4th day of the menstrual cycle which phase. Menstrual cycle: what is it, duration, norm, failures, violations

Knowing your menstrual cycle will help you make informed decisions about your health and family planning. Doctors often ask when is the first day of your menstrual cycle. The tips below will help you identify this day.

Steps

Determining the first day of the cycle

Understand what the menstrual cycle is. Menstruation begins in women when they reach puberty - at this time, a woman has the ability to conceive a child. There are several phases in the cycle (follicular, ovulation, luteal), and the first day of the cycle marks the beginning of the luteal phase, in which the uterus sheds its lining through the vagina. This is how menstruation begins.

Learn to identify the first day of your cycle. If you learn how to correctly count the days of the cycle, you will be able to make the right decisions regarding your health and family planning. To determine the first day of your cycle and how long it is, start numbering the days of your cycle, starting with the first day of your period.

Monitor your cycle for several months. If you do this from the first day of the cycle, it will be easier for you to track patterns and calculate the day the next period begins.

Determine the first day of the next cycle. If you know the length of the cycle, it will be easier for you to predict the date of the next menstruation.

Signs of approaching menstruation

1. Know that premenstrual syndrome is normal. For most women, symptoms appear 1-2 weeks before the onset of menstruation. As a rule, they pass with the onset of menstruation. All women react differently, so you should record your symptoms throughout your cycle.

   Be aware of possible mood swings. On the eve of menstruation, many women become whiny, anxious, their mood changes dramatically or becomes depressive. A woman can also constantly feel tired and irritated. If your mood swings don't stop after your period starts, or if you think these mood swings are interfering with your normal life, you should see your doctor.

   Pay attention to digestive symptoms. On the eve of menstruation, bloating, constipation, fluid retention in the body and diarrhea are possible. This can lead to weight gain at the beginning of the cycle. All these symptoms should also disappear in the first 4 days after the onset of menstruation. If it doesn't, see your doctor.

   Pay attention to physical changes. Pain in the chest, joints and muscles, as well as headache occur quite frequently. You can take a simple pain reliever (ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen).

   Know when to see a doctor. If you have five or more of the above symptoms and PMS is interfering with your normal life, you may have premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Your doctor may prescribe antidepressants, strong painkillers, or Jess birth control pills.

   • In the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, it will be useful to work with a psychotherapist.
   • You should also contact your doctor if your symptoms do not go away with your period, or if the frequency and severity of your symptoms change.

Problems with the menstrual cycle

1. Know when to discuss your cycle with your doctor. If you have questions about your cycle, talk to your gynecologist. It is also important to see a doctor if your cycle has always been abnormal or has suddenly become so. It is extremely important to consult a gynecologist in the following cases:

   Learn more about amenorrhea. Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation. In women, menstruation should begin no later than the age of fifteen. If you or your daughter didn't start a period before age 15, see your doctor.

   Find out if you have dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea is a disease in which menstruation is very painful. Ibuprofen or similar medications may help ease the pain, but if it happens every time, you should talk to your doctor.

   Watch for abnormal bleeding. If you have had a regular menstrual cycle before, you should know what is normal for you. Keep track of the regularity of your periods. If your periods become irregular, see your doctor.

   Know what causes irregular periods. A variety of factors can lead to cycle disorders. If you keep your weight within the normal range and visit your gynecologist regularly, your cycle will not fluctuate.

   Contact your doctor. Regular check-ups with a gynecologist should be undertaken to begin treating any abnormalities as soon as possible. Keeping track of your cycle and symptoms will help your doctor make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Every month, the reproductive system of a woman undergoes certain changes that leave an imprint on both her physiological and psychological state. They are necessary so that the female body can prepare for conception - and then for the onset of pregnancy. Such changes are regular and are called the menstrual cycle - which, in turn, consists of several phases.

Let's take a closer look at how they go, how long they last, and what signs indicate the onset of each phase.

The first phase of the menstrual cycle is called the menstrual cycle.

What should you know about menstruation?

Its duration is approximately 3-7 days.

It is characterized by the following symptoms:

1. Bloody discharge from the vagina.
2. Breast augmentation.
3. Pain in the abdomen.
4. Irritability.
5. Pain in the lumbar region.
6. Changeability of mood.
7. Nausea and sometimes vomiting.
8. Headache.

Optionally, all of the above signs will accompany "critical" days. In many girls, they pass quietly, and the only thing that indicates menstruation is the presence of uterine bleeding.

The cause of painful and heavy periods, nausea, chills, headaches can be elevated level in the blood of prostaglandins in this phase. These chemical substances are produced by the uterine tissue and cause its contraction.

Menstrual cycle starts from the day the bleeding started from the genitals. During it, the old endometrium is rejected.

Uterine bleeding indicates that pregnancy did not occur in the previous cycle.

At the same time, the ovaries begin to develop follicles. The so-called bubbles filled with liquid. Each of them contains one egg. Under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone, they begin to ripen.

How thick should the lining of the uterus be during menstruation?

What happens during the second, follicular (proliferative) phase of the cycle?

After the end of menstruation, the female body begins to prepare for the possible conception of a baby. All processes occurring during this period are called follicle stimulating hormone which, in turn, is produced by the pituitary gland.

So, FSH has a huge impact on the level of estrogen in the blood. Starting from the 1st day of menstruation, it rapidly grows upwards. Due to this, the endometrium, which has grown in a new cycle, is saturated with blood and various nutrients. This is necessary so that in the event of a successful conception, the fertilized egg can receive everything in the uterus that it needs for further growth and development.

Immediately after the end of menstruation, one follicle “overtakes” its comrades in its development, as a result of which the latter stop growing and return to their previous state. The "winning" vial of liquid continues to grow the egg.

The size of the bubble with liquid in diameter

About the well-being of a woman during this period

During the second phase, the girl:

1. Efficiency increases.
2. The mood improves.
3. Increased sexual desire.

Thickness of the endometrium in the proliferative phase

Third, ovulatory phase of the cycle

The ovulatory phase, unlike the others, lasts very little - approximately 24-36 hours. It is during it that women have a chance to become pregnant.

The level of the hormone estrogen in the third phase is at its highest level. During ovulation, the level of luteinizing hormone in the blood increases, but the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone decreases.

What happens to the mature egg during this phase?

First, it destroys the wall of the follicle - and, with the help of the villi of the epithelium, begins to move into the fallopian tube.

Then, if it meets with a spermatozoon, then it is fertilized.

Otherwise, the egg dies a day after leaving the ovary, after which it dissolves in the uterine mucosa.

In addition, you can determine the presence or absence of ovulation using home tests.

The beginning of the ovulatory phase can also be detected on ultrasound examination, during which the doctor will have to find out what the size of the ovaries and cervix are, and in what condition they are now.

The thickness of the endometrium in the ovulatory phase should be within 1-1.3 cm.

The fourth phase of the menstrual cycle is the phase of the corpus luteum, or luteal

Its duration is fourteen days.

After the egg leaves the vial with liquid, a body begins to grow at the site of its rupture, which has a yellow color. It produces estrogens, androgens, as well as the "pregnancy hormone" progesterone.

If the corpus luteum will produce progesterone in small quantities, then fertilization of the egg may for a long time not happen.

So that a woman can become pregnant and then give birth to a child on time, doctors can prescribe her to take special hormonal preparations.

What other function does progesterone perform?

Thanks to him, the endometrium softens, becomes loose, increases in thickness. This is necessary so that the fetal egg can penetrate into it.

Pregnancy has come or not - you can find out only at the end of the luteal phase. Menstruation, if conception has occurred, will not begin. The basal temperature will be kept at around 37.3.

Can be done with homemade test, which can be bought at any pharmacy, or by donating blood at the clinic for the level of hCG.

Nausea, dizziness and other signs of a conception that has occurred appear much later.

Signs and symptoms of the luteal phase

If the egg was not fertilized by a sperm, then in the first days of the luteal phase, the girl will feel great. A woman “in position” will feel the same way.

The only sign that can indicate to her an accomplished conception is the appearance of a few drops of blood on her underwear - - 7-10 days after intimacy.

If pregnancy has not occurred, then a few days before menstruation, the woman's condition may change. She may have PMS syndrome, which is often associated with the irritability and anxiety of a woman. Her mammary glands may swell, as well as minor pains in the abdomen.

What should be the thickness of the endometrium during the luteal phase?

About what the menstrual cycle is, what parts it is divided into, how it is connected with the chances of pregnancy, any woman should understand, perhaps, from the time of her maturation. And although this is not considered an area of ​​\u200b\u200bspecial, strictly medical knowledge, but is a sphere of literacy in relation to one's health, great amount women "floats" in this matter. And methods of contraception, the so-called natural ones, are not a 100% guarantee of protection against pregnancy. Why? This issue should be considered at the level of physiology, having understood all the risks and opportunities.

What is the probability of getting pregnant on the 4th day of menstruation

What is commonly called menstruation (another name is regulation) is one of the periods of the cycle, accompanied by the release of mucous bloody formations from the uterus. This is how, for centuries, the female body parted with the rejected endometrial cells that lined the inner surface of the uterus. These and strong discharges, as well as the unfavorable environment in the vagina, do not allow you to get pregnant at the very beginning of menstruation - these conditions are detrimental to spermatozoa.

Menstruation lasts from three to eight days, and everyone passes in their own way. The monthly cycle is divided into several phases, between them ovulation occurs. And this time, which is approximately 24 hours, is the most favorable for pregnancy. If it does not occur, after about 14 days, the rejection phase of endometrial cells will begin, which have not accepted the egg.

Each representative of the fair sex has to deal with the phases of her menstrual cycle every month, with their own characteristics and characteristic symptoms. These phases are significant stages that are responsible for reproductive function female body. The duration and nature of the menstrual phases are more individual, but the basics and sequence of their flow remain unchanged and have their respective names. This whole significant process is cyclical, and begins with the advent of menstrual bleeding, which is considered to be the first of the three phases of the menstrual cycle.

Any girl or woman in the age range from puberty to menopause must understand the work of her body and understand the purpose of all three phases of the menstrual cycle. With the help of this knowledge, you can easily calculate the favorable period for conceiving a child or, on the contrary, protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy and some health problems.

The main phases of the cycle

Every month, with a regular cycle in the body of a woman, three successive phases of the menstrual cycle occur. They are characterized by a logical sequence and serve one big goal - creating favorable conditions for the fertilization of the egg and procreation. The menstrual cycle is divided into three main phases:

• Follicular (first phase);
• Ovulation (second phase);
• Luteal (third phase).

These stages perform the functions according to their name. These phases are based on hormonal regulation, which promotes the process and controls its outcome. The beginning of the menstrual cycle is the beginning of the very first phase - the follicular, it is she who starts such an important process as the formation and.

The first is the follicular phase

The initial phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by intensive growth of follicles and the formation of an egg in them. The first day of menstruation starts a new one. follicular phase cycle and intensive production of follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogen begins. During this period, there is a growth of follicles, which a little later will become a receptacle and a place for the maturation of the egg.

Estrogen provides support to the follicles and this lasts about 7 days, until one of the follicular vesicles reaches the necessary parameters for the maturation of an egg in it. Further, the focus of growth is only on the egg, and the "extra" follicles stop functioning. A high concentration of estrogen gives a signal to start the production of luteinizing hormone, which, in turn, prepares for future ovulation. The duration of the first phase is individual for each woman, but it should not exceed 20 days.

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The second phase is ovulation

The second phase of the menstrual cycle is quite short, but at the same time very significant. Ovulation is the achievement for which the menstrual cycle actually exists. It is intended for the possibility of fertilization and the realization of the main purpose of a woman - procreation. The ability and possibility of fertilization is possible in just 48 hours, and sometimes less. During this short period of 2 days, the woman's reproductive system is faced with a responsible task, and if fertilization does not occur, the egg dies.

An increased concentration of luteinizing hormone contributes to increased maturation and subsequent release of the egg from the follicle. Under its action, important processes occur that ensure the preparation of the walls of the endometrium. When the egg reaches full maturity and is ready for fertilization, the follicular vesicle ruptures and a full-fledged egg enters the fallopian tube to merge with the sperm. In the cavity of the ruptured follicle, an intensive growth of the corpus luteum begins, which, in turn, leads to an intensive production of progesterone and provides favorable conditions for successful fertilization and implantation of a fertilized ovum into the uterine wall. The next cycle can have 2 outcomes, depending on whether fertilization has occurred or not.

Third phase - luteal

The development of the third phase of the menstrual cycle can take place in two scenarios: with a fertilized egg or if fertilization has not occurred. This time, special attention is paid to the formed corpus luteum. It, in case of successful conception, leads to the active production of luteal hormone, which supports and nourishes the fertilized egg until the placenta is formed. Due to the importance of the purpose of this hormone, the third phase has its characteristic name - luteal. Together with the luteal hormone, during this period, the active production of progesterone, which is also actively involved in supporting the fetal egg, continues. Ultimately, the harmonious and mutually beneficial production of female hormones provides a complete preparation for fertilization, fusion, and subsequent nutrition and protection of the already fertilized fetal egg.

If fertilization still does not occur, the corpus luteum stops its development and atrophies. The prepared loosened uterine mucosa and the dead egg are rejected and come out in the form of menstrual bleeding, which, in turn, already means the beginning of a new, first phase, and the entire described process is repeated anew.

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Cycle phases by day

The phases of the menstrual cycle by day are conditionally divided into 3 intervals. The first and third phases are considered the longest. At the same time, it is interesting that the follicular and ovulation phases have an individual and unfixed duration, and the luteal phase always corresponds in duration - 2 weeks or 14 days. As many people know, the entire menstrual cycle can last from 20 to 35 days, and this will be considered the norm. Menstrual bleeding is also individual in nature, but it is necessary for every lady.

To understand what and when happens during these +/- 28 days, it is necessary to consider the duration of each specific phase.

1. The follicular phase is the period from the beginning of menstruation to the full readiness for the release of the egg from the follicle (ovulation). Depending on the characteristics of the body, it can last from 7 to 20 days. At the beginning of this phase, a woman experiences malaise and discomfort in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. Later strength is restored and unpleasant symptoms retreat.
2. - the time when the egg is ready for fertilization. This phase is the shortest and most important. The ability of the egg to merge with the sperm and fertilize lasts from 20 to 48 hours, which is also purely individual and depends on many factors. Some women feel ovulation and even observe characteristic discharge on their underwear.
3. . Regardless of whether fertilization has occurred or not, this phase continues for the last 14 days. If pregnancy has not occurred, then its end and, therefore, the beginning of a new cycle will be monthly bleeding. During this period, many ladies suffer from premenstrual syndrome() and experience not the most pleasant physical and psychological symptoms and sensations in their body. If, nevertheless, the menstrual cycle has fulfilled its intended purpose, and fertilization has taken place, then pregnancy occurs and further actions of female hormones will focus on the growth, nutrition and development of the fetus.

What can affect the shift of the cycle

The considered phases of menstruation are a very clear and fragile mechanism that can be broken due to many factors. The main promoters of these phases are hormones that mutually benefit each other to achieve a common goal - the conception and birth of a child. Violation of the production of any of the hormones will lead to a break in the sequential chain and will affect the final outcome and the duration of the cycle.

Phases of the cycle in women

reproductive system women are cyclical processes through which childbearing function. It is based on the menstrual cycle. It is customary to divide it into phases.

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

average menstrual cycle has a duration of 28 days. But the parameters of the norm can vary from 21 to 35 days. Minor deviations occur against the background of stressful situations, malnutrition, the influence of the disease, etc. Serious violations may indicate a serious illness.

The cycle is conventionally divided into two phases: and , they are separated by ). Each of them has characteristics. During it is very important to be able to identify each of the phases. This will enhance chance of conception and will help determine the nature of the problem if pregnancy does not occur.

REFERENCE! The most reliable way to determine the phase of the menstrual cycle is ultrasound diagnostics.

In most cases, dominates the first two weeks in a woman's body. But depending on the length of the cycle, it can last from 7 to 22 days. Its beginning is considered the first day of menstruation, and the end is the moment of exit from the ovary. This period brings together a number of significant features. These include the following:

• Enlargement of the endometrium.
• Follicle growth.
• An increase in estrogen.
• Change in the nature of the discharge.

The first days the woman has spotting. It is rejected from the uterus. During this period there may be pain lower abdomen. Then the growth of follicles begins under the influence of estrogen. gradually changes its structure. Closer to its thickness should be in the range of 10 to 15 mm.

There may be several follicles, but the dominant one is most often one. A mature follicle is considered at a size of 18 mm. When he reaches optimal sizes , happens . At this stage ends.

It is at this stage of the cycle that you can become pregnant. This stage is characterized by the process of release and its entry into abdominal cavity . This happens under the influence of two hormones - FSH and LH. They are inextricably linked with each other. If there are problems with one hormone, they will lead to disturbances in the level of another. in this case will not be possible.

1-2 days before and after the moment of release is called the period increased fertility. At this time, the woman appears characteristics. Among them are:

• The appearance of mucous secretions resembling egg white.
• Changes in mood and perception.
• Uncomfortable tingling in the lower abdomen.
• Increase in sex drive.
• West basal body temperature 1-2 days before and an increase on the day of the onset.

ON A NOTE! The procedure that most accurately determines the release date is called folliculometry.

Lack of ovulation is the most common form of infertility. It is considered normal if a woman has up to two times a year the inability to conceive. If this figure is higher, then the body needs immediate treatment.

There may be several reasons. One of the main ones are hormonal disorders. The follicle in this case does not burst, but turns into a cyst. This phenomenon leads to problems with the following stage of the menstrual cycle. Difficulties with exit can occur against the background of the development of the following diseases:

• Multifollicular ovaries.
• Tumor of the pituitary gland.
• Polycystic.
• Inflammatory diseases.
• Violations functioning of the thyroid gland.
• Diseases of the adrenal glands.

It is called the period of the corpus luteum, which is formed at the site of a burst follicle and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone. This stage follows when the corpus luteum has almost formed. Every day its volumes increase. At the same time, getting higher progesterone level, which, in the event of conception, helps the fetal egg attach to the uterus.

It is of great importance for. With insufficient hormones at this stage, the embryo will not be able to take the right place. This is fraught with ectopic or biochemical pregnancy.

IMPORTANT! most main reason ectopic location of the fetal egg is poor patency fallopian tubes. Before it is recommended to check the likelihood of this phenomenon using an ultrasound machine or x-ray.

In the absence of conception, the corpus luteum gradually becomes smaller. Along with it, the amount of progesterone also decreases. This provokes the onset of menstruation. The unfertilized leaves the woman's body along with spotting.

The duration of the final stage of the menstrual cycle should reach 14 days +/- 2 days. If there are deviations, then we can talk about the presence of serious diseases, oppressive reproductive function. May prolong cystic formation. Its main symptom is a delay in menstruation.

In the case of the corpus luteum, it is used hormonal treatment. Together with him, physiotherapy, acupuncture and a visit to a sanatorium are prescribed. The course of treatment of diseases of the genital area involves taking vitamins, proper nutrition and the absence of stressful situations.

REFERENCE! With a lack of hormones in the last phase of the cycle, drugs containing progesterone, such as or Duphaston, are prescribed.

Any deviations in the work of the reproductive system give the woman signals in the form menstrual irregularities, atypical secretions and pain. Each symptom must be reported to the attending physician. Early diagnosis contributes to the most successful treatment.