When does genital herpes stop coming out? Genital herpes – what to do? Arnica in folk treatment

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2. The schematic structure of the herpes simplex virus is shown in the figure.

Genital herpes is considered a relatively safe disease, as it does not lead to death and does not interfere with work internal organs, is not a cause of infertility. Genital herpes can be passed from mother to baby during childbirth, causing fatal complications. I'll talk about this below.

In 80% the cause of occurrence of this disease is the second type virus (HSV-2), in 20% - the first type herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) or a combination of HSV-1 and HSV-2. According to statistics, infection with these viruses reaches 90% of the entire world population. However, characteristic clinical symptoms will appear only in a small proportion of infected people. For example, in the United States, with HSV-2 infection of the population more than 20%, only 3% of the population reported having episodes of genital herpes at least once during their lifetime.

Historical background

The word "herpes" comes from the ancient Greek - herpain (ερπυσμός) or creeping. This is what Hippocrates called this disease 2400 years ago.

The first description of the symptoms of a “cold” on the lips was made by the Roman physician Herodotus in the 5th century BC.

The Roman Emperor Tiberius took the first effective anti-epidemic measures to combat herpes on the lips 2000 years ago. He banned senators from kissing in public in the Senate. In fact, it turns out that the rejection of loving couples passionately kissing in public places dates back to the times of Tiberius.

The chronicles contain information about an epidemic of genital herpes that struck French commercial sex workers in the 17th century. In 1736, a description of genital herpes was given by the physician-physician of King Louis XV, physician-philosopher Jean Astruc in his book De morbis venereis.

In 1912, the Germans W. Grüter and Löwenstein first proved the viral nature of herpes after a series of experiments in which they obtained herpetic keratitis in rabbits by applying the contents of vesicles obtained from patients with herpes simplex to the corneas of animals.

Herpes viruses were studied in detail in the 50s of the last century after the widespread introduction of electron microscopy.

Before 1977 effective medicines for the treatment of herpes practically did not exist until the American Gertrude Bell Elion and her co-authors invented acyclovir in the USA - the first and still quite relevant drug.

Methods of transmission of genital herpes include:

  • Direct transmission through sexual contact. As a result of the transfer of herpes from the genitals of the patient to the genitals of the infected person.
  • Household method of transmission. Occurs when herpes is transferred through clothing, household objects, when the labial herpes is touched by hands during an exacerbation, and then, without disinfecting the hands, touching the genitals.

Is genital herpes transmitted from an infected partner if he has no symptoms? Unfortunately, yes, but the likelihood of infection from an asymptomatic carrier is much lower.

Once on the genitals, herpes virions begin an active process of penetration into the nuclei of nerve cells. At the beginning of their journey, virions from the genitals enter the mucous membrane urinary tract and internal genital organs. Then they penetrate the cell nucleus and change the cell’s DNA by introducing their genetic material. As a result of this process, in addition to its substances, the cell begins to synthesize viral proteins, thereby providing the virus with material for creating new virions. These new particles, leaving the mother cell, spread throughout the body, gradually increasing their content, creating symptoms characteristic of herpes. Wandering in the body, the virus strives to reach the nucleus of nerve cells, since only they are capable of storing viral genes when immunity to the herpes virus is developed and the infected cells die. For genital herpes, the target cells will be the nerve cells located in the tailbone area. As soon as a decrease occurs immune defense body, new virions leave the cell and go to the external tissues, in this case from the tailbone to the genitals.

The following symptoms are typical for genital herpes:

  • Rash on the genitals.
  • The appearance of grouped bubbles filled with liquid, prone to merging, on the reddened areas.
  • After a few days, the contents of the bubbles become cloudy, they begin to burst and form erosions, which soon dry out and become crusty.
  • In the normal course of the disease, the crusts disappear over time, and in their place specific spots remain.
  • The patient feels itching, pain and burning in the lesions, there is an increase in temperature, weakness, enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes, headache and muscle pain, as well as increased urination.
  • The rashes may spread to the skin of the thighs, buttocks, lower extremities, as well as their occurrence in the anal area.
  • The severity of symptoms can vary greatly, from small rashes to forms with increased body temperature and a significant deterioration in general well-being. Symptoms are especially striking during the first episode of the disease.
  • Genital herpes is prone to recurrence.

This is what herpetic rashes look like, after a while the blisters burst and quite painful ulcerations remain.

Diagnosis of genital herpes primarily includes visual inspection external genitalia, anus, buttocks, thighs of the patient. In women, it is possible to examine the vaginal walls and the vaginal part of the cervix using speculum. For diagnostics genital herpes Additional diagnostic methods are not always needed.

The doctor has the following methods in his arsenal:

  • An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in which a blood sample is taken from the patient, and based on the titer of IgG and IgM specific to the virus, it is determined whether the body is familiar with it. This method serves as an additional one and is most often used when planning pregnancy, to find out whether there was contact with the virus, as well as in controversial cases.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) carried out only by liquid taken from blisters during rashes. The method is very accurate, but the fact that the material must be taken directly from the rashes is often not taken into account.
  • Culture method. This can also be carried out exclusively during a relapse with an atypical form of the disease, when it is not always possible to establish the cause of the rash. The culture method is very complex and expensive when studying viruses, so it is applicable only for scientific purposes.

It is not possible to completely get rid of the herpes simplex virus However, it is possible to reduce the intensity of clinical manifestations and the frequency of relapses of the disease.

Suppressive therapy, which consists in suppressing the activity of the virus in the body at any time, is quite effective today. For this purpose, special antiviral drugs are used - Acyclovir (Gerpevir, Zovirax), Famacyclovir (Famvir), Valaciclovir (Valtrex), Penciclovir (Denavir) - which prevent the virus from multiplying in the body even during a relapse. The earlier drugs are prescribed, the greater the effectiveness of treatment. Maximum effectiveness is achieved when treatment is started on the first day after the appearance of rashes or immediately before their appearance.

Continuous suppressive therapy has become somewhat widespread today, in which the patient uses antiviral drugs, regardless of whether she has a relapse of the disease or not. According to research results, such therapy can reduce the frequency, strength and duration of relapses, and together with other means of prevention, it also reduces the risk of infection of a healthy person from a carrier.

Prevention of genital herpes depends on whether the virus is in the body or not. In the absence, the goal is to avoid infection, which includes a number of the following measures:

  • keep orderly sex life
  • if your sexual partner has a recurrence of herpes - no matter on the lips or genitals - abstain from sex
  • use condoms, condoms do not protect against the transmission of herpes 100%
  • It should be remembered that a partner with herpetic rashes is more susceptible to contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections

If the virus has already settled in your body, then prevention will be aimed at reducing the frequency and severity of relapses in the following ways:

  • conducting suppressive therapy in the periods between relapses (acyclovir and analogues)
  • treatment of concomitant injuries and somatic diseases that reduce the body’s immune response (if any)

Genital herpes and pregnancy

If you are pregnant and have genital herpes You should tell your doctor if you have ever had or currently have symptoms. In rare cases genital herpes can lead to spontaneous abortion or premature birth. Most often, herpes is passed on to a baby during childbirth, which can cause a fatal infection ( neonatal herpes). This is why it is very important to avoid genital herpes during pregnancy, especially the first episode of the disease, because It is during primary infection that the development of neonatal herpes is most likely.

What to do if you already have genital herpes during pregnancy?

If you are pregnant and have genital herpes, you may be offered treatment for herpes with drugs such as acylovir or valacyclovir to reduce the risk of developing any symptoms and passing the disease to your baby. If you have symptoms genital herpes on the eve of childbirth, in order to prevent the occurrence of neonatal herpes, it is performed.

In Ukraine, in the case of the first episode of genital herpes 6 weeks before the expected birth, i.e. at 34 weeks and later, it is recommended. There is nothing indicated for the repeat episode.

– common viral disease, is transmitted mainly through sexual contact, infection is possible through airborne droplets, household contact, children become infected in the womb or during childbirth. The disease has a pronounced clinical picture, but can remain latent for a long time. For treatment, antiviral and immunomodulating drugs and folk remedies are used.

Genital herpes is transmitted primarily through sexual contact, but airborne transmission is also possible

How is genital herpes transmitted?

– a venereological viral disease that affects the genital organs, the disease is diagnosed in adults and children. Pathology can be congenital and acquired, primary, recurrent typical and atypical, asymptomatic carriers are distinguished. The ICD-10 code is A60.

There are 2 types of herpes simplex– HSV-1, HSV-2, it was previously believed that the first type of virus affects only the lips and the area around the mouth, and the second type affects the genitals. But studies have shown that both types of infectious agents cause genital herpes.

Routes of infection:

  • any type of sexual contact;
  • contact with the skin of an infected person - infection is possible only if there are lesions on the skin;
  • self-infection - if hygiene rules are not followed, the virus from the affected areas spreads to healthy tissue;
  • airborne - infection occurs when sharing hygiene items with a sick person; outside the body, the virus remains viable for up to 72 hours;
  • infection during organ transplantation and blood transfusion is a rare route of infection.

Affected skin

The main signs of initial genital herpes:

  • at the initial stage, a rash appears in the form of small blisters with serous fluid inside - localized on the sacral region, labia, thighs, clitoris, glans penis, anus;
  • after 3 days, the blisters begin to secrete pus, then burst, erosions and ulcers appear, which gradually become covered with a crust;
  • severe itching and burning of the affected areas, symptoms persist until complete recovery;
  • swelling and redness of the skin and genital mucosa;
  • fever, weakness;
  • when the virus enters the urethra, severe discomfort occurs during emptying of the bladder;
  • enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area.

The initial stage of herpes development

In women, rashes can appear not only on the external genitalia, but also spread to the vaginal mucosa, cervix, and anus, on the buttocks, pubis. The disease is often accompanied by intense aching pain in the lower abdomen, which radiates to the rectum, perineum, and vaginal discharge with admixtures of mucus and pus.

External genital herpes in women

Recurrent genital herpes is diagnosed in 75% of patients, the duration of the remission stage depends on the person’s immunity, type 2 virus provokes relapses more often than HSV-1.

In case of relapse, signs of the disease appear in a blurred form - minor itching and burning, rashes on the female and male organs not numerous, cover small areas of the skin and mucous membranes, temperature is normal, symptoms often go away on their own within a few days.

In women, genital herpes worsens after abortion, installation intrauterine device, during menstruation.

Which doctor treats herpes on the genitals?

Diagnosis and treatment of genital herpes is carried out by:

  • venereologist;
  • infectious disease specialist

Diagnostics

Often, the manifestations of herpes can be confused with recurrent candidiasis, streptococcal impetigo, lichen planus, pemphigus, syphilis, Crohn's disease, so a number of specific tests are prescribed to make an accurate diagnosis. For research, serous fluid, blood, mucus, urine, semen are used, a smear is made from the urethra and cervical canal, vagina.

PCR analysis is done to accurately detect the virus

Diagnostic methods:

  • direct immunofluorescence of biological material;
  • PCR – allows you to detect the presence of viral DNA;
  • isolation of the virus in cell culture.

ELISA is the most reliable test for suspected genital herpes; it allows you to detect the presence of specific antibodies in the blood serum and determine the extent of infection. Diagnosis is carried out twice with an interval of 2 weeks.

What the analysis shows

Treatment of herpes on the genitals

Therapy for herpes is aimed at suppressing the growth of the virus, eliminating the main symptoms of the disease, and prolonging the remission stage. Treatment is carried out using antiviral and antiherpes drugs; to enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs, laser irradiation of blood, plasmapheresis, traditional methods.

Medicines

To eliminate the manifestations of herpes, antiviral chemotherapy, immunotherapy and combination therapy are used. The treatment regimen is selected individually, depending on the severity of the pathology. It takes 10–21 days to completely eliminate the external manifestations of the primary form of the disease, and a week for the recurrent stage.

How to treat genital herpes:

  • antiviral drugs in the form of ointments and tablets - Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir;
  • immunomodulators – Panavir, Imunofan, Immunomax, Galavit;
  • combination drugs – Lavomax, has an immunomodulatory, antiviral effect;
  • vitamin C, E;
  • prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors – Indomethacin;
  • antiherpetic vaccine - it is given several months after the main manifestations of the disease have been eliminated.

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug wide range actions

Despite the diverse arsenal of antiherpetic drugs, there is no cure to completely get rid of the virus.

Folk remedies

Non-traditional treatment methods help strengthen the immune system and help reduce itching, but they must be used in combination with medications.

How to treat herpes infection with folk remedies:

  1. Dissolve 4 drops in 250 ml of water essential oil geraniums, tea tree, eucalyptus, moisten a thin cloth, apply compresses to the affected areas.
  2. Pour 15 g of birch buds into 200 ml of boiled milk, simmer the mixture over low heat for 5 minutes. Use the cooled and strained solution for compresses.
  3. Mix honey and celandine herb in equal parts, apply the ointment to areas affected by herpes until the rashes and itching disappear completely.

Echinacea tincture will help strengthen the body's defenses - 20 drops per 120 ml of water, take for 14 days. This treatment method is contraindicated in pregnant women.

Genital herpes during pregnancy

– dangerous disease for pregnant women, if the infection occurred in the first trimester, the woman is recommended to have an abortion, since the virus can provoke the development of pathologies in the fetus that are incompatible with life. Infection in the later stages is fraught with dropsy of the brain in the child, polyhydramnios, and a sharp decrease in the volume of amniotic fluid.

The presence of the virus in a pregnant woman can lead to the child being born defective, with congenital abnormalities, or dead

Most antiviral drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy; herpes infection is treated using external agents - Acyclovir, Acyclostad, Zovirax.

Genital herpes in children

In newborns, signs of congenital genital herpes appear within a few hours after birth. Antiviral therapy is prescribed immediately, since a lethal outcome is possible due to weak immunity.

Signs of the disease:

  • characteristic herpetic rashes in the eye area, mucous membrane of the eyes, throughout the body;
  • redness of the skin, hemorrhages;
  • meningoencephalitis;
  • conjunctivitis, clouding of the lens;
  • disturbances in the functioning of the respiratory and nervous systems.

The development of herpes can lead to inflammation of the urethra

Consequences of the disease:

  • problems with urination;
  • secondary infectious complications;
  • damage by the virus to brain tissue, internal organs, and the central nervous system;
  • the appearance of malignant and benign neoplasms;
  • adhesions in the genitals;
  • chronic severe pain syndrome;
  • pregnancy pathologies.

In men, against the background of herpes infection, urogenital pathologies often develop - inflammation of the urethra, prostatitis, erectile dysfunction.

Prevention

Every year the number of patients with genital herpes increases; about 90% of the adult population are carriers of the virus.

How to avoid infection:

  • maintain a monogamous sexual relationship;
  • use barrier contraception:
  • give up bad habits, junk food;
    • Important!

    Condoms reduce the risk of infection, but do not provide a 100% guarantee.

Genital herpes(genital herpes) is a sexually transmitted infection. Many people infected with the genital herpes virus do not develop symptoms of genital herpes, but they may be contagious to their sexual partners.

Symptoms of genital herpes can range from mild soreness to painful blisters on the genitals and surrounding area. The first manifestation of genital herpes lasts about 2–3 weeks.

Recurrences of genital herpes occur from time to time, but are usually less severe than the first episode of genital herpes. Antiviral treatment relieves symptoms of genital herpes. With frequent relapses of genital herpes, preventive antiviral treatment is carried out.

There are 2 types of herpes simplex virus: Herpes simplex virus type 1 is a common cause of cold sores around the mouth. It has now been proven that herpes simplex virus type 1 causes more than half of cases of genital herpes; Herpes simplex virus type 2 affects only the genitals.

Causes of genital herpes

The herpes virus can be transmitted through contact, sexual contact and from mother to fetus. Genital herpes is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with a person infected with the herpes virus.

The most susceptible to damage by the herpes virus is the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, genitals and anal area. This means that genital herpes can occur through vaginal, anal or oral sex. For example, if you have herpes sores around your mouth, you can spread the herpes virus to your partner through oral sex.

When you first become infected with the herpes virus, it is called a primary infection. Primary infection with the herpes virus may occur with or without symptoms. After the initial infection, the virus remains in the body in an inactive state in nerve cells. During an exacerbation, the herpes virus leaves nerve cells and affects areas of the skin and mucous membranes along the nerve endings.

This causes a recurrence of genital herpes symptoms if the primary infection was in the genital area or a recurrence of cold sores if the primary infection was around the mouth. Most people who are infected with the herpes virus have no or minimal symptoms that are not recognized as genital herpes (for example, slight redness with moderate itching that goes away quickly).

At least 8 out of 10 people with herpes simplex virus type 2 do not know they are infected. In such people, the virus remains in an inactive form in the nerve ganglion that innervates the genitals, but never causes a recurrence of genital herpes symptoms. However, even people with asymptomatic genital herpes can be contagious to their sexual partners.

Symptoms of genital herpes

The incubation period of the disease is 1-10 days. Herpes appears in the form of blisters near the mouth, on the cheeks, lips, wings of the nose, the membrane of the eye, and the mucous membrane of the genital organs. Often in the area of ​​the rash there is a feeling of itching, burning, and pain. The contents of the bubbles are usually transparent, but may also be bloody. The disease may be accompanied by poor health, decreased appetite, fatigue, and fever.

After 2–4 days, the blisters open, forming weeping wounds, less often - ulcers that heal under a crust or without its formation. Patients are concerned about itching, burning, and pain in the affected area.

Some patients experience an increase in body temperature up to 38 °C and a painful enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes. The duration of the acute period of genital herpes can reach 3–5 weeks. Atypical forms of herpes of the external genitalia are more common in women than in men. In the edematous form of genital herpes, the lesion on the mucous membrane of the genital organs is represented by redness and swelling.

The “itchy” form of genital herpes is characterized by periodic local appearance of severe itching and (or) burning in the area of ​​the external genitalia with slight redness of the mucous membrane of the genital organs in the lesion. Atypical forms of genital herpes also include HSV infection, manifested by single deep recurrent cracks in the mucous membrane and underlying tissues of the labia minora and majora, accompanied by severe pain.

The low-symptomatic form of genital herpes is manifested by the short-term (less than a day) appearance of one or more microcracks, accompanied by slight itching. Sometimes subjective feelings are missing. A feature of genital herpes of the female genital organs is multifocality. The lower part is often involved in the painful process urethra, mucous membrane of the rectum.

Damage to the urethra is manifested by pain and stinging at the beginning of urination. When the mucous membrane of the rectum is damaged, patients are bothered by itching, a burning sensation and pain in the lesion, small superficial cracks appear that bleed during bowel movements.

If you find some of these symptoms, you should contact or go to a specialized clinic -.

Descriptions of symptoms of genital herpes

Diagnosis of genital herpes

Methods for laboratory diagnosis of genital herpes are fundamentally divided into two groups: isolation and identification of the herpes virus (on cell culture) or identification of the herpes simplex virus antigen from infected material (in the immunofluorescence reaction, polymerase chain reaction “PCR”, etc.); detection of herpes-specific antibodies (IgM, IgG) in blood serum.

When diagnosing herpes, it is necessary to remember that: to reduce the likelihood of a false negative diagnosis, especially with genital herpes and asymptomatic forms herpes, it is necessary to examine the maximum number of samples from one patient (vaginal discharge, cervical canal, urethra, prostate juice, sperm, urine), because the herpes virus is rarely detected simultaneously in all environments.

If a herpetic infection is suspected, it is necessary to conduct multiple virological studies of the discharge of the genitourinary system in patients, because a negative result of a single virological test cannot completely exclude the diagnosis of genital herpes.

The frequency of herpes virus isolation in women largely depends on the phase menstrual cycle. In more than 70% of patients suffering from herpes, the virus is released at the beginning of the menstrual cycle. Detection of specific immunoglobulins IgM in the absence of IgG or with a 4-fold increase in titers of specific IgG in paired blood sera obtained from a patient with an interval of 10-12 days indicates a primary infection with herpes.

The detection of specific immunoglobulins IgM against the background of IgG in the absence of a significant increase in IgG titers in paired sera indicates an exacerbation of chronic herpetic infection. Detection of IgG titers above average is an indication for additional examination of the patient and detection of herpes virus isolation in the media.

Treatment of genital herpes

Although there is no cure for herpes, treatment can relieve symptoms. Medicines can reduce pain and may shorten the time it takes for the wound to heal. They may also reduce the overall number of herpes outbreaks. Warm baths can relieve pain associated with genital ulcers. Treatment of genital herpes is a difficult task due to the lack of drugs that have a direct, specific effect on the virus.

Treatment is also difficult due to the possibility of reinfection. The course of genital herpes is usually characterized by frequent relapses and constant persistence of the virus in the body. It should be emphasized that none of the known antiviral drugs is capable of eliminating the virus from the body and, thus, significantly influencing the latent course of the disease.

Therefore, treatment of genital herpes is carried out comprehensively and is aimed at blocking the reproduction of the virus while simultaneously stimulating factors of specific and nonspecific resistance of the body. When treating genital herpes, five goals should be distinguished:

The latter goal can only be achieved if chemotherapy treatment is started within 24 hours after the initial infection, which would prevent the virus from entering a latent state.

All currently known drugs characterized by high antiherpetic activity can be divided into three main groups: inhibitors of viral nucleic acid replication:

Of the nucleoside analogues, the most important for clinical practice is Zovirax (acyclovir, Virolex) - this is a drug with a complex mechanism of action based on differences in the metabolism of infected and uninfected cells. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit viral DNA polymerase.

During an exacerbation of herpes, Zovirax is used 200 mg 5 times a day for 5 days, which helps reduce the period of rashes and accelerate the healing period of erosions. Continuous administration of the drug 200 mg 4 times a day for 1-3 years allows to achieve stable remission of the disease for the period of taking the drug. Pyrophosphate analogues are foscarnet and its derivatives (Triapten ointment 3%).

Foscarnet inhibits the activity of viral DNA polymerase at concentrations that do not interfere with the functioning of cellular DNA polymerase. Treatment with foscarnet should begin when the first symptoms of a herpetic infection (burning, pain, parasthesia) appear. With timely use, foscarnet completely suppresses the reproduction of the virus and prevents the formation of herpetic vesicles.

Treatment results improve when antiviral therapy is combined with interferon, especially highly active (1 ml once every 3 days, for a course of 5-8 injections), leukinferon. Leukinferon is a preparation of human interferon and other cytokines. The dry preparation is an amorphous white powder. Easily soluble in water. The ampoule contains 10,000 IU of the antiviral activity of human interferon-alpha.

Leukinferon has antiviral and immunomodulatory activity, and also causes activation of cellular reactions of anti-infective and anti-tumor immunity. The drug accelerates the processes of proliferation and differentiation of immunoregular subpopulations of lymphocytes, activates cytolytic and phagocytic reactions in the body, and prevents the development of immunosuppression.

When administered intramuscularly, the immunobiological effects persist for several days. Treatment is carried out in the form of intramuscular injections of 10,000 IU, the first 5 injections every other day and another 3-5 injections with an interval of 3-4 days; per course up to 10 ampoules. In case of long-term inflammatory process, the administration of human immunoglobulin with antiherpesviral activity is indicated. It is possible to use the drug "Viferon". Treatment consists of rectal administration of suppositories containing 500 IU of interferon.

Use during pregnancy allows you to achieve not only an increase in interferon status, but also elimination of the pathogen. To prevent infection of the fetus during childbirth, pregnant women with acute herpetic lesions of the genital organs are given C-section. An active primary urogenital infection that occurs during pregnancy is not an indication for its termination, since infection through the placenta is rare.

Instructions for the use of drugs for genital herpes

Questions and answers on the topic "Genital herpes"

Question:Can a person infected with genital herpes infect a child and what precautions should be taken?

Answer: The herpes virus can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact of an infected person. Based on the fact that herpes is transmitted by contact, personal hygiene rules should be carefully observed during the course of the disease. It is strictly forbidden to use household items that have been touched by a sick person. All healthy people living in the same house as a carrier of the infection should constantly disinfect their hands using antibacterial soap.

Question:Could red spots on the head be genital herpes? How does it manifest itself?

Question:Hello! I have been undergoing treatment for herpes (genital, as well as rashes on the buttocks) for six months now. I took amixin, acyclovir, and injected cycloferon. I donated blood for immunity tests, the tests were good. Nothing helps, every month I get rashes again. The last time my husband was treated (cycloferon and acyclovir). What to do? Please advise.

Answer: Hello. Treatment of genital herpes sometimes requires huge amount effort, time and money. This problem also exists in countries with very developed medicine - herpes is difficult to treat. It is necessary to repeat courses or start a long course of antiviral drugs - only under the supervision of a doctor.

Question:How can it be that one of the spouses often suffers from genital herpes, while the other does not experience any manifestations of the infection?

Answer: The reason for this is that in most cases, herpes infection is asymptomatic - the pathogen seems to be dormant in the body. Therefore, a virus received from a husband (wife) does not necessarily lead to rashes. The decisive role in their appearance is played by the state of the immune system, which normally suppresses the activity of HSV and prevents the development of exacerbations.

Question:Is it possible to get genital herpes from a partner with herpetic rashes on the lips? And vice versa?

Answer: Yes, you can. These diseases are caused by two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV) – HSV-1 and HSV-2. Previously, it was believed that the first type of virus causes rashes on the lips (labial herpes), and the second - on the genitals (genital herpes). However, it turned out that both types of the virus can affect both the lips and genitals. So during oral sex, the infection can be transmitted from the lips of one partner to the genitals of the other and vice versa.

Question:Is Gaviran effective in the treatment of genital herpes and how long does it take from the rash to complete healing? Tell me please, can laundry become contagious after washing?

Answer: Geviran (acyclovir) tablets are effective in the treatment of genital herpes. From the onset of relapse to complete healing, as a rule, it takes 3-7 days. If you start taking antiviral drugs early, the duration of the relapse is shortened; in some cases, when taking tablet drugs (acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir), it is possible to avoid the development of a relapse. No, after washing with synthetic detergents(washing powder, soap) laundry is disinfected.

Question:I started showing signs of genital herpes before I became sexually active. Is this possible?

Answer: Yes, such cases are described in the literature and are extremely rare. One of the proposed mechanisms for the occurrence of the disease is self-infection, when a child uses his hands to transfer herpes from the lips to the genitals or is infected by an adult who has herpetic rashes on his hands.

Question:Which one is the most best ointment for the treatment of genital herpes rashes, capable of extinguishing the outbreak in the shortest possible time?

Answer: Ointments will not be used to treat foci of genital herpes. It is believed that the most effective therapy is based on taking acyclovir or valacyclovir.

Question:Please answer the question: can genital herpes transform into ocular herpes? Or is this only possible through mechanical transmission of the virus?

Answer: Indeed, if you first touch herpetic lesions on the genitals and then rub your eyes, there is a high risk of developing ocular herpes. Therefore, during an outbreak of genital herpes, it is necessary to carefully observe personal hygiene measures and wash your hands after each contact with the genitals.

Question:Is there any effect from using acyclovir tablets daily for 9-12 months and does this lead to more frequent relapses after the end of treatment?

Answer: Long-term treatment with acyclovir is possible only under medical supervision. Scientific evidence suggests that long-term continuous use of acyclovir increases the interval between relapses. But after stopping acyclovir once, there may be a more pronounced relapse of the disease; this is associated with a decrease in the titer of antibodies that block the herpes virus during treatment with the drug.

Question:Is it possible to become infected with genital herpes through water (bathroom, swimming pool) or when washing underwear?

Answer: This route of infection is very practically impossible. Genital herpes is 99.5% transmitted sexually.

Question:I have genital herpes, relapses every month. I bought some homeopathic tablets "Bioline Herpes", but so far they have not helped.

Answer: All over the world homeopathic medicines classified as food additives. There is no scientific evidence of the effectiveness of homeopathy. In my opinion, if you believe in homeopathy, then thanks to the power of autosuggestion it works. When treating frequently recurrent forms of genital herpes, one must focus on modern antiviral drugs: zovirax, valacyclovir, famvir.

Question:Please tell me, is there any chance of being cured from genital herpes? And can I infect my loved one if I have sex without a condom? The fact is that I once felt an unpleasant sensation near my vagina, I had sex that day without a condom, and the next day 2 bubbles poured out. And another question: do the bubbles necessarily cause concern (itching, etc.)?

Answer: It is currently impossible to completely cure genital herpes, but existing treatment methods can significantly increase the intervals between relapses. For treatment, you must consult a qualified doctor. Genital herpes can be transmitted to a partner both during the relapse-free interval and during the first warning signs of disease (itching, tingling, pain at the site of future rashes), and directly during the actual relapse. To reduce the risk of passing genital herpes to your partner, you should use a condom. In addition, it is your duty to inform your partner about your illness. A healthy person should have a choice: whether to get sick or not. With herpes, itchy blisters and rashes. If there is no itching, then you need to differentiate herpes from other skin and sexually transmitted diseases.

Question:When we consulted a doctor locally (Kostanay, Kazakhstan), the doctor explained to us that if genital herpes manifests itself externally in the first months of pregnancy, this could lead to future deformity of the child and other similar problems, for this reason she was forced to have an abortion. Herpes appeared monthly before pregnancy, a little 1-2 “bubbles” and disappeared after 2-5 days. We took Acyclovir tablets, but there was no effect. What to do?

Answer: Recurrent genital herpes does not affect the course of a normal pregnancy, so you were given an abortion without proper grounds. The development of congenital deformities due to genital herpes is possible if an outbreak of genital herpes occurs for the first time in a woman’s life before 12 weeks of pregnancy. With recurrent genital herpes, you can safely become pregnant and give birth.

Genital herpes is a fairly common problem. Statistical studies indicate that almost 20% of the planet's population are carriers of the virus of this disease. In most cases, the infection can be cured quite easily, especially if diagnosed early. On the other hand, the development of inflammation of the urinary system and other complications is possible.

In light of such facts, information about this viral disease will be useful for every person. How is it transmitted? Are there any effective methods protection from the virus? What symptoms should you pay attention to? What treatment can modern medicine offer? How dangerous is this disease? Many readers are looking for answers to these questions.

General information about genital herpes

It's no secret that the herpevirus family is quite large and includes more than 200 various types. And before considering the question of how the herpes virus is transmitted, it is worth learning more about the causative agent of this disease.

By the way, the “culprits” for the development of the disease are two main types, namely: HSV-1 and HVS-2, which are commonly referred to as herpes simplex viruses. Virions of these two types are quite similar - the differences between them are only in the different composition of the glycoproteins of the protein shell. Symptoms of genital herpes can develop when tissue becomes infected with any of these types of herpes. Nevertheless, statistical studies confirm that damage to the mucous membrane of the genital organs more often appears in connection with the activity of herpes simplex type 2.

How is genital herpes transmitted?

Herpes is extremely common among the modern population. So how is genital herpes transmitted? The main route of infection is unprotected sexual contact with infected people. At the same time, the likelihood of catching an infection is greater if your partner’s herpes is in the acute stage. By the way, not only traditional vaginal contacts are potentially dangerous - viral particles can also pass from person to person during oral and anal intercourse.

Many people are interested in questions about whether genital herpes is transmitted through airborne droplets. The answer to this question is no, since virions are destroyed very quickly in the external environment. Household transmission possible, but the likelihood of contracting an infection by sharing towels or other things with an infected person is much lower.

Is genital herpes transmitted through blood? Absolutely yes. It is also possible that the fetus may become infected during pregnancy if the mother is a carrier of viral particles. By the way, the activation of herpes during this period is quite dangerous, as it can harm the body of the mother and child.

How do diseases develop? Brief description of physiological changes

We have already looked at the question of how genital herpes is transmitted. Regardless of how exactly pathogenic virions entered the human body, their development pattern looks the same. Through the mucous membranes, viral particles “migrate” to the tissues and then penetrate into the cells. The genetic material of the virus is incorporated into the DNA of a human cell, as a result of which they begin to synthesize not only their own, but also viral copies of the genetic material. This is exactly what happens. When the number of infected cells increases sharply, the standard symptoms of herpes develop.

Moreover, viral particles spread to nerve fibers. And if, after treatment, all infected cells are destroyed and replaced by new and healthy ones, viral particles remain in the nerve ganglia. That is why it is completely impossible to cure a person from a herpetic infection - there is always a risk of relapse.

Are there risk factors?

We found out the answer to the question of how the herpes virus is transmitted. But, according to scientific research and statistics, there are groups of people in whom this infection is diagnosed more often than others. For example, it has been proven that homosexuals and people have antibodies to the herpes virus more often. The same can be applied to the fair sex - it is much easier for women to catch such an infection.

Naturally, the risk group includes people who lead a promiscuous sex life, because the virus is most often transmitted sexually. Genital herpes is also quite often diagnosed in combination with others, since weakened immune system is not able to protect the body from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms.

It is also worth saying that not all carriers of this pathogen show symptoms of the disease. Many people are unaware of the infection for years. The fact is that a healthy immune system clearly controls the number of viral particles, preventing the infection from multiplying and spreading.

As a rule, the appearance of symptoms of genital herpes is associated with a weakening of the immune defense, which, in turn, can be a consequence of vitamin deficiencies, pregnancy, sudden climate changes, overheating and hypothermia of the body, and smoking. Also, activation of the herpes virus is often observed in the presence of colds, which briefly reduce the activity of the immune system. Do not forget that frequent stress, constant fatigue, emotional stress, nervous breakdowns- all this affects the state of the immune system and can activate a viral herpes infection.

Main symptoms of the disease

It is immediately worth noting that long-term persistence of symptoms of genital herpes is not at all necessary. Moreover, quite often the primary disease occurs without any symptoms. In such cases, doctors talk about virus carriage - a condition in which a person is a source of infection, but he himself does not have any complications or disorders.

But another clinical picture is also possible. Approximately 1-10 days after infection, itching and a burning sensation appear in the genital area. Sometimes swelling of the mucous membranes is also observed. These are the first signs of genital herpes.

After some time, a characteristic rash begins to appear on the mucous membrane, which looks like blisters with watery contents. The skin around the rash turns red, and the itching often becomes more intense.

As the disease progresses, the lymph nodes in the groin area may become enlarged, which confirms the presence of an infectious inflammatory process. In addition, some patients experience other signs of intoxication of the body, namely: increased body temperature, weakness, chills, fatigue, and muscle aches. After a few days (usually 2-4), the blisters begin to crack, their contents come out, and small ulcers form at the site of the rash.

This stage usually lasts about 2-5 weeks. With proper and timely treatment, the main symptoms of herpes go away after 1-3 weeks. By the way, in some people the exacerbation of the disease goes away on its own, without the use of any drugs.

Approximately 75% of patients experience so-called recurrent genital herpes, which is repeated exacerbations of the disease from time to time. Such relapses pass relatively easily - there is no weakness or fever. The same rash forms on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs, although in much smaller quantities. The rashes disappear faster and do not cause as much discomfort.

Features of genital herpes in women

Of course, the characteristics of the disease directly depend on the gender of the patient. For example, in women, a rash appears not only on the labia, but also on the mucous membrane of the vagina, around the anus, and sometimes even on the skin of the buttocks. Added to the overall clinical picture in a woman are: nagging pain in the lower abdomen, which intensify in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Sometimes the pain is quite noticeable and can radiate to the rectum.

Complications of genital herpes can be dangerous. For example, patients are sometimes diagnosed with the so-called atypical form diseases. The disease is not accompanied standard set symptoms. There are no rashes, pain or itching. However, there is constant chronic inflammation of the pelvic organs. This affects the state of the reproductive system, and sometimes leads to complete infertility.

Features of the course of the disease in men

Herpes in men is also accompanied by the appearance of rashes, and they are localized mainly on the head of the penis. Quite often, patients complain of pain that spreads to the perineal area.

If left untreated, the infection can lead to inflammatory process organs of the urethra. A fairly common complication is urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). Defeat prostate gland herpes virus can lead to the development of acute prostatitis.

Modern diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of genital herpes is a rather lengthy process. If you suspect an infection, you should immediately consult a doctor. As a rule, the first step is to collect a medical history and examine the patient for the presence of the main external symptoms of the disease. For example, characteristic blisters can be found on the skin of the genital organs.

By the way, sometimes the contents of the vesicles are taken for analysis, during which viral particles are planted on a chicken embryo, observing the development and death of cells. Such a study is quite labor-intensive, but makes it possible to accurately determine the type of virus and determine its sensitivity to certain medications.

PCR diagnostics are considered quite accurate. Also in modern medicine An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is often used, during which they determine the presence in the blood not of the virus, but of antibodies to it, which indicates a previous illness and, accordingly, the presence of herpes virions in the patient’s body.

What treatment does modern medicine offer?

Of course, the treatment regimen is determined individually and directly depends on the severity of the disease, the age and gender of the patient, the individual characteristics of the body, and the presence or absence of complications. However, some common features it is possible to highlight.

The basis of therapy is antiviral drugs. The most popular and effective medications include Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, Foscarnet and many others. Today, these medications are produced in different forms, including tablets, solutions for intravenous and external use, ointments and gels that help relieve itching and burning. According to statistical studies, the effectiveness level of this medicine is 60-70%. In most cases, therapy with antiviral drugs lasts 7-10 days.

Quite often, treatment is supplemented with medications that stimulate the body’s production of its own interferon. Such drugs activate the immune system, accelerating the healing process. To the most effective means include "Amiksin", "Arbidol", "Poludan". By the way, these are the drugs prescribed for routine prevention of recurrent genital herpes.

Genital herpes during pregnancy: what is the danger?

Infection with herpes during pregnancy is extremely dangerous, both for the woman and for the growing fetus. The consequences of the disease depend on many factors. For example, if the expectant mother was infected during the first trimester, then the likelihood of spontaneous abortion is high. In addition, viral particles can penetrate the tissues of the fetus, causing disturbances in its further development.

Activation of herpes in later stages of pregnancy can lead to premature birth, which is also fraught with complications, because we're talking about about a premature baby. There is also a possibility of infection of the fetus during childbirth and the development of herpes in a newborn child, whose body tolerates this infection quite hard. The decision on how to treat a genital infection can only be made by the attending physician, since not all antiviral medications are allowed during this period.

Basic preventive measures

Knowing how genital herpes is transmitted and how it occurs, it is quite easy to guess what exactly prevention looks like. Since viral particles are mainly transmitted during sexual intercourse, it is extremely important to use condoms. However, even they cannot guarantee 100% protection, and therefore during an exacerbation of the disease, experts recommend completely abandoning contact with a partner.

From time to time, you can take a course of antiviral drugs, which reduce the likelihood of a relapse in an infected person and minimize the possibility of the infection spreading to healthy person. But, again, such drugs can only be prescribed by the attending physician.

After unprotected sexual intercourse with a carrier of the virus, the external genitalia can be treated antiseptic. And of course, it’s worth watching your diet, maintaining physical activity, walking in the fresh air, in a word, strengthening your immune system.

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection that causes blisters and sores on and around the genitals.

Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Genital herpes often affects young people aged 20-24 years. Every year, 24 million new cases of genital herpes are registered worldwide.

Many people do not know that they have genital herpes, although the herpes blisters are usually painful. A man with genital herpes (as well as a woman) can still transmit herpes even if they don't have any obvious signs of the disease.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes genital herpes. There are two types of herpes virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Most people with genital herpes are infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).

Once the virus penetrates the skin, it begins to travel along nerve pathways. It can quiet down (become inactive) in the nerves and remain there indefinitely.

From time to time the virus may make forays (become active). When this happens, the virus travels along the nerves to the surface of the skin, where its numbers increase exponentially.

At this point, the virus may cause a flare-up of symptoms, or it may go undetected.

Anyway active virus is easily transferred from one partner to another through sexual contact. Even use barrier contraception cannot protect a healthy partner, since the virus may be present on skin that remains uncovered.

The number of recurrences or outbreaks of the disease varies from person to person.

What are the signs of genital herpes?

You may never notice signs of genital herpes at all. At the same time, you may notice symptoms of herpes several days (up to 2 weeks) after initial contact with the patient. Or, conversely, you may not have an initial outbreak of symptoms until months or even years after infection.

When symptoms appear soon after infection, they are usually more severe than if they appeared later. These signs may first appear as small blisters that eventually burst and are replaced by moist, painful sores that become scab-like and heal within a few weeks.

Genital herpes sores on the penis.

The appearance of blisters and ulcers may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms with fever and swollen, enlarged lymph nodes.

Any of the following symptoms of a genital infection may occur in a man or woman:

  • Cracked, weeping or red areas around your genitals or anal area without pain, itching or tingling.
  • Itching or tingling around your genitals or anal area.
  • Small blisters that burst and cause painful sores. They may be on or around your genitals, penis or vagina, or on your buttocks, thighs or rectal area.
  • Less commonly, blisters may occur inside the urethra. This is especially painful in women during urination, when urine passes through the ulcers.
  • Headaches.
  • Back pain.
  • Flu symptoms, including fever, swelling lymph nodes and fatigue.

Herpetic vesicle.

Genital herpes is not the only disease that can cause these symptoms.

The only way to know whether they are the result of the herpes simplex virus or another condition is to see a qualified doctor who will examine your body and send a swab to a laboratory for testing to confirm or rule out a diagnosis of Genital Herpes.

Can the symptoms of genital herpes be treated?

There is no cure for herpes, but symptoms can be reduced and relieved with medication. Treatment may also reduce the risk of passing the virus on to someone else.

Your doctor may prescribe antiviral medications to help prevent or reduce pain and discomfort from the rash. Medicines taken daily to suppress the virus can reduce the risk of contracting the virus.

Can signs of genital herpes reappear?

The rash may recur in a person who has already had the rash. But many people get away with only a one-time rash.

Over time, the body develops stronger immunity to the virus, and exacerbations become less frequent, and for some people they stop altogether.

What causes symptoms to return?

Symptoms usually recur during stress or illness, because they reduce the body’s defenses and immunity.

Also contribute to aggravation:

  • fatigue,
  • disease,
  • menstruation,
  • stress,
  • operation.

Video. Genital herpes. What are the symptoms? What tests should I take? How to treat?

Is it possible to treat genital herpes at home?

Yes, there are things you can do to reduce pain and discomfort at home. For example:

  1. Take painkillers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol.
  2. Wash painful areas with warm soda water twice a day - 1/2 teaspoon of soda with a glass of warm water.
  3. Wear loose clothing to circulate air around the sores.
  4. Cool the painful area with an ice pack after wrapping it in a towel.
  5. Rest more, don't overexert yourself.
  6. Apply petroleum jelly or anesthetic or gel to the blisters or sores. This may reduce pain when urinating.
  7. Drink plenty of fluids, which will dilute the concentration of urine.

To avoid infecting others, follow these steps:

  1. Don't kiss when you or your boyfriend/girlfriend has herpetic rashes.
  2. Avoid oral sex when either partner has an oral or genital rash.
  3. If you have ulcers, avoid any type of sex.
  4. Wash your hands with soap and water after touching affected parts of your body.
  5. Don't lick contact lenses saliva.

Herpes on the lips (“cold”).

How serious a health problem is genital herpes?

For most people, genital herpes does not pose a serious threat to their health. In addition to discomfort, genital herpes is more of a source of psychological stress. ABOUT n can create the following psychological problems:

  • Anxiety.
  • Decreased self-esteem.
  • Fear of infecting loved ones.

In some cases, however, complications from genital herpes can be serious, even life-threatening.

Although it is rare, pregnant women can pass herpes infection to their baby. This can lead to the development of a serious illness in the child. If you have signs of a recurrence (recurrence) of a genital herpes infection at the start of labor, or you first develop genital herpes in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy, your doctor may recommend a C-section for delivery.

Is genital herpes dangerous for pregnant women?

About 26% of teenagers and young women are infected with genital herpes. Genital herpes is one of the most common. This means that 1 in 4 pregnant women will have genital herpes. A pregnant woman with genital herpes can infect her child during childbirth. But if a woman had genital herpes before pregnancy or if she is infected for the first time in early pregnancy, the likelihood of her child becoming infected will be very low - less than 1%.

Women with genital herpes should check themselves carefully before going into labor. If e there are signs of relapse (recurrence) genital herpes infection during childbirth or if a woman develops genital herpes for the first time in late pregnancy (6 weeks before birth), When the risk of infection of a child is high (about 40%) ( the mother’s immune system has not had time to develop antibodies against the virus), then a caesarean section is performed. Women with an old herpes infection have antibodies against the virus, which help protect the baby.

If you are pregnant and think you have recently become ill, tell your doctor or midwife immediately.

How to avoid getting herpes during pregnancy

To avoid getting genital herpes - abstain from any type of sexual intercourse for the sake of your child's health. Women who do not have genital herpes should be careful about sexual intercourse during third trimester. If you don't know for sure whether your partner has herpes, then avoid during the third trimester. If your boyfriend/husband has herpes rashes on the lips or in the mouth (oral herpes), then refrain from kissing and oral caresses.

All pregnant women should be tested for herpes, especially if their husband has herpes.

Ask your doctor to test you for herpes so you can have a healthy baby!

Treatment of genital herpes during pregnancy

Women taking antiviral medications for herpes—daily suppressive (herpes suppressive) therapy or once-a-day therapy for a flare-up—should consult with their doctor about whether they should take these medications during pregnancy. You and your doctor should discuss the risks and benefits to decide what's right for you.

Do not self-medicate!!! Herpes is serious!

Consequences of herpes in a mother for a newborn. The skin did not form on the entire body; only a membrane formed on a larger area.

A herpes infection in a newborn can cause very serious harm. Don't let anyone with herpes kiss your baby. If you have herpes on your lips Do not kiss the baby and wash your hands with soap and water before touching the baby.

Video. Herpes during pregnancy.

People with genital herpes have more. One reason is that the cracks and breaks in the skin that occur as a result of a flare-up of symptoms create openings through which HIV can enter the body.

Can genital herpes be a sign of HIV, AIDS?

A person who has recurring exacerbations (manifestations) of genital herpes must undergo treatment. Because flare-ups can be a sign of a weakened immune system. People who have genital herpes sores are more likely to become infected with HIV during intercourse. To be precise, Having herpes makes a person two to four times more susceptible to HIV infection, IN contact with HIV ( HIV-infected person, its biological fluids). This is because open sores make it easier for the HIV virus to enter the body. Additionally, when you have an infection, your immune system kicks up a notch by creating disease-fighting cells called macrophages. The HIV virus can bind to these macrophages in mucous membranes, such as the vagina or anus, and thus pass into the bloodstream. If you have an infection () in the genital area, macrophages are especially concentrated there, giving HIV more opportunities to enter your body.

To help prevent HIV transmission, concerned people (with and without herpes) have several options:

  • Use barrier contraception during vaginal, anal and oral intercourse.
  • Avoid intercourse during herpes outbreaks (which may help prevent the transmission of HIV and herpes).
  • Get tested regularly for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and encourage your partner(s) to also get tested and treated if needed.
  • Limit the number of partners and communication with partners about any past or current infections.

Compound effect of genital herpes and HIV

HIV and the herpes virus mutually enhance each other's destructive effects. Research shows that when the herpes virus is active, it promotes increased reproduction of HIV (). The more HIV replicates, the more the body's infection-fighting cells (CD4) are destroyed, ultimately leading to. People infected with HIV and the herpes virus may have longer, more frequent, and more severe outbreaks of herpes symptoms because a weakened immune system cannot control the herpes virus as effectively as a healthy immune system.

Genital herpes and problems with HIV treatment

It is often more difficult to treat genital herpes if you also have HIV. Treatment of herpes in people with HIV often requires higher doses of antiviral drugs. In addition, many people with HIV have strains of the herpes virus that are resistant to treatment with standard antiviral drugs. If you are taking antiviral drugs for genital herpes and the treatment does not work, your doctor may test the virus you have for resistance to antiviral drugs. If the virus is persistent, there are other possible alternative treatment regimens that are given intravenously.

If you have HIV, ask your doctor if you still need to be tested for genital herpes. If you already know you have herpes and HIV, discuss treatment options with your healthcare professional.

Although there is no cure for HIV or herpes, both infections can be treated.

Treating herpes and/or HIV can help reduce the chance of passing the virus on to another person and can also help a person with either type of infection stay healthy.

If you have reason to believe that you may have a genital herpes infection as a result of sexual contact - genital or oral - contact medical care see a doctor!

May the hand of the giver never fail

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