Individually personal portrait according to sondi. Sondi test, pass online for free with decryption
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Sondi test, pass online for free with decryption
The history of the creation of the test
This technique was first introduced in the 30s of the XX century by the Viennese psychologist Leopold Szondi. It was he who, in the course of many years of research, discovered the subordination of human selectivity in communication to a certain pattern. So, his observations showed that patients in a psychiatric clinic are more willing to make contact with people suffering from similar diseases.
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Rationale
The Sondi test, you can go online for free with decoding on our website, the test is based on the fact that various personality structures are represented by combinations of eight drives. Each of them can indicate the presence or absence of any psychological problem deep nature. According to Szondi, photographic portraits have the most psychodiagnostic value, as fully as possible corresponding to the needs of the individual, his genetic and dynamically relevant inclinations. As an evidence base, he presents the results of his text and long-term clinical observations.How to pass the Sondi test online for free with decryption?
The subject is invited to familiarize himself with 48 portraits of people suffering from various types of mental illness:- homosexuality;
- depression;
- hysteria;
- catonic form of schizophrenia;
- mania;
- paranoid schizophrenia;
- sadism;
- epilepsy.
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Sondi test to pass online for free with decryption
It involves the passage of two parts of the study. The first part involves the selection of 12 attractive and, conversely, negative emotions portraits. Its task is to diagnose impulsive drives and ego functions that come to the fore. "First run" - this is the name of this part of testing. In this case, the "first pass" profile is referred to as the "foreground profile" (FFP). To determine it, only 24 portraits out of 48 available are used.
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The Szondi test is a method of portrait drives that allows you to understand the structure of personality. It is represented by 6 groups of images, 8 pieces in each set. The person must choose the 2 most attractive pictures for him, and then the 2 least liked. It is recommended not to think during the test, but to answer, relying on the unconscious.
Szondi's teachings are based on the works and ideas of Z. Freud.
The Szondi test is based on the theory that personality structure is a combination of 8 basic drives. Moreover, the basis of the methodology is the doctrine of genetic determinism. According to this teaching, the fate of a person depends on the hidden desires of the Superego, the source of which are genes.
There are two main applications for this test:
- Clinical practice (identification of various stress deviations and problems of the emotional background);
- Professional consulting (career guidance, designing employee behavior at a critical moment, identifying motivating factors).
The emergence of the theory, which became the basis for the development of the test, falls on the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1930s, Szondi discovered a certain pattern in the communication of mentally ill patients - people with similar or identical pathologies were more likely to establish contact. Szondi attributed his attraction to his own kind to a genetic factor.
Test Description
For the test, 48 images are used, divided into groups of 8 pieces. A person must choose the 2 most attractive and 2 most repulsive in each block of pictures. When testing, time for reflection is limited, since images should be selected intuitively.
The images in this test are quite specific, so they can cause rejection. In this case, it is required to choose those that cause the least disgust, and then those that cause the most.
With the help of the test, 8 main drives are evaluated:
- Sexual non-differentiation;
- Sadism and masochism;
- epileptoid tendencies;
- Hysteria;
- catatonia;
- paranoia;
- Depression;
- Manic.
Each of the 8 portraits in a group of images refers to one or another attraction factor. After passing the test, the results are recorded on a special grid, after which points are calculated. If the test is taken online, the result is displayed automatically.
results
This test has 3 possible options results for each factor:
- Zero result. It is determined if a person has never chosen a portrait related to the factor as acceptable or unacceptable, or has chosen, but not more than once. It is believed that this result indicates the importance of the factor for a person, but its complete satisfaction at the time of the test.
- Full result. It appears in those cases when a person chooses an image that belongs to one factor 4 or more times. Moreover, it does not matter if his reaction to the picture is negative or positive. In this result, one more subtype is distinguished, which is called ambivalent - the same number of positive and negative choices for one factor, which indicates a contradictory attitude towards the factor. This result indicates a significant attraction to the factor, and with the absence of its satisfaction. If there are more positive choices, the person is satisfied with this attraction, if there are more negative ones, he is not satisfied and tries to suppress it.
- Middle. Image selection is within 3 times (both negative and positive). This result is an indicator of the average value of each vector.
Positive and negative results
In addition to the need for each factor in life, there is also a division of test results into positive and negative, which also have their own interpretation:
- Sexual non-differentiation: with positive answers, love and tenderness are noted, directed towards oneself; when negative - towards the outside world.
- Sadism: positive choices indicate high activity, masculinity and even aggression; negative testify to civilization, nobility, the ability to sacrifice oneself, humility.
- Epileptoid: positive - willingness to help, kindness, sense of justice, patience; negative - the accumulation of anger, intolerance, jealousy and hatred.
- Hysteria: a positive result - the desire to show oneself to others, to impress; negative - modesty, adherence to morality, increased propensity for fantasies.
- Catatonia: positive choices - egocentrism, resentment, increased logic, pedantry; negative - adaptation to the outside world, the desire to join the team.
- Paranoia: positive - leadership, high self-esteem, desire for competition; negatively - vulnerability and lack of self-esteem, a tendency to caution and distrust.
- Depression (melancholy): with positive choices - curiosity, uncertainty, but constancy; with negative - fidelity, greed and lack of activity.
- Manic: positive results - a tendency to fun, enjoyment, the desire to be in a team; negative - isolation, independence, desire to be alone.
The totality of all results is evaluated separately and comprehensively, which allows us to note the most characteristic qualities of a person, to see her aspirations and shortcomings. The test helps especially well with career guidance, since the results will directly show in which teams and in which work an individual would be better off.
Features of decoding results
Szondi's drive theory implies that each of the factors is a leading life radical. Together, these factors form 4 life vectors:
- Sexual attraction;
- I am attraction;
- Paroxysmal attraction;
- Contact attraction.
All vectors have many variations of manifestation, and therefore, despite the genetic concept, each person has many roads (fate options) in front of him. Each factor can be implemented in many different ways.
The results obtained can be deciphered from three positions:
- Interpretations of each factor and vector (in terms of zero, positive, negative and ambivalent reactions);
- Transformations of each factor, based on 7 levels (phylogenetic, partial attraction of childhood, adulthood, character, profession, sublimation and the last level evaluating deviations from the norm);
- Individual-personal approach (taking into account: biological prerequisites, constitutional type, personality and character traits, choice of profession, social activity and deviations from the norm).
Each of the types of interpretation allows you to describe the individual in as much detail as possible, based on the results obtained in the test. The technique allows you to make the most accurate portrait of a person. Also, in case of deviation of one or another factor, it is possible to reveal some details of the pathology that will help in its diagnosis and subsequent treatment. The Szondi test is excellent for dynamic monitoring of progress in psychiatric therapy.
[method of eight drives]
Sondi test developed in the 30s of the last century by a Hungarian doctor and psychologist Leopold Szondi(Leopold Szondi). In the course of his psychiatric practice, he noticed a certain pattern, which is subject to the selectivity of a person in communicating with others. He suggested that an unconscious attraction to people like himself has a genetic condition, and, starting from the psychoanalysis of Z. Freud, Jung's theory of the collective unconscious, Szondi developed the concept of "fate analysis", and extensive data from clinical and genetic studies formed the basis of the "test of eight drives ".
Each portrait reflects in the most pointed form the manifestation of one of the eight basic human drives and reveals one or another problem or pathology of the subject. For many years, the Sondi test has been used by psychiatrists and psychologists as a projective personality test. It allows you to find both social and asocial, both healthy and pathological tendencies of the subjects. Since the structure of drives underlying the methodology is universal, the Szondi test is suitable for people of any nationality and social class.
In Russia, the method was modified by L. N. Sobchik as the “portrait election method”, where eight Szondi’s drive factors were compared with the individual typological approach of the theory of leading tendencies.
So, to your attention is a test fate analysis) It is not simple at first sight. It requires study and practice of application. But, it is within the power of a teacher, a psychologist, and an ordinary person who is passionate about self-knowledge.
Age category - children from 10 years old and adults.
Testing time - 15-20 min.
Progress: the client is offered to choose the most and least attractive portraits of men and women for him.
You will be offered portraits, 6 series (sets) of 8 portraits each. Look closely at them. First, select the one that you at least relatively prefer over the others (the most attractive), and then another, also preferred, but slightly smaller than the first. Even if this is difficult to do and you don’t like any of them, then choose the one that you dislike the least, and then the next one after it. Then you will need to choose the most unsympathetic portrait (the most unpleasant), and then the most unsympathetic portrait of the remaining ones. So it will be necessary to repeat six times with each of the sets of photos. The photographs in the series are designated (numbered, marked, named) from left to right, from top to bottom.
The key to the Sondi test.
You can find a detailed interpretation (processing, decoding, recommendations, career guidance) in L. Szondi's book "Fate Analysis".
The selected portraits are registered according to the serial number of each portrait from 1 to 8 and the code of each portrait, reflecting its factorial value:
h - Eros factor;
s - Thanatos factor;
e - Ethos-factor (ethics);
hy - Moral factor;
k - Systole-factor in relation to I-extension ("to have");
p - Diastola factor in relation to I-expansion ("to be");
d - Trust-distrust factor;
m - Attachment and separation factor.
If the portrait is selected as attractive, a (+) sign is placed under the letter on the profile diagram, if the portrait is selected as unsympathetic, a (-) sign is placed. Thus, at the end of the first part of the survey, the profile scheme should have 24 signs: 12 pluses and 12 minuses. (View of a filled grid, where in each vertical column, the first six cells are liked photos, and the next six are disliked ones)
Registration form-grid for the Sondi test, where: S-vector - desire for intersexual intimacy; P-vector - paroxysmal drives or demonstrative vector; Sch-vector - I-desires, I-urges ("to have and to be"); C-vector - social attraction (attraction to contacts).
Processing Sondi test results. According to the Szondi method, there are three forms of choice reaction:
1.Zero reactions- the portrait of one code is never selected from among all presented in 6 series or only one is selected (as cute or unsympathetic);
2.Complete reactions- a portrait is selected 4 or more times that relates to a specific factor (as sympathetic or unsympathetic); Among the complete reactions, separately distinguish : ambivalent reactions— 4 or more choices, including two or more with opposite signs; positive reactions- 4 or more choices, however, the number of negative ones among them is not more than one; negative reactions - 4 or more choices, but the number of positive ones among them is not more than one.
3.Medium reactions- a portrait that belongs to the first factor is selected two or three times (as sympathetic or unsympathetic).
From the point of view of the psychology of drives, zero reactions indicate that this need (factor) is important for the subject, but at the time of testing it has already been fully satisfied (that is, even before the moment of choice). The complete reaction also indicates the significant role of this need (factor). The author believes that, in contrast to the zero reaction, in the case of a complete reaction, this need is unfulfilled (frustrated). He also emphasizes that the number of choices indicates the strength of the need, and the direction of the trend, (+) or (-), indicates the installation of "I". According to Szondi's theory, positive choices indicate that the subject is satisfied with this trend at home, but only external circumstances interfere with the realization of this need. A person is waiting for the right moment to satisfy this need. Negative choices indicate that a person is not satisfied with the corresponding trend, objects to its manifestation in himself, and the realization of this need is hindered by intrapersonal barriers.
In practice, three forms of complete reactions are often encountered:
Positive reaction with high tension - four, five or six portraits of one factor are selected, all of them as pretty (+4, +5, +6);
Negative reactions with high tension - four, five or six portraits of one factor are selected, all of them as unsympathetic (-4, -5, -6);
Complete ambivalent reaction - six portraits of one factor are selected in the following options: a) two or three - as sympathetic, the remaining two or three - as unsympathetic (+2/-2; +2/-3; +3/-2; +3/ -3); b) four - as sympathetic (unsympathetic), two - in the opposite direction (+4/-2, +2/-4).
Interpretation of the Szondi test.
According to Szondi's drive theory, drive factors are the leading life radicals. They have the ability to transform into different forms of manifestation, that is, they have several variations that manifest themselves in the "possibility of fate." Thanks to their ability to metamorphosis, a person has the prospect of many possible destinies, and not a single one, destined in advance. Emphasizing the presence of many opportunities for the realization in life of the eight drives, Szondi states the following: Each drive factor corresponds to a phylogenetic, generic, historical primary form of manifestation, which is rooted in the reactions of representatives of the animal world, especially the primate community. Only the so-called "I"-factors (k and p) do not have a primary form in the animal kingdom, they are peculiar only to man. Each drive factor has a specific form of manifestation in early childhood, and this form completely coincides with Freud's pregenital partial drives.
The bipolar nature of each attraction factor can manifest as early as the first puberty (3 to 6 years of age). Bipolar factors of drives, such as love for the individual - love for humanity (h), activity - passivity (s), Avelian tendencies - Cain tendencies (e), vanity - modesty (hy), autism - rejection of one's own "I" (k ), inflation - projection (p), search - sticking (d), convulsive clinging - detachment (m), determine those opposites that are found already in early childhood when examined by this test.
Each of the eight drive factors determines a certain set of character traits that make it possible to understand the typological affiliation of the person being examined, which is considered to be the norm. Each attraction factor determines a certain range of professions, as well as a certain circle of communication and interests. Each factor of attraction also determines a certain type of spiritual life of a person and his activity in this area. It is here that lies the ability of the methodology to reveal deeply hidden springs in the choice of the direction of a person's socio-cultural life. According to Szondi, it is these factors that initially determine whether the subject will apply his spiritual abilities in: the field of culture and humanism (h), technology and civilization (s), religion and ethics (e), theatrical art (hy), philosophy, psychology , mathematics, philology (k), poetry, scientific research (p), national economics, housekeeping, art collecting (d), speech activities such as singing or making speeches (m).
At the same time, Szondi emphasizes that he does not mean sublimation as a displacement of threatened drives (in the spirit of Freud's concept), but independently, initially existing a priori spiritual values that are contrasting with low (primary, primitive) tendencies and are inherent in every person as possible. version of his fate. The eight drive factors cause precisely those very special painful symptoms that are not derivable from other factors or symptoms and can appear as clinical manifestations in mental disorders and drive disorders. Description of each of the factors from the standpoint of temperament, the nature of their carrier, choice of profession, susceptibility to disease.
h factor
Biological background: both types of reaction - both "+" and "-" - differ in the predominance of the characteristics of the sensitive type of higher nervous activity.
constitutional type: h+ is distinguished by greater warmth of emotions and specific addressing of emotional attachment, and h- is more introverted and the abstract direction of the affiliative need.
Response type- sensitive, melancholy.
Characterological features. These are people who are distinguished by sentimentality, exaltation of feelings, high sensitivity to environmental influences, their mood largely depends on the attitude of others around them; they are vulnerable, impressionable, aesthetically oriented people.
personality traits. Anxiety, the leading need - affiliative, that is, the need for understanding, sympathy and deep affection. The h+ variant realizes this need through attachment to specific people, through the search for good luck in personal life - in the family, in relations with the husband (wife), with children. The h+ variant reveals the tension of the affiliative need due to the fact that it is the leading and never fully saturated need, which can only be hindered by external barriers, and the h- variant means the frustration of the affiliative need, the realization of which is hindered by internal prohibitions (taboos), due to what causes emotional discomfort and sublimation of this need into selflessness and altruism, realized in social activity. However, the set of individual-personal properties here is the same as with h+.
Leading motif- the desire to find a social niche and protection in the form of a stronger benevolent personality.
Style of interpersonal behavior: Behind the seeming conformity and dependence, there is a conflict-free craving for independence, a desire to get away from confrontation with a tough confrontation of strong personalities into the world of ideal relationships. Shyness and vulnerability make a person of this type outwardly more accommodating and compliant.
Thinking style combines verbal-analytical and artistic inclinations.
Choice of profession determined by personality traits. Persons who give predominantly reactions of the h + type are most successful in the service of everyday life, in the service sector, as benevolent educators of children younger age. If they have talent, they successfully realize themselves in the field of applied arts, in artistic activities (with h +), in amateur performances, they are able to get involved in dancing, singing, poetry, religion. Among them there are cooks, directors of hotels, hairdressers. With the type of response h-, a craving for medical activity, for a serious passion for music, is manifested to a greater extent. With high intelligence and an integrated "I" (indicators of the factor k), interest in literature, in matters of culture and humanism is expressed.
Social activity. Both types of response gravitate towards missionary activity, with a tendency to sacrifice selfish needs for the sake of specific people (h+) or society as a whole (h-).
As painful manifestations, both options can be expressed in the form of difficult adaptation for personal life and other intersexual inversions. Such people prefer a bohemian lifestyle.
Deviant behavior based on intersex soil.
As established in pilot study, factor h positively correlates with a significant choice of the 5th color standard of the MCV color selection method (adapted Luscher test) and the 5th SMIL scale (MMPI). In addition, h+ is more associated with the 1st and 6th colors, as well as with the 3rd and 7th SMIL scales. h with 0th color, 2nd and 0th SMIL scales.
s factor
biological background. s+: strong type of higher nervous activity, s-: sensitive type.
constitutional type. At s+: athletic constitution, sthenic (hyperthymic) type of response; with s-: leptosomal (asthenic) constitution, hyposthenic, hypothymic type of response.
constitutional type. At s +: decisiveness, rigidity, enterprise, leadership, a sober outlook on life, self-confidence, independence, lack of concern for the experiences of other people, unwillingness to limit oneself in anything, admiration for the achievements of technical thought, passion for speed, Spartan features, warlike character, aggressiveness, intersexual activity without a pronounced tendency to deep affection. With s-: gentleness, a tendency to idealize the object of affection, conformity, sympathy for people, a tendency to self-restraint for the sake of loved ones, a tendency to deep affection, peacemaking tendencies. Priority of cultural values.
Personal properties. For s+: high level of achievement motivation, activity, aggressiveness, low level of intrapsychic activity. Emotions outwardly manifest themselves quite violently - indignation, pride, indignation, admiration, but do not leave a deep mark in the soul.
Style of interpersonal behavior independent, leading
Type of perception holistic, intuitive, without sufficient reliance on experience, focused on one's own subjective instinct. In stress - impulsive behavioral reactions.
Defense mechanism- repression or reaction outside.
With s-: high level of motivation to avoid failure. Interpersonal style behavior dependent, passive. Type of perception verbal-analytical. under stress- restrictive behavior, increased control of consciousness. Defense mechanism- refusal of self-realization.
Choice of profession. For s+ : transport driver - driver, pilot, machinist; lumberjack, hunter, pathologist, farmer, mechanic, mechanic, dentist, loader, military leader, soldier, prosecutor, security guard.
With s-: a medical worker, a doctor, a nurse, a hairdresser, a manicurist, an educator, a librarian, a clerical or archival worker, a clerk, a researcher, a philologist, an art critic.
Social activity. For s+: in the field of urbanization and industry, commitment to technocracy. With s-: in the sphere of culture and humanistic activity.
Painful deformity of attraction. For s+: sadism, antisocial behavior with violent manifestations. With s-: masochism, fetishism, self-abasement, suicidal tendencies.
s+ positively correlates with the 3rd (red) Luscher standard, 4th and 9th SMIL scales (MMPI), and s- with the 1st (blue) MCV standard, 2nd and 7th SMIL scales.
e factor
Biological preconditions: e+: movable type VID; e-: rigid type of VND.
Constitutional type: e+: picnic, emotionally unstable, e-: athletic, aggressive. e+: mixed type of response, anxious; e-: mixed type of response, explosive.
constitutional type. For e+: conformity of attitudes, declaration of altruism, responsiveness, inclination to cooperate, benevolence, selflessness, religiosity, patience, desire to help others. When e-: tendency to accumulate negative emotions with subsequent discharge.
Personal properties. For e+: variability of motivational orientation depending on the situation, orientation to generally accepted norms of behavior and morality of society, collaborative and altruistic style of interaction with others, artistic and verbal type of perception. The response to stress is fear. The defense mechanism is somatization. When e-: sustainability of achievement motivation, perseverance in pursuing one's goals, concrete-logical style of thinking, type of reaction to stress - aggressive, explosive; protective mechanism - rational processing.
Choice of profession. For e+: health professional, clergyman, missionary, teacher, educator, lawyer. When e-: sailor, driver, pilot, machinist, fireman, gunner, blacksmith, stoker, pyrotechnician, athlete (boxer, weightlifter, freestyle wrestling, karate, sambo), administrator, head of house management, housing office or REO, garage manager.
Social activity. For e+: socially useful activity in the field of moral ethics. When e-: opposition of their attitudes to ethical and moral foundations.
Painful deformity of attraction. For e+: tendency to vegetative instability, migraines; epileptoid sweetness. When e-: epileptoid pedantry and explosiveness.
e+ positively correlates with the 1st and 4th Luscher standards, the 3rd and 7th SMIL scales; e - with the 2nd and 7th color standards, with the 6th and 4th SMIL scales.
hy factor
biological background. Mixed unstable type of higher nervous activity. constitutional type - Unstable, emotive type of response. constitutional type . The hy+ type is distinguished by high emotional involvement, demonstrative traits, contradictory attitudes (to be involved in the interests of one’s group and at the same time defend one’s interests), and the h-type is characterized by higher anxiety, a tendency to dramatize existing problems.
personality traits . At hy+ demonstrative personality with contradictory orientation of motives; achievement motivation clashes with an equally pronounced motivation to avoid failure. Tendency to somatize conflict. The type of perception is artistic, sensual, visual-figurative thinking. The style of interpersonal behavior is flexible with a tendency to transform into different social roles. When hu- personality is characterized by higher self-control. Hence the "matte" personality traits "seeking recognition."
Choice of profession. With hy+: actor, journalist, fashion model, artist, public figure, diplomat, seller, teacher, educator, administrator. With hu-: clergyman, missionary, tailor, service worker.
Social activity. Declaration of altruism, participation in social movements, service to the people.
Painful deformity of attraction. Hysterical conversion symptoms (hy+) and psychosomatic disorders (hu-). Adventurism and pseudology as variants of deviant behavior (hy+), hypocrisy (hy-).
hy + positively correlates with the 4th and 5th color standards of the Luscher test, with the 3rd and 9th SMIL scales, and hy- with the 6th and 0th standards, as well as with the 7th and 1st SMIL scales.
k factor
biological background. Mixed (k+) or weak (k-). rigid (k+) or inert (k-), left hemispheric VIEW type.
constitutional type. Leptosomal (asthenic), hyposthenic inhibited (k-) and schizoid rigid (k+) type of response.
constitutional type. With k +: rationality, emotional coldness, focus on the inner world of one's own experiences, isolation from practical concerns, a tendency to broad generalizations, originality and independence of judgments, originality of actions, formality and selectivity in communication, secrecy. With k-: restraint in the manifestation of feelings, the desire to avoid conflicts, orientation to the norms of behavior of one's social circle, increased guilt.
Personal properties. For k+: contemplative position, subjective motivation, bifurcated "I", intellect prevails over emotions, style of interpersonal behavior - introvert, style of thinking - formal-logical. In stress, blocking, a defensive reaction - an escape into the world of fantasy. For k-: pronounced "super-ego", style of thinking - verbal-analytical.
Choice of profession. For k+: mathematician, accountant, soldier, printer, farmer, engineer, mechanic, laboratory assistant, economist, bookkeeper, applied arts, wood crafts, sculptor, carpenter, theoretical physicist, literary critic. For k-: teacher, philologist, philosopher, scientist, writer, librarian, clerk, official.
Social activity. The activity is detached from everyday needs and is associated with mysticism, metaphysics, art, aesthetics, logic during the k- reaction, and with economics, mathematics, and physics during the k+ reaction.
Painful deformity of attraction. Painfully pointed traits of type k+ are transformed into schizoid manifestations, catatonic symptoms, autism, and deviant behavior - into vagrancy, social maladaptation. With k-, it is possible to transform into anxious and suspicious traits, obsessions, depressive and hypochondriacal disorders, deviant behavior is characterized by complete passivity, isolation.
k+ positively correlates with the 0th, 5th and 7th Luscher color standards, with the 8th and 0th SMIL scales; k- with 0 and 5 standards, with 7 and 0 SMIL scales.
p factor
biological background. Strong (p+) and mixed-inert (p-) type of higher nervous activity.
constitutional type. A combination of athletic and phlegmatic constitutional features. Temperament is sthenic, hyperthymic (p+) and mixed rigid (p-).
constitutional type. At p+: spontaneity, sociability, spontaneity of behavior, maximalism in emotional manifestations, ambition, striving for leadership, high self-esteem, risk-taking, a sense of rivalry, enterprise, impulsiveness. With p-: selectivity in contacts, secrecy, vulnerability to criticism, alertness.
Personal properties. At p+: high motivation to achieve success, extraversion, activity, leading need - power, style of interpersonal behavior - dominant, style of cognitive activity - holistic, heuristic, anticipatory experience. In stress - hyperactivity.
Defense mechanism- reacting outside and ousting negative information from consciousness. With p-: the motivation to avoid failure is as high as the motivation to achieve, which creates internal tension. Reliance on accumulated experience, style of thinking - concrete, synthetic.
Choice of profession. At p+: administrator, manager, entrepreneur, geologist, psychotherapist, psychologist, traveler, writer, journalist, circus performer, stuntman, driver-racer. At p-: chemist, engineer, inventor, musician, artist, sculptor, policeman, tailor, stove maker, carpenter, carpenter, grain grower, shoemaker, chiropractor, acupuncturist.
Social activity. At p+: political and administrative activity. At p-: research and truth-seeking activity.
Painful deformity of attraction. At p+: expansive schizoid accentuation, megalomania; deviant behavior - alcoholism, drug addiction, illegal actions: swindle, hooligan actions. At p~: paranoia, schizophrenia; litigious querulant tendencies.
p+ reveals a positive relationship with the 3rd and 5th color standards of the Luscher test, 4th and 8th SMIL scales, and p- is associated with the 2nd and 5th standards, 6th and 8th scales SMIL.
factor d
biological background. Unstable mixed type, mobility of nervous processes. constitutional type. Cycloid constitutional type, cyclothymic type of response.
constitutional type. Easily changing mood, pronounced dependence on environmental influences; tendency to tears and laughter; exaltation. A stable choice of d+ is typical for exalted, sociable, looking for new contacts. On the contrary, d- means the depth of affection, constancy, fidelity, conservatism, a tendency to self-restraint, honesty and sincerity.
Personal properties. With d+: extraversion, optimism, realism, sociability, liveliness of reactions, high achievement motivation, search for recognition. The style of cognitive activity is heuristic, holistic. Leadership trends. In stress - activity. The defense mechanism is the denial of problems. Disadaptation of the exalted type. With d-: introversion. A defensive reaction is a refusal to realize one's needs, intropunitive reactions.
Social activity. With d+: in business, social and administrative activities. With d-: in the field of spiritual values, in the field of large-scale financial transactions.
Painful deformity of attraction. With a stable choice d + - expansive, seeking recognition, emotionally unstable type of accentuation, antisocial behavior (theft, swindle); with a stable choice of d - melancholic accentuation, depressive state. With an ambivalent reaction or variable indicators of the factor - cyclothymia, manic-depressive psychosis.
d+ is positively associated with the 4th color of the Luscher test, the 3rd and 9th SMIL scales, and d- with the 1st 0th colors, the 2nd and 0th scales.
Factor m
biological background. Strong unstable type of GNI. Right hand variant.
constitutional type- picnic. Stenic (hyperthymic) extraverted type of response, active, optimistic. m+ is an exalted, and m is an expansive variant.
constitutional type. At m+: search for recognition, desire for emotional involvement, impressionability, desire for cooperation, desire for ownership of group interests. With m-: independence, independence, the need for self-realization, pronounced individualism, perseverance in achieving the goal, impulsiveness in statements and actions.
Personal properties. With m+: extraversion, flexibility and sociability in contacts with others, artistic and visual-figurative perception, reaction to stress - emotionally vivid, defense mechanism - psychosomatic or repression type. At m-: self-esteem is overestimated; intuitive perception, ahead of the experience of judgment; defense mechanism - denial of problems.
Choice of profession. At m+: language teacher, dentist, impresario, accompanist, film director, social worker, musician, amateur performer, club work. With m-: traveling salesman, agent, director of a hotel, restaurant, head doctor of a hospital, dental surgeon, stockbroker, entrepreneur, geologist, rock climber, truck driver.
Social activity. At m+: art, social activity. With t-: administrative sphere, independence from the rigid framework restricting freedom of action, criminal orientation.
Painful strains of attraction. At m+: hysteroid and psychosomatic disorders, fixed fears, hypomania. With m-: impulsive behavior, expansive-schizoid accentuation, alcoholism, drug addiction, swindle, fraud.
m+ positively correlates with the 4th color of the Luscher test, the 3rd and 9th SMIL scales. m- is positively associated with the 3rd and 7th colors of the Luscher test, with the 4th and 8th SMIL scales.
Scheme of transformation of 8 factors of inclinations.
A) - corresponds to preferences "+",
b) - statements "-"
The exception is the 7th point: a) - symptoms, b) - violations of drives.
h factor. VP (adult period) a/ h+ personal love, b/ h- love for humanity SU, CH (social level, character traits) a/ warmth and gentleness, cordiality, tenderness, maternal qualities, addiction to gifts, craving for clothes, cosmetics , sentimentality, flirtatiousness, desire to please, subjectivism, susceptibility to external influence, gullibility, lyricism, b / cultural interests, love of nature and people. SU, PR (social level, profession) a / hairdresser, attendants, hotel manager, waiter, confectioner, cook, laundry or cleaning worker, fashion picture maker, dancer, circus artist, stage performer, spy, b / musician, lyric poet, gynecologist doctor for skin and sexual diseases. SB (sublimation) sphere of culture literature humanistic interests. CH a/ symptoms; b/violations of inclinations: a/ same-sex love; b/ fraud.
s factor. VP: a / activity, self-preservation, b / passivity, humility. SU, HCh: a / coldness, hardness, thirst for life, activity, passion for entrepreneurship, perseverance, self-confidence, craving for objectivity, for revealing the essence, a sense of reality, the ability to navigate b / the desire to protect others, embellish their dignity. Rush to civilization. SU, PR: butcher, knife maker, manicurist, operating nurse, surgeon, pathologist, executioner, forester, woodcutter, stonecutter, sculptor, dentist, cab driver, animal trainer, zookeeper, veterinarian, wrestler, physical education teacher, masseur, chauffeur, hunter, farmer. Sat. Technique Civilization, state humanism. CH. a / Symptoms: sadism, fetishism, etc. b/ disturbances of inclinations: the murderer-sadist, the robber-robber.
Factor e. VP: a/ attraction to demonstrativeness, censorship of conscience, Abelian claims (e+), b/ Cainian claims (e-) SU HCh: a/ mercy, kindness, benevolence and gentleness, innocence, compassion, ability to sympathize, tolerance, conscientiousness , piety and religiosity, meekness and humility, love of truth, ethical motives, b / a tendency to rage, anger, explosiveness. SU PR: professions of "connecting messages" - messenger, sailor, driver, pilot, railway employee, miner, blacksmith, stoker, chimney sweep, fireman, pyrotechnician, baker, blasting professions artilleryman, miner, gunpowder manufacturer, etc. health. SB: Ethics Religion Church-religious and ethical humanists. HF: a/ Genuine epilepsy and its equivalents - migraine, stuttering, vegetative neurosis, allergy, enuresis, b/ kleptomania, pyromania, affective murders.
hy factor. VP: a/ demonstrativeness (hu+), b/ moral censorship, rich imagination, propensity to fantasize (hy-). SU HH: a/ the need for a sense of self-importance, for success and recognition, the thirst for fame, the desire to please, coquetry, the search for popularity and love, acting qualities, b/ modesty. SU PR: actor, politician, market seller, traveling salesman, model, fashion model, artist. SB: Art, theater. SN: a/ hysteria, phobia, pseudology, conversion symptoms, b/ adventurism. k factor. VP: egosystole, autism, a / building the ideal of possession and the ideal of the object of attachment (k +), b / renunciation of one's Self, refusal, repression (k-). SU HCH: a/ introversion, sobriety, rationality, desire for knowledge, love of form, love of logic, realism, rationalism b/ desire to refuse to realize one's needs. SU PR: pedagogy, teaching mathematics, philosophy, economics, soldier service, engineer, art critic, accountant, postal clerk, printer, farmer. SB art associated with logic, word, philosophy, metaphysics, aesthetics, logic sociological humanism SN: a / catatonia, schizoid manifestations, obsessive neuroses, conversion symptoms hysteria, hypochondria, fetishism, b / avoidance of work, vagrancy, burglaries.
R factor VP: egodiastole, a/ construction of the I-ideal, spiritual drives (p+), b/ projection (p-). SU HCh: a/ extraversion, ardent emotionality, impulse to admiration, intuition, feeling of rivalry; b/ caution, sensitivity. SU PR: inventor, poet, writer, psychologist, psychiatrist, mythologist, mystic geologist, paleontologist, expedition leader, missionary, musician, pharmacist, chemist. SB: poetry, research sphere, spiritual and creative humanism. SN: a / paranoid, schizophrenia, litigious-querulant deviations, megalomania, drug addiction, b / political crime with megalomania, adventurism, swindle.
Factor d. VP: a / the need for acquisition, the urge to change (d +), b / the craving for immutability, the urge to collect (b-). SU HH: a/ addiction to acquisition, incessant search for new things, generosity, instability, b/ fidelity, devotion, sincerity and sincerity, striving for immutability. SU PR: antiquarian, museum clerk, art collector, art critic, painter, house painter, banker, pawnbroker, pawnshop clerk, waste collector, janitor, dry cleaner, dyer, gastroenterologist. SB: economics, economic humanism. HF: a/ depression, melancholy, instability, fetishism, b/ theft, emotional instability.
factor m. VP: a/ the need to preserve acquired objects, the need for recognition and approval (m+), the need for separation (m-). SU HH: a/ need for sensual pleasures, fun, friendliness, good nature (m+). b/ self-sufficiency (m -). SU PR: language teaching, dentist, dental surgeon, stockbroker, banker, buyer, agent, company representative, chef, owner of a restaurant, hotel, cafe, bartender, wine taster, wind instrument musician, film director, director of a music school, concert bureau. SB: language arts, art in general. HF: a/ mania, hypomania, morbid cravings (alcoholism), instability b/ adventurism, fraud, bigamy (bigamity).
Fate analysis reveals a person in all his integrity at three existential (life-sense) levels - biopsychological, personal and spiritual, covers all the presented options for fate: Hereditary fate; Motive and affective destiny; social fate; mental fate; Fate "I"; spiritual destiny. But these are only options for fate, and we can choose, work painstakingly on our lives and on ourselves)
The projective methodology for the study of personality was published by L. Szondi in 1939.
The letters on the profile diagram indicate in coded form those needs (factors) that each of the eight portraits of a certain series corresponds to:
- h - sexual non-differentiation;
- s - sadism;
- e - epileptoid tendencies (anger, jealousy, etc.);
- hy - hysterical manifestations (demonstrativeness, etc.);
- k - catatonic tendencies (isolation, touchiness, etc.)
- p - paranoid tendencies;
- d - depressive-melancholic features (sadness, craving for doing something unusual);
- m - manic manifestations (increased tone of mood, search for pleasure in life).
If the subject during the response chooses the portrait as attractive, a sign (+) is placed under the letter on the profile scheme, if the portrait is selected as unsympathetic, the sign (-). Thus, at the end of the first part of the survey, the profile scheme should have 24 signs: 12 pluses and 12 minuses.
Processing survey results
According to the Szondi method, there are three forms of choice reaction:
- Zero reactions- the subject never chooses a portrait of one code from among all presented in 6 series or chooses only one (as sympathetic or unsympathetic); in the given example, these are portraits with codes "e" - one negative choice (the portrait was chosen once as unsympathetic).
- Complete reactions- the subject chooses 4 or more times a portrait that relates to a specific factor (as sympathetic or unsympathetic); in the example, these are portraits with the codes "s" (6 choices, 4 of them are positive and 2 negative), "p" (4 choices, 3 positive and 1 negative), "d" (4 choices, all negative). Among the complete reactions, separately designate ambivalent reactions- 4 or more choices, including two or more with opposite signs (choice by code "s" is complete and ambivalent); positive reactions - 4 or more choices, however, the number of negative ones among them is not more than one (for example, choice by code "p"); negative reactions - 4 or more choices, but the number of positive ones among them is not more than one (for example, choice by code "d").
- Medium reactions- a portrait that belongs to the first factor is selected two or three times (as sympathetic or unsympathetic). An example of such reactions on the scheme are portraits with codes "h" (3 choices, 2 positive and 1 negative), "hy" (two positive choices), "k" (2 choices, positive and negative), "m" (2 negative choice).
From the point of view of the psychology of drives, zero reactions indicate that this need (factor) is important for the subject, but at the time of testing it has already been fully satisfied (that is, even before the moment of choice).
The complete reaction also testifies to the significant role of this need (factor) of the subject. Szondi believes that, in contrast to the zero response, in the case of a full response, this need is unfulfilled (frustrated). He also emphasizes that the number of choices indicates the strength of the need, and the direction of the trend, (+) or (-), indicates the installation of "I". According to Szondi's theory, positive choices indicate that the subject is satisfied with this trend at home, but only external circumstances interfere with the realization of this need. A person is waiting for the right moment to satisfy this need.
Negative choices indicate that a person is not satisfied with the corresponding trend, objects to its manifestation in himself, and the realization of this need is hindered by intrapersonal barriers. In practice, three forms of complete reactions are often encountered:
- Positive response with high voltage- the subject chooses four, five or six portraits of one factor, all of them as attractive (+4, +5, +6);
- Negative reactions with high voltage- the subject chooses four, five or six portraits of one factor, all of them as unsympathetic (-4, -5, -6);
- Full ambivalent reaction- the subject chooses six portraits of one factor in the options:
- two or three - as cute, the other two or three - as unsympathetic (+2/-2; +2/-3; +3/-2; +3/-3);
- four - as sympathetic (unsympathetic), two - in the opposite direction (+4/-2, +2/-4).
Interpretation of results
Consider the interpretation of positive and negative choices for each need (factor). Szondi believes that the need (factor) is split into two opposite tendencies, which are indicated on the profile by signs (+) and (-).
"h" factor- sexual non-differentiation ("eros factor"). Positive choices indicate a tendency towards personal love and tenderness; negative - about the tendency of love for humanity, humanism.
"s" factor- sadism (masculinity factor or "thanatos factor"). Positive choices testify to such qualities as courage, activity, aggressiveness, sadism. Negative - opposite qualities: civility, passivity, humility, readiness for self-sacrifice, nobility.
These two factors together create sexual drive vector "S".
Factor "e"- epileptoid tendencies ("ethos factor"). Positive choices are associated with such qualities as kindness, justice, tolerance, gentleness, willingness to help others. Negative - with such as the accumulation of anger, jealousy, intolerance, hatred.
The "hy" factor- hysterical manifestations ("moral factor"). Positive choices testify to such qualities as demonstrativeness, the desire to impress others, and artistry. Negative choices - modesty, moral censorship, a tendency to fantasize.
These two factors create demonstrative vector "P".
Factor "k"- catoton tendencies (material factor I). Positive choices determine the presence of such personal qualities as egocentrism, pedantry, resentment, a tendency to logically reasonable processes. Negative - self-denial, the desire to adapt to the team.
"r" factor- paranoid tendencies (spiritual factor I). Positive elections testify to the desire for leadership, rivalry, and inflated self-esteem. Negative - about low self-esteem, caution, suspicion, vulnerability.
These two factors create vector "I-urges" - "Sch".
"d" factor- depressive-melancholic features.
"m" factor- Manic manifestations. Positive choices confirm the presence of desire for pleasure, fun, presence in the group; negative choices indicate a tendency towards loneliness and independence.
These two factors create vector of social involvement "C".
Scheme of transformation of drive factors:
| S | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| sexual attraction | |||
| h | s | ||
| The need for personal and collective tenderness |
Sadomasochism | ||
| h+ | h- | s+ | s- |
| Personal love: tenderness, suppleness, softness of character | Love for Humanity: craving for culture, love for nature | Sadism: cruelty, enterprise, perseverance | Masochism: devotion, obedience, self-sacrifice |
| Sch | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| I am attraction | |||
| k | p | ||
| The need for personal and collective tenderness |
Sadomasochism | ||
| k+ | k- | p+ | p- |
| Attribution trend: selfishness, prudence, pedantry, stubbornness | Denial trend: passion for denial, destruction | Inflation: ardor, overestimation of oneself, enthusiasm | Projection: underestimation of oneself, distrust, scrupulousness |
| P | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| paroxysmal attraction | |||
| e | hy | ||
| The need for ethical behavior |
The need for moral behavior |
||
| e+ | e- | hy+ | hy- |
| Kindness trend: kindness, kindness, benevolence | Evil trend: malice, vindictiveness, vindictiveness | Exhibitionism: craving for approval, ambition | Self-camouflage: shame, deceit, timidity, cowardice |
| C | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| contact attraction | |||
| d | m | ||
| Object search | Retention and rejection object |
||
| d+ | d- | m+ | m- |
| Object search: curiosity, insecurity, fickleness | Inertia: loyalty, greed, inertia | Saving an object: inconstancy, thirst for entertainment | Object Rejection: loneliness, fussiness, failure |