the grotto" Friendship of peoples"There is a large underground lake, it is located at a depth of about 1300 m and three meters deep, which is possible to see, since the water is crystal clear, and has a natural greenish tint, but is very cold.
Every year curious tourists come here to see this amazing underground palace, and even meet New Year with a live Christmas tree. Amazing fact - in the grotto " Giant“A Christmas tree can stand without falling off without water all year round or more.
There is such an amazing cave in the Perm region. Its fabulous beauty remains in the memory for a long time.
100 km south-east of the city of Perm is Orda Cave.
What is its peculiarity?
This is the longest underwater cave in Russia, the second longest in Eurasia and the longest underwater cave in the world in gypsum.
Orda Cave is a unique underwater city. Here huge amount underground galleries, which can be seen thanks to the clear water.
Explorers, geologists, geographers, biologists, studying karst phenomena of the Urals, carry out constant observations in caves and their environs.
According to scientists, four-fifths of the territory of our region is rolling plains and one fifth - mountains.
Flat surface is more convenient for agriculture, forestry, construction industrial enterprises, roads and residential complexes. Mountains, ravines, and karst formations create difficulties in human economic activity. They interfere with road construction and industrial facilities, agriculture and mining. However, many of them are amazingly beautiful and majestic objects, such as Chuvalsky stone.
|
Chuvalsky Stone Ridge Sawtooth ledge on the western slope The Kuryksar ridge corresponds to the Mansi The name is “cockscomb”. |
Mount Munin-Tump Volcanic rocks of the Chuval Formation are often armored Relief and impart the peaks have a characteristic appearance Ruined cities. |
Enable Effects
1 of 22
Disable effects
View similar
Embed code
VKontakte
Classmates
Telegram
Reviews
Add your review
Abstract for the presentation
The presentation "The Earth's Surface of Our Region" describes options for using the surface of the earth's crust by humans (ploughing, quarries, landfills, etc.), as well as environmental problems arising from human activities, the dangers they cause and possible options struggle.
- Physical map of Russia;
- Mountains and plains of Russia;
- Human use of the earth's surface;
- Ravine and beam;
- Quarries and waste heaps;
- Landfills.
To conduct a lesson by a teacher
Format
pptx (powerpoint)
Number of slides
Skorokhod N.V.
Audience
Words
Abstract
Present
Purpose
Slide 1
Slide 2
Physical map of Russia
Slide 3
Plains of Russia
- East European Plain
- West Siberian Plain
- Central Siberian Plateau
Slide 4
rolling plain
Slide 5
Mountains of Russia
- Ural Mountains
- Caucasus Mountains
- Altai
- Sayan Mountains
Slide 6
- Sayan Mountains
- Caucasus Mountains
- Altai
- Ural Mountains
Slide 7
How people use the surface of our region
- Build cities and villages
- They are laying roads
- cultivating the land
Slide 8
Nature's pain
Slide 9
- Ravine - steep, crumbling slopes.
- Balka - gentle slopes overgrown with grass, bushes and trees.
Slide 10
How a ravine and a beam are formed
- The formation of a ravine begins with a small pothole, a groove on the surface of the soil. Streams of melt and rainwater erode it, and therefore the ravine gradually increases in size.
- Over time (after many years), the slopes of the ravine become gentle, overgrown with grass, bushes, and forests. The ravine stops growing. So it turns into a beam.
Slide 11
Slide 12
How ravines are formed
One of the reasons for the formation of ravines is improper plowing of the land!
Slide 13
How to properly plow the soil on slopes
Plowing can only be done across slopes.
Slide 14
Fighting ravines
- Small ditches are filled in and grass is sown.
- Low fences made of willow stakes and twigs are placed across a small ravine. Over time, the stakes become stronger and form a reliable living barrier to water flows.
- Trees and shrubs are planted along the edges and slopes of the ravine.
Slide 15
Career
Slide 16
How can you use an abandoned quarry?
- Fill up the quarry and triple the field or plant a forest in this place.
- You can turn it into a pond and raise fish in it.
Slide 17
Terricons
Problems:
- They spread clouds of dust around themselves (they pollute the air)
- Lights up (spreads acrid smoke)
- They poison the soil and water bodies (contaminated water flows after rains)
Slide 18
Measures to combat waste heaps
- The waste heaps are leveled, soil is brought in and plants are planted.
- Valuable substances are extracted from waste heap rocks.
Slide 19
Dump
Slide 20
Why are landfills dangerous?
- They occupy vast areas of land.
- They pollute the air and soil.
- They light up.
Measures to combat landfills:
- Sorting and recycling of waste at special plants.
- They level it, cover it with soil, and plant plants.
Slide 21
Game "Get to know me"
Slide 22
Resources used
- Physical map of Russia.
- Textbook by A.A. Pleshakov “The world around us”, 4th grade.
- http://site/
View all slides
Abstract
Primary school teacher:
Lesson objectives:
Equipment:
Lesson progress
1. Organizational moment
The topic and objectives of the lesson are communicated.
2. Testing knowledge and skills
Slide 2
Slide 3, 4
)
Slide 5,6.
Slide 7
3. Working on a new topic
Slide 8
Slide 9.10
(This is a hilly plain.)
. .)
ravine
beam.
Slide 11
)
Slide 12, 13
)
Slide 14
.)
Slide 15,16
B) Career
Slide 17,18
waste heaps
Why are waste heaps dangerous? )
Slide 19.20
G) Dump
4. Consolidation of what has been learned
Slide 21
Game "Get to know me"
I have a sole and a slope, and my top rose so high into the sky that I even had to wear a white hat. (Mountain)
I also have a bottom, a gentle slope and a top. (Hill)
Man created me, I spread clouds of dust and can burn. (Storage waste heaps)
I am a depression in the earth's surface, I have a gentle slope, I am covered with grass and bushes. (Beam)
I am on the edge of a field, and it was formed from improper plowing of the land. (Ravine)
5. Lesson summary.
6. Homework.
Summary of a lesson on the surrounding world in 4th grade on the topic “The surface of our region” using a presentation (based on the textbook by Pleshakov A.A. “The World Around us”)
Primary school teacher:
Lesson objectives:
To form in students an idea of the surface of their native land. Learn to work with a map.
Introduce students to the concepts: ravine, beam, quarry, waste heaps, landfill. Talk about the reasons for their appearance and measures to combat them.
To develop children’s cognitive activity, observation, ability to analyze and draw conclusions.
Foster a caring attitude towards nature.
Equipment:
Textbook by Pleshakov A.A. "The world around us."
Presentation “The surface of our region.”
Lesson progress
1. Organizational moment
The topic and objectives of the lesson are communicated.
2. Testing knowledge and skills
Slide 2
Guys, look carefully at the physical map of Russia. What relief do you see on the physical map of Russia? (On the territory of Russia there are lowlands, plains, plateaus and mountains.)
Slide 3, 4
- Show on the map the plains and plateaus of Russia.
What color are they indicated on the map? (Plains – green, hills – yellow, plateaus – light brown)
Where is the territory of our region located? (The territory of our region is located on the East European Plain)
What landforms are found here? (The East European Plain contains plains and hills)
Tell us about the structure of the hills. (Hills have a base, a slope, and a top.)
A mountain also has a base, a slope and a peak. How is it different from a hill? (A mountain and a hill differ in height.)
To be more precise, the height of the plains and lowlands is from 0-200 m, the heights of the hills are 200-500 m, and the plateaus are 500-800 m.
Slide 5,6.
What mountains are there in Russia? Show them on the map.
Slide 7
How is the territory of our region used? (Cities, villages, villages are being built; roads are being laid; lands are being cultivated.)
3. Working on a new topic
Slide 8
Look carefully at the photographs (wastelands, abandoned quarries, landfills in ravines, waste heaps). How do you feel when looking at these photographs? (Disappointment, sadness, etc.)
Guys, such places on Earth are the pain of the planet. You and I know about the protection of rare plants and animals, about the protection of water and air. Is it necessary to preserve the surface of the earth? (Children's answers)
What would you do to ensure that there are no such places on Earth? (Children's answers)
Today we will try to find out where they come from on our planet?
Slide 9.10
A) You and I live on the East European Plain. How is it characterized? (This is a hilly plain.)
On a hilly plain we can encounter a ravine and a ravine . Look at the illustrations of the ravine and the beam and compare them. ( The ravine and the ravine have slopes. The slopes of the ravine are steep and crumbling. The slopes of the beam are gentle, overgrown with grass, trees, and shrubs.)
How do you think a ravine is formed? (Education ravine begins with a small pothole, a groove on the surface of the soil. Streams of melt and rainwater erode it, and therefore the ravine gradually increases in size. At the same time, it destroys large areas of fertile soil.)
Over time (after many years), the slopes of the ravine become gentle and overgrown with grass, shrubs, and trees. The ravine stops growing. So he turns into beam.
Slide 11
Do you think there are many ravines and gullies in our area? ( There is a Golosovaya ravine in the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve. Let's take a look at it.)
Slide 12, 13
Another reason for the appearance of a ravine is improper plowing of the land. Compare illustrations. How can improper plowing lead to the appearance of a ravine? ( Plowing of land on a hilly plain can only be done across the slope, so that rain and melt water does not wash the soil along the furrows.)
Slide 14
What gully control methods would you take? � (- Small potholes are filled in and grass is sown.
- Low fences made of willow stakes and twigs are placed across a small ravine. Over time, the stakes become stronger and form a reliable living barrier to water flows.
- Trees and shrubs are planted along the edges and slopes of the ravine.)
Slide 15,16
B) Career- This is a huge wound on the surface of the earth. Once upon a time, sand, clay, limestone, coal and other minerals were mined in the quarry. After the end of development, the quarry remained abandoned.
How can you use it? (Fill up the quarry and triple the field or plant a forest in this place; you can turn it into a pond and raise fish in it)
Slide 17,18
C) Look at the unusual mountains that appeared on our planet due to the fault of man. Such mountains are called waste heaps. They were formed from waste (waste rock) during mining.
Unfortunately, they do not decorate our planet at all, but on the contrary, they disfigure it.
Why are waste heaps dangerous? (They occupy fertile lands and pollute the air and water.)
How do people deal with them? (The waste heaps are leveled, soil is brought in and plants are planted. Valuable substances are extracted from the waste heap rock.)
Slide 19.20
G) Dump- places on the ground occupied by construction waste (broken bricks, glass fragments, slabs, and much more). Such landfills disfigure the surface of our land.
Landfills also need to be dealt with: waste is sorted and processed in special plants; leveled, covered with soil, and plants were planted.
4. Consolidation of what has been learned
Slide 21
Game "Get to know me"
I have a sole and a slope, and my top rose so high into the sky that I even had to wear a white hat. (Mountain)
I also have a bottom, a gentle slope and a top. (Hill)
Man created me, I spread clouds of dust and can burn. (Storage waste heaps)
I am a depression in the earth's surface, I have a gentle slope, I am covered with grass and bushes. (Beam)
I am on the edge of a field, and it was formed from improper plowing of the land. (Ravine)
5. Lesson summary.
When you guys grow up, try to do everything to make our native land even more beautiful, and there will be no such places that cause pain and resentment in the soul.
Summing up the lesson. Grading.
6. Homework.
Download abstract