Daniel Defoe. Presentation on the topic “Daniel Defoe Presentation on the biography of Defoe
After his release from prison, Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe. This book was published in 1719. Defoe himself traveled only once: in his youth he sailed to Portugal, and the rest of the time he lived in his homeland. But the writer took the plot of the novel from life. Residents of England at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries could repeatedly hear stories from sailors about people who lived for more or less long periods of time on various uninhabited islands. But no story of this kind has attracted as much attention as the story of the Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, who lived on a desert island all alone for four years and four months (1705-1709) until he was picked up by a passing ship. Selkirk's story served as the most important source for Robinson. This book has earned extraordinary popularity not only in England, but in all countries of the civilized world. The entire novel is imbued with educational ideas.
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Daniel Defoe
The presentation was prepared by Yana Blinova, a student of grade 7 “B”
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Living environment
In 1665, a plague epidemic broke out in London, which went down in history as the “Great Plague of London.” Every fifth Londoner died from the disease, but the Defoe family was not affected. Subsequently, Daniel Defoe wrote a book about this epidemic and living conditions in plague-ridden London - “Diary of a Plague Year.” In 1668, when Daniel was 8 years old, his mother died, and his father sent him to study at a boarding school at the Dissenter Theological Academy in the London suburb of Newington (the Dissenters are one of the branches of English Protestantism; in fact, this academy was a Protestant theological seminary) . Daniel Defoe first graduated from school, and then from Newington Academy itself, and was going to become a Protestant priest (pastor), but then he changed his mind, and in 1680 he went into trade.
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Literary activity
Around 1700, Daniel changed his surname to Defoe. In the book “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,” Daniel Defoe describes, among other things, Robinson’s trip to Far East and Siberia, and describes with precision the natural conditions, routes and timing of travel in Siberia in the conditions of that time. Historians did not find any errors in Defoe’s description of Siberia.
In addition, Defoe saw the Russian Tsar Peter I, who came to London in 1698 as part of the “Great Embassy”. Subsequently, D. Defoe wrote the book “The History of Pyotr Alekseevich” (this book has not yet been translated into Russian). And in 1720, Daniel Defoe, while in Paris, met Abram Petrovich Hannibal, the ancestor of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who was studying there by order of the Tsar.
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Robinson Crusoe
Perhaps Defoe's most famous work is the novel The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719. In August 1719, Defoe released a sequel, “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,” and a year later, “The Serious Reflections of Robinson Crusoe,” but only the first book was included in the treasury of world literature
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Defoe endowed his hero not only with excellent human qualities - courage, intelligence, will and hard work, but also with all the traits of the “ideal” bourgeois: practicality, Puritanical religiosity, prudence. However, the undying interest of readers in the novel is primarily due to the pathos of work, struggle with obstacles and conquest of nature, which sounds with such force in the first part of the novel.
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Biography
Born around 1660 near the English capital, in Cripplegate. His father, a meat merchant, groomed him for a career as a Presbyterian minister and sent him to a theological seminary, Morton Academy in Stoke Newington, where his son studied classical literature, as well as Latin and Greek. However, Defoe Jr. was attracted by a completely different path - commercial activity, trade.
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Cripplegate
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Difficult years
At the age of twenty, Daniel Defoe joined the army of the Duke of Monmouth, who rebelled against his uncle, Jacob Stuart, who pursued a pro-French policy during his reign. Jacob suppressed the uprising and dealt harshly with the rebels. Daniel Defoe had to hide from persecution. With the advent of more favorable times, that is, with the accession of William of Orange to the throne, Defoe returned to literary activity. When the people began to grumble that a stranger had been placed on the throne, Daniel Defoe wrote a satirical poem, “The True Englishmen,” in which he showed that the entire English nation consists of a mixture of different tribes, and therefore it is absurd to look with hostility at a king who is impeccable in all respects just because he was born not in England, but in Holland. This poem caused a lot of noise at court and in society. Wilhelm wished to see the author and gave him a rather significant monetary gift.
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In 1702, Queen Anne ascended to the English throne, the last of the Stuarts to be influenced by the Conservative party. Defoe wrote his famous satirical pamphlet, The Surest Way to Get Rid of Dissenters. Protestant sectarians in England called themselves dissenters. In this pamphlet, the author advised the parliament not to be shy with the innovators who bothered it and to hang them all or send them to the galleys. At first, parliament did not understand the true meaning of the satire and were glad that Daniel Defoe directed his pen against the sectarians. Then someone figured out the real meaning of the satire. Parliament declared him a rebel and sentenced him to a fine, pillory and imprisonment. But the enthusiastic people strewed his path to the pillory with flowers and gave him an ovation. During his time in prison, Defoe wrote “Hymn to the Pillory” and managed to publish the magazine “Review”.
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Creation
After his release from prison, Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe. This book was published in 1719. Defoe himself traveled only once: in his youth he sailed to Portugal, and the rest of the time he lived in his homeland. But the writer took the plot of the novel from life. Residents of England at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries could repeatedly hear stories from sailors about people who lived for more or less long periods of time on various uninhabited islands.
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Encouraged by the enormous success of Robinson, Daniel Defoe wrote many other works in the same spirit: The Sea Robber, Colonel Jack, A Voyage Around the World, The Political History of the Devil and others. Defoe wrote more than two hundred books and pamphlets, which were popular with his contemporaries.
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MollFlanders
The novel tells the story of a poor girl who was born in Newgate prison and during six decades of her varied life (not counting her childhood) was a kept woman for twelve years, married five times (of which once to her brother), a thief for twelve years, eight years an exile in Virginia, but in the end she became rich, began to live honestly and died in repentance.
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Roxana
Defoe's last and darkest novel, Roxana, published in 1724, tells the autobiographical story of a woman who sold herself first to survive and then for fame and money. Roxana, an intelligent, cunning, inventive swindler, is extremely sober and sensible in analyzing her actions and the pronounced traits of her character that helped her succeed in her “adventures.” In this very detailed account of Roxanne's goals and paths, we learn how she seduced others through clever manipulation, and in the end she herself was seduced, becoming dependent on money and fame.
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Robinson Crusoe
The full title of the work is “The Life, Extraordinary and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a sailor from York, who lived for 28 years all alone on an uninhabited island off the coast of America near the mouth of the Orinoco River, where he was thrown out by a shipwreck, during which the entire crew of the ship except him died, with an account of his unexpected release by pirates; written by himself." This book gave rise to the classic English novel and gave rise to a fashion for pseudo-documentary fiction; it is often called the first "authentic" novel in English.
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But despite this, he, like other talents, lived and died in poverty in London. Early biographers of Defoe say that the tombstone placed on his grave in the 18th century had a modest but significant inscription: “Daniel Defoe, author of Robinson Crusoe.” He died on April 24, 1731, at the age of 70.”
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As for the literary significance of Defoe, in this respect he can safely be considered the predecessor of Richardson and Fielding and the founder of that literary school that reached its highest flowering in England under Dickens and Thackeray.
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Presentation on the topic: Daniel Defoe. Biography.
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At the age of twenty, Daniel Defoe joined the army of the Duke of Monmouth, who rebelled against his uncle, Jacob Stuart, who pursued a pro-French policy during his reign. Jacob suppressed the uprising and dealt harshly with the rebels. Daniel Defoe had to hide from persecution. With the advent of more favorable times, that is, with the accession of William of Orange to the throne, Defoe returned to literary activity. When the people began to grumble that a stranger had been placed on the throne, Daniel Defoe wrote a satirical poem, “The True Englishmen,” in which he showed that the entire English nation consists of a mixture of different tribes, and therefore it is absurd to look with hostility at a king who is impeccable in all respects just because he was born not in England, but in Holland. This poem caused a lot of noise at court and in society. Wilhelm wished to see the author and gave him a rather significant monetary gift. At the age of twenty, Daniel Defoe joined the army of the Duke of Monmouth, who rebelled against his uncle, Jacob Stuart, who pursued a pro-French policy during his reign. Jacob suppressed the uprising and dealt harshly with the rebels. Daniel Defoe had to hide from persecution. With the advent of more favorable times, that is, with the accession of William of Orange to the throne, Defoe returned to literary activity. When the people began to grumble that a stranger had been placed on the throne, Daniel Defoe wrote a satirical poem, “The True Englishmen,” in which he showed that the entire English nation consists of a mixture of different tribes, and therefore it is absurd to look with hostility at a king who is impeccable in all respects just because he was born not in England, but in Holland. This poem caused a lot of noise at court and in society. Wilhelm wished to see the author and gave him a rather significant monetary gift.
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In 1702, Queen Anne ascended to the English throne, the last of the Stuarts to be influenced by the Conservative party. Defoe wrote his famous satirical pamphlet, The Surest Way to Get Rid of Dissenters. Protestant sectarians in England called themselves dissenters. In this pamphlet, the author advised parliament not to be shy with the innovators who were bothering it and to hang them all or send them to the galleys. In 1702, Queen Anne ascended to the English throne, the last of the Stuarts to be influenced by the Conservative party. Defoe wrote his famous satirical pamphlet, The Surest Way to Get Rid of Dissenters. Protestant sectarians in England called themselves dissenters. In this pamphlet, the author advised the parliament not to be shy with the innovators who bothered it and to hang them all or send them to the galleys. At first, parliament did not understand the true meaning of the satire and were glad that Daniel Defoe directed his pen against the sectarians. Then someone figured out the real meaning of the satire. Parliament declared him a rebel and sentenced him to a fine, pillory and imprisonment. But the enthusiastic people strewed his path to the pillory with flowers and gave him an ovation. During his time in prison, Defoe wrote “Hymn to the Pillory” and managed to publish the magazine “Review”.
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After his release from prison, Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe. This book was published in 1719. Defoe himself traveled only once: in his youth he sailed to Portugal, and the rest of the time he lived in his homeland. But the writer took the plot of the novel from life. Residents of England at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries could repeatedly hear stories from sailors about people who lived for more or less long periods of time on various uninhabited islands. After his release from prison, Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe. This book was published in 1719. Defoe himself traveled only once: in his youth he sailed to Portugal, and the rest of the time he lived in his homeland. But the writer took the plot of the novel from life. Residents of England at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries could repeatedly hear stories from sailors about people who lived for more or less long periods of time on various uninhabited islands.
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The writer was born in 1660 under the name Daniel Fo. Daniel Defoe's father was a butcher by profession, and a Fleming by nationality (Daniel Defoe's grandfather emigrated to England from Flanders, the southern part of the Netherlands, at the end of the 16th century). Daniel Defoe's mother was a native Englishwoman.
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Living situation In 1665, a plague epidemic broke out in London, which went down in history as the “Great Plague of London.” Every fifth Londoner died from the disease, but the Defoe family was not affected. Subsequently, Daniel Defoe wrote a book about this epidemic and living conditions in plague-ridden London - “Diary of a Plague Year.” In 1668, when Daniel was 8 years old, his mother died, and his father sent him to study at a boarding school at the Dissenter Theological Academy in the London suburb of Newington (the Dissenters are one of the branches of English Protestantism; in fact, this academy was a Protestant theological seminary) . Daniel Defoe first graduated from school, and then from Newington Academy itself, and was going to become a Protestant priest (pastor), but then he changed his mind, and in 1680 he went into trade.
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Literary activity Around 1700, Daniel changed his surname to Defoe. In the book “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,” Daniel Defoe describes, among other things, Robinson’s trip through the Far East and Siberia, and describes with precision the natural conditions, routes and timing of travel in Siberia in the conditions of that time. Historians did not find any errors in Defoe’s description of Siberia. In addition, Defoe saw the Russian Tsar Peter I, who came to London in 1698 as part of the “Great Embassy”. Subsequently, D. Defoe wrote the book “The History of Pyotr Alekseevich” (this book has not yet been translated into Russian). And in 1720, Daniel Defoe, while in Paris, met Abram Petrovich Hannibal, the ancestor of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who was studying there by order of the Tsar.
Slide 5
Robinson Crusoe Perhaps Defoe's most famous creation is the novel The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, published in 1719. In August 1719, Defoe released a sequel, “The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,” and a year later, “The Serious Reflections of Robinson Crusoe,” but only the first book was included in the treasury of world literature
Slide 6
Defoe endowed his hero not only with excellent human qualities - courage, intelligence, will and hard work, but also with all the traits of the “ideal” bourgeois: practicality, Puritanical religiosity, prudence. However, the undying interest of readers in the novel is primarily due to the pathos of work, struggle with obstacles and conquest of nature, which sounds with such force in the first part of the novel.