Burnout syndrome of medical workers. Burnout Syndrome: Prevention and Treatment

overwork health emotional burnout

Burnout syndrome in medical workers

The place of practice is a private dental clinic. The area of ​​interest of the organization is medicine. The team of the organization consists of 7 people (three men and four women), including the leader.

For practical work, the topic "Burnout Syndrome" was chosen.

Burnout syndrome is a reaction of the body that occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to professional stress of medium intensity. main reason considered psychological, mental overwork. When demands (internal and external) and stresses prevail over resources (internal and external) for a long time, a state of balance is disturbed in a person, which inevitably leads to emotional burnout.

The main factors contributing to burnout include: high workload; lack or lack of social support from colleagues and management; a high degree of uncertainty in the assessment of the work performed; inability to influence decision-making; ambiguous, ambiguous job requirements; constant risk of penalties; monotonous, monotonous and unpromising activity; the need to outwardly show emotions that do not correspond to reality; lack of days off, vacations and interests outside of work. Occupational risk factors include altruistic professions (doctors, nurses, teachers, social workers, psychologists, priests).

There are 5 key groups of symptoms characteristic of the syndrome:

physical symptoms (fatigue, physical fatigue, exhaustion, insomnia, dizziness, increased blood pressure);

Emotional symptoms (pessimism, cynicism and callousness in work and personal life, indifference, fatigue, aggressiveness, irritability, anxiety, feeling of loneliness);

Behavioral symptoms (working time more than 45 hours a week; fatigue and a desire to rest appear during work; indifference to food; low exercise stress; justifying the use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs; accidents - falls, injuries);

intellectual state (loss of interest in new theories and ideas in work, in alternative approaches to solving problems; boredom, melancholy, apathy, formal performance of work);

social symptoms (low social activity; loss of interest in leisure, hobbies; social contacts are limited to work).

Since this team belongs to the "risk group" for the occurrence of burnout syndrome according to the professional criterion for hard work without days off, it is advisable to diagnose emotional sphere team.

To identify the level of emotional burnout in this team from psychodiagnostic methods, the method of diagnosing the level of emotional burnout was used (V.V. Boyko)

Methodology for diagnosing the level of emotional burnout (V.V. Boyko)

Instruction. Read the judgments and, in case of agreement, answer "Yes", "+", and in case of disagreement - "No", "-".

Questionnaire text

1. Organizational shortcomings at work constantly make you nervous, worried, tense.
2. Today I am satisfied with my profession no less than at the beginning of my career.
3. I made a mistake in choosing a profession or profile of activity (I take the wrong place).
4. I am worried that I began to work worse (less productively, qualitatively, more slowly).
5. The warmth of interaction with partners is very dependent on my mood - good or bad.
6. The well-being of a partner does not depend on me as a professional.
7. When I come home from work, for some time (2-3 hours) I want to be alone so that no one communicates with me.
8. When I feel tired or tense, I try to quickly resolve the partner's problems (curtail the interaction).
9. It seems to me that emotionally I cannot give partners what professional duty requires.
10. My work dulls emotions.
11. I'm frankly tired of the human problems that I have to deal with at work.
12. It happens that I fall asleep (sleep) badly because of the experiences associated with work.
13. Interaction with partners requires a lot of stress from me.
14. Working with people brings me less and less satisfaction.
15. I would change jobs if given the opportunity.
16. I am often frustrated that I cannot properly provide professional support, service, help to my partner.
17. I always manage to prevent the influence of a bad mood on business contacts.
18. It makes me very sad if something goes wrong in a relationship with a business partner.
19. I get so tired at work that at home I try to communicate as little as possible.
20. Due to lack of time, fatigue or tension, I often pay less attention to my partner than I should.
21. Sometimes the most ordinary situations of communication at work cause irritation.
22. I calmly perceive the justified claims of partners.
23. Communication with partners prompted me to avoid people.
24. When I remember some work colleagues or partners, my mood deteriorates.
25. Conflicts or disagreements with colleagues take a lot of energy and emotions.
26. I find it increasingly difficult to establish or maintain contacts with business partners.
27. The situation at work seems to me very difficult, difficult.
28. I often have anxious expectations related to work: something must happen, how not to make a mistake, will I be able to do everything right, will I be laid off, etc.
29. If a partner is unpleasant to me, I try to limit the time of communication with him or pay less attention to him.
30. In communication not at work, I adhere to the principle: "do not do good to people, you will not get evil."
31. I willingly tell my family about my work.
32. There are days when my emotional state has a bad effect on the results of work (I do less, quality decreases, conflicts happen).
33. Sometimes I feel that I need to show emotional responsiveness to my partner, but I can’t.
34. I am very worried about my work.
35. You give attention and care to your work partners more than you receive gratitude from them.
36. When I think about work, I usually feel uneasy, start stabbing in the heart area, my blood pressure rises, headache.
37. I have a good (quite satisfactory) relationship with my immediate supervisor.
38. I often rejoice seeing that my work benefits people.
39. Lately (or always) I have been haunted by failures at work.
40. Some aspects (facts) of my work cause deep disappointment, plunge into despondency.
41. There are days when contacts with partners are worse than usual.
42. I divide business partners (subjects of activity) into pleasant and unpleasant.
43. Tiredness from work leads to the fact that I try to reduce communication with friends and acquaintances.
44. I usually show interest in the personality of the partner besides what) concerns the case.
45. I usually come to work rested, refreshed, in a good mood.
46. ​​I sometimes find myself working with partners automatically, without a soul.
47. At work, you meet such unpleasant people that you involuntarily wish them something bad.
48. After communicating with unpleasant partners, I have a deterioration in mental and physical well-being.
49. At work, I experience constant physical and mental overload.
50. Success at work inspires me.
51. The situation at work in which I found myself seems hopeless.
52. I lost my peace because of work.
53. During the last year there were complaints (there was a complaint) addressed to me by partners.
54. I manage to save my nerves due to the fact that I don’t take a lot of what happens with my partners to heart.
55. I often bring home negative emotions from work.
56. I often work through force.
57. Before, I was more responsive and attentive to partners than now.
58. In working with people, I am guided by the principle: do not waste your nerves, take care of your health.
59. Sometimes I go to work with a heavy feeling: I’m tired of everything, I wouldn’t see or hear anyone.
60. After a busy day at work, I feel unwell.
61. The contingent of partners I work with is very difficult.
62. Sometimes it seems to me that the results of my work are not worth the effort that I spend.
63. If I had luck with my job, I would be happier.
64. I am desperate because I have serious problems at work.
65. Sometimes I treat my partners the way I would not like to be treated.
66. I condemn partners who count on special indulgence, attention.
67. Most often, after a working day, I don’t have the strength to do household chores.
68. I usually rush time: I wish the working day would end soon.
69. Conditions, requests, needs of partners usually concern me sincerely.
70. When working with people, I usually put up a screen that protects me from other people's suffering and negative emotions.
71. Working with people (partners) disappointed me a lot.
72. To restore my strength, I often take medicine.
73. As a rule, my working day is calm and easy.
74. My requirements for the work performed are higher than what I achieve due to circumstances.
75. My career has been successful.
76. I am very nervous about everything related to work.
77. Some of my regular partners I would not like to see and hear.
78. I approve of colleagues who devote themselves entirely to people (partners), forgetting about their own interests.
79. My fatigue at work usually has little effect (no effect) in communication with family and friends.
80. If an opportunity is given, I pay less attention to my partner, but in such a way that he does not notice it.
81. I often get on my nerves when dealing with people at work.
82. To everything (almost everything) that happens at work, I have lost interest, a lively feeling.
83. Working with people had a bad effect on me as a professional - it made me angry, made me nervous, dulled my emotions.
84. Working with people is clearly undermining my health.

In accordance with the key, the following calculations are carried out:

Tension: experiencing psychotraumatic circumstances: +1(2), +13(3), +25(2), -37(3), +49(10), +61,(5), -73(5); dissatisfaction with oneself: -2(3), +14(2), +26(2), -38(10), -50(5), +62(5), +74(3); "Caged": +3(10), +15(5), +27(2), +39(2), +51(5), +63(1), -75(5); anxiety and depression: +4(2), +16(3), +28(5), +40(5), +52(10), +64(2), +76(3).

Resistance: inadequate selective emotional response: +5(5), -17(3), +29(10), +41(2), +53(2), +65(3), +77(5); emotional and moral disorientation: +6(10), -18(3), +30(3), +42(5), +54(2), +66(2), -78(5); expansion of the sphere of saving emotions: +7(2), +19(10), -31(2), +43(5), +55(3), +67(3), -79(5); reduction of professional duties: +8(5), +20(5), +32(2), -44(2), +56(3), +68(3), +80(10).

Exhaustion: emotional deficit: +9(3), +21(2), +33(5), -45(5), +57(3), -69(10), +81(2); emotional detachment: +10(2), +22(3), -34(2), +46(3), +58(5), +70(5), +82(10); personal detachment (depersonalization): +11(2),+23(3),+35(3),+47(5),+59(5),+72(2),+83(10); psychosomatic and psychovegetative disorders: +12(3), +24(2), +36(5), +48(3), +60(2), +72(10), +84(5).

By quantitative indicators, it is legitimate to judge only how much each phase has formed, which phase has formed to a greater or lesser extent: 36 points or less - the phase has not formed; 37-60 points - phase in the formation stage; 61 or more points - the formed phase.

Group results.

	Subject data	voltage	resistance	exhaustion
	V.A., 45 years old, husband.
	L.T., 38 years old, husband. Hand - l
	T.P., aged 32, female
	L.F., 38 years old, female
	A.I., 31 years old, female.
	G.M., 30 years old, husband.
	V.G., 26 years old, female

In general for the group: Tension - 46; Resistance - 38.4; Exhaustion - 46.3.

From the results obtained, it can be seen that the condition of the majority of the subjects is unfavorable. In all subjects, all phases of emotional burnout are in the formation stage; in one subject, a formed stage of stress is observed. You can also note the high tension and exhaustion of the team leader.

The conducted mini-diagnostics testifies to the importance of clarifying and explaining such a concept as burnout syndrome, as well as the stress factors that lead to it. After all, the manifestations of this syndrome negatively affect communication with a large number of people, emotive abilities and emotional stability. Moreover, the burnout syndrome progresses with each moment of stress or failure and threatens with a general violation of health and working capacity.

Burnout syndrome is a condition that develops on the basis of chronic stress experienced by a person at work. Such processes ultimately lead to the depletion of a person's personal and emotional-energetic resources. Professional burnout is a consequence of the internal accumulation of negative emotions. When a person does not have the possibility of a kind of "discharge", then sooner or later he will definitely develop a similar syndrome.

The syndrome of professional burnout provokes the development of an apathetic state in a person.

The phrase “burned out at work” has a very serious connotation, because a person who devotes everything to his professional activity free time and not having a psychological discharge, is at risk for the development of this syndrome. At the same time, his body will be depleted not only morally, but also physically. Health is undermined, interest in life is lost.

At first, there is nothing wrong with working at your peak. However, if this continues for a long time, then the situation will begin to heat up, become stressful, until it turns into chronic stress at all. Such people develop chronic fatigue, over time, all interest is lost not only in work, but also in hobbies, family and friends. These symptoms are very similar to those of depression.

Burnout syndrome provokes the development of such consequences in a patient:

• nervous exhaustion;
• apathetic state;
• loss of any motivation;
• problems with concentration.

Burnout syndrome develops gradually. The pace of its development is individual for each individual person, his working conditions, way of thinking, etc.

The opinion that any hard work will certainly cause the development of professional burnout syndrome is erroneous. If a person knows how to combine work and leisure, then even with high workloads, he can feel absolutely normal.

Causes

There are general and specific causes of this syndrome. The general ones include:

• conducting professional activities in constantly changing conditions, encountering unpredictable circumstances, etc.;
• the need to communicate a lot, including with negatively inclined personalities;
• life and work in megacities, where a person is forced to communicate with a large number of unfamiliar people, the need for unforeseen contacts, which often turn into a negative experience.

The last factor has a particularly strong influence on insecure and insecure people, making them even less sociable and depressed.

Specific causes of professional burnout are:

• professional problems related to working conditions or career growth, salary, job conditions, etc.;
• increased likelihood of injury and death due to the type of professional activity;
• social insecurity, lack of health insurance, etc.;
• threats from clients (patients) to go to court with certain claims (the main reason for the development of burnout syndrome among medical workers);
• the need to communicate with aggressive clients or patients who are trying to solve their psychological problems at the expense of the opponent.

To a lesser extent, professional burnout concerns people who have experience of successfully overcoming stress at work. If a person shows flexibility and is able to adapt to changing conditions, to form a positive attitude, then the development of such a syndrome does not threaten him.

How to recognize burnout?

Constant drowsiness is the first sign of professional burnout syndrome

A whole complex of symptoms has been established to accurately determine the syndrome of professional burnout. Conventionally, they can be divided into three groups:

• psychophysical;
• behavioral;
• socio-psychological.

Psychophysical signs:

• the patient feels physical and emotional exhaustion;
• there is constant fatigue, which is observed not only after a hard day, but also in the morning (this symptom indicates the development of chronic fatigue);
• headaches that occur frequently and for no reason;
• shortness of breath due to even minor emotional or physical stress;
• drowsiness, lethargy;
• weight change (both decrease and increase are possible);
• insomnia, which can manifest itself both completely and partially;
• asthenization - general weakness, fatigue, decrease in hormonal parameters;
• work disorders digestive systems s;
• decreased hearing, smell, touch and vision, partial loss of bodily sensations.

Socio-psychological symptoms are manifested as follows:

• general depression and indifference to everything, including the results of one's own activities;
• constant negative emotions that are completely unjustified;
• increased anxiety - a person is afraid that he did something wrong;
• irritability for minor reasons;
• lack of faith in professional or personal prospects;
• a constant feeling of fear of making a mistake, a manifestation of hyperresponsibility;
• high frequency nervous breakdowns when the patient has unmotivated anger or refusal to communicate with others.

Behavioral symptoms include:

• refusal to make decisions that a responsible position requires;
• irresponsibility;
• feeling of constant complication of work;
• propensity to radically change the working regime;
• feeling of absolute uselessness, lack of enthusiasm and complete indifference to the results of the work done.

With the development of these symptoms, a person needs a good rest. He may also need psychological help to objectively assess the situation at work.

Complications and consequences

With the syndrome, chronic depression and a feeling of depression begin to develop.

Starting with banal fatigue, the syndrome of professional burnout of a teacher can lead to disastrous consequences that will negatively affect not only the mental, but also the physical health person. In the last stages of the pathology, the individual completely loses his ability to work. He no longer wants and psychologically cannot do his usual work, and even a change in activity does not bring tangible results.

Against the background of such changes, a feeling of dissatisfaction with one's own life, disappointment in oneself grows. As a result, chronic diseases develop that threaten human life. There is a feeling of complete despair, which often leads to thoughts of suicide.

In modern medicine, there are two types of consequences of the syndrome of professional emotional burnout:

1. Physiological abnormalities. The work of the cardiovascular and digestive systems is disrupted, obesity and problems with the spine develop. Immunity falls, because of which the body becomes susceptible to the development of a number of infectious diseases.
2. Psychological deviations. Chronic depression develops. Some patients develop sleep problems and irritability. As a result, a number of somatic problems appear.

Diagnostics

In view of the vivid symptoms, any experienced psychologist and psychiatrist will be able to accurately determine the syndrome of emotional burnout already at the first contact with the patient. By asking leading questions, the specialist will determine the type and degree of mental deviation. Psychiatric tests can be used to complete the picture of the disease.

Treatment

This is about pathological condition which will worsen without adequate treatment. Therapy for this disorder involves the following:

1. Recreation and healthy sleep. Taking even potent drugs will be ineffective without quality rest. It is very important that a person begins to set aside certain time for hobbies, for communication with loved ones. Experts recommend sleeping at least 7 hours a day. It is also desirable to allocate about 15 minutes during the working day for complete relaxation.
2. Taking sedatives. It is recommended for the advanced course of the disease. Preparations and the course of administration should be prescribed exclusively by a specialist.
3. Visiting a psychotherapist to develop a positive attitude and learn the basics of self-control.
4. The so-called “threshold principle” is considered very effective. This technique involves separating work from private life. Such exercises are necessary for people suffering from professional burnout syndrome.

Prevention of burnout at work

Regular walks in the fresh air is an excellent tool for the prevention of professional burnout syndrome.

It is very important for people who work intensively to know how professional burnout syndrome is prevented. To do this, follow these tips:

1. Don't make work the center of your life. It is necessary from time to time to switch to other activities: family, hobbies, travel.
2. It is advisable to distribute the work for the whole day, taking breaks.
3. It is necessary to develop, if possible, a calm attitude to problems, to avoid stress.
4. Sports activities will keep the body in good shape.
5. You don't have to give up vacation. Once a year, you must definitely take a break from working days.
6. Walking outdoors is a great way to relax.
7. It is necessary to make plans for the future, set goals for yourself and achieve them.

The name “emotional burnout” was given to a syndrome that appears against the background of chronic stress in health workers and representatives of other professions whose work is associated with constant communication with people. The appearance of burnout syndrome leads to the depletion of the emotional and energy resources of the clinic employee. How to recognize the symptoms of such a syndrome, how to use various methods of preventing emotional burnout and how to deal with them - in our article.

Causes of professional burnout syndrome for health workers

The main reason why doctors, nurses and other medical staff experience professional burnout syndrome is the internal accumulation of negative emotions and the inability to get an emotional "relaxation" from their presence.

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Doctors and paramedical staff of medical clinics have a significant chance of becoming owners of burnout syndrome. There are several reasons for professional burnout in healthcare workers. Common ones include:

• constant close communication with patients, who can also be negatively minded;
• Medical professionals are forced to work in a rapidly changing environment and often face unpredictable circumstances in their professional activities.

Additional causes of professional burnout of medical workers and the risk of burnout syndrome bring the features of life in megacities:

• often imposed communication with strangers;
• interaction with many strangers;
• the need to be present in public places among a large number of people;
• lack of funds and time to improve health status.

FACT
In a special risk group insphereburnout syndrome should be attributed to doctors and paramedics of oncology clinics, as well as ambulance workers.

The specific causes of professional burnout of health workers and the emergence of burnout syndrome in physicians include:

• difficulties of a professional nature (for example, problems in the field of career development or not too high a salary, given the load on the employee). The state of workplaces can also become an incentive for the emergence of a burnout syndrome. For example, the lack of equipment necessary for the work of a doctor or an insufficient amount of medicines;
• The reason for the professional burnout of medical workers may also be the fact that in some cases it is simply impossible to help the patient, despite all the efforts expended. For oncologists, in particular, a priori higher mortality is characteristic, compared with other departments of clinics;
• interacting with stressed patients and their loved ones;
• Another reason for the professional burnout of medical workers is the recurring threat of patients' relatives in the event of a fatal outcome to the court or with complaints to the management.

Who is at least at risk of professional burnout?

Employees with a certain set of qualities are less susceptible to the threat of professional burnout:

• those who have emotional flexibility or those who have ever overcome professional stress;
• people with high self-esteem, self-confident;
• Another category of people who are resistant to professional burnout syndrome are employees with a positive mindset who have a sense of humor, thus supporting themselves and colleagues in difficult situations.

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To prevent situations of emotional burnout, prevention is also needed. But the most important thing is to regularly influence the causes of professional burnout in physicians.

Symptoms of professional burnout syndrome of doctors

Before taking measures to prevent burnout, it is necessary to assess at what stage the employee is. There are three groups of symptoms of burnout syndrome: psychophysical symptoms, socio-psychological and behavioral.

Psychophysical symptoms

• a feeling of persistent fatigue that occurs in the morning;
• emotional exhaustion of an employee;
• weakening of reactions to changes in the external environment: for example, a health worker does not have fear when a dangerous situation occurs, he does not have curiosity when something new arises;
• asthenization of the health worker's body (constant weakness, decrease in overall activity, deterioration in blood biochemistry, deterioration in hormonal indicators);
• the occurrence of frequent headaches for no apparent reason, frequent disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• a sharp change in weight indicators, both in one direction and in the other;
• sleep problems;
• a marked decrease in empathy and sensitivity;
• deterioration of the senses.

Socio-psychological symptoms

• constantly reduced emotional tone, the health worker experiences a feeling of depression;
• high irritability and aggressive reaction to insignificant events;
• the appearance of nervous breakdowns - for example, outbursts of unreasonable anger or unwillingness to communicate;
• constant unreasonable experience of negative emotions;
• increased anxiety;
• hyper-responsibility and fears of not coping with duties;
• negative attitude towards life and work, confidence that it is useless to do anything - there will be no result.

behavioral symptoms

• feeling that it is increasingly difficult for the doctor to perform regular duties;
• changes in the working regime - a doctor can come to work early and leave late, but perform the same amount of work, or be late and go home early;
• disbelief in improvement, decrease in enthusiasm in the performance of professional duties, indifference to the results of their work;
• unwillingness to perform important tasks, focusing on unimportant details, spending most of the working time on inefficient activities.

The onset of such symptoms is a direct signal that the doctor needs both rest and measures to help protect himself from the onset of professional burnout syndrome.

Stages of professional burnout according to the method of V.V. Boyko

The stages of professional burnout include several phases.

Voltage phase

This phase of the burnout syndrome is characterized by the following features:

1. Experience of traumatic circumstances

This symptom appears against the background of experiencing psychotraumatic factors of work, which the doctor himself cannot eliminate. At this stage of the stage of professional burnout, the inability to influence the situation becomes the first impetus for the onset of "burnout".

2. Dissatisfaction with oneself

Since the doctor cannot influence the situation, negative emotions only grow. As a result, emotions begin to influence the attitude to everything - to oneself, to work, to any situations in it.

3. Feeling "caged"

His appearance becomes a logical continuation of the constantly escalating stress. The result is a state of intellectual and emotional stupor, which is evidence of the onset of the stage of professional burnout.

4. Depressive-anxious state

The highest degree of tension, which completes the formation of this stage of professional burnout of doctors, is disappointment in oneself, in the profession or place of work.

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phase of resistance

During this period of professional burnout and the development of the syndrome of emotional burnout, the doctor tries to reduce the pressure of external circumstances, to protect himself from them.

This stage of professional burnout is characterized by the following features:

The doctor begins to limit the emotional return to patients, selectively reacting to situations, and not noticing it. A person pays attention to someone only according to his mood, showing impoliteness, emotional callousness and indifference. Colleagues usually interpret this as disrespect, but this is only evidence of the beginning of the second stage of professional burnout.

2. Moral disorientation

The doctor begins to realize that his relationship with patients and colleagues is far from ideal, but justifies himself: “I don’t have to sympathize with everyone”, “should I worry about everyone?”, etc.

However, the doctor does not have the moral right to divide patients into “good” and “bad”, worthy and unworthy of respect. The professionalism of a doctor includes not only the performance of professional duty, but also an invaluable attitude towards people and respect for each individual.

3. Strengthening the economy of emotions

The "victims" of emotional burnout at this stage of professional burnout are members of the doctor's family or his relatives. He does not want to communicate with anyone, and when communication does occur, it is carried out in a raised voice.

4. Simplification of professional duties

This effect demonstrates the desire of a doctor experiencing emotional burnout to reduce those duties, the performance of which requires the manifestation of any kind of emotionality.

Exhaustion phase

The third stage of professional burnout of a doctor, the so-called phase of exhaustion, is characterized by a weakening and deterioration of work nervous system. The state of emotional burnout seems normal to the doctor - although in reality, of course, it is not. This stage of professional burnout can be identified by the following symptoms:

1. Feeling "emotional deficit". The doctor feels that he is unable to help his patients. He is incapable of compassion and empathy. In communication, irritability, harshness and rudeness are noticeable.

2. Emotional detachment. At this stage of professional burnout, the doctor almost completely excludes emotions from everything related to work. Although in other areas it is able to react emotionally.

IMPORTANT

A patient who comes to the doctor expecting help is seriously traumatized by this attitude. Especially if this is a pronounced form of detachment, when the doctor clearly demonstrates that the patient's problems and the patient himself do not care at all, or, moreover, the doctor does not care about the patient's feelings. When it comes to a private clinic – due to the influence of the burnout syndrome, she will begin to rapidly lose customers or gain negative feedback affecting the reputation of the clinic as a whole.

3. Depersonalization of detachment. At this stage of the professional burnout syndrome, the doctor becomes emotionally detached not only at work, but also in other areas when communicating with anyone.

ATTENTION

If the development of this symptom is ignored, the doctor may develop an antisocial attitude. He can claim that he hates all people, that working with patients is not interesting to him, not important. He is convinced of this and is ready to defend his point of view. In such a situation, especially if such an employee has the prerequisites for the emergence of psychopathic states, working with people is contraindicated for him.

4. The appearance of psychosomatic disorders in a doctor. With an increase in negativity at this stage of professional burnout in a doctor, sometimes even the thought of difficult patients can cause a deterioration in mood, discomfort in the heart, and even exacerbations chronic diseases. The work of an employee in such a state in his position can not only harm the clinic, but also negatively affect the health of the doctor himself - up to and including death.

Methods for preventing emotional burnout

The effectiveness of measures to prevent emotional burnout primarily depends on whether the doctor himself is ready to work on himself in this direction. But what if the prevention of emotional burnout was not carried out, and the syndrome has already appeared? Here are a few exercises that can help you get rid of professional burnout syndrome on your own.

• Leaving work, leave all the problems and difficulties of working moments outside the office door. Don't bring work problems to family or friends. Do not carry a burden of problems. This recommendation is also suitable as a method of preventing emotional burnout.
• Use photographs of loved ones, beautiful landscapes, and so on as distractions from problems during the working day. Place them on your computer desktop or as decorative elements on the table or walls - and from time to time look at them, mentally "leaving" in a more comfortable environment. This advice is also suitable as a method of preventing emotional burnout.
• Get out for at least ten minutes in the fresh air two or three times during the working day.
• Use aromatherapy techniques. The smell of citrus will help you (for example, from a sachet, flavoring, or from a real fruit).

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The constant prevention of professional burnout is extremely important. To prevent the occurrence of professional burnout of doctors, the following methods of preventing emotional burnout can be used:

• apply "timeouts" during work;
• determine short-term and long-term goals when setting work tasks. Successful achievement of short-term goals motivates and increases the efficiency of work on oneself;
• master the skills of self-regulation, reducing the level of stress;
• engage in professional self-development, exchanging experience with colleagues and increasing socialization;
• stabilize emotional communication, share your feelings more often not only with colleagues, but also with representatives of other professional fields - this also reduces stress levels;
• keep in good physical shape bad habits exacerbate symptoms of burnout.

Methods for preventing burnout among employees that can be used by the head of the clinic:

• not make unreasonably high demands on health workers;
• optimize the distribution of work tasks between employees, distributing them evenly;
• modify work processes that cause excessive stress;
• form, if necessary, special psychological support groups for each other;
• to enable employees, if required, to work part-time;
• motivate employees to participate in the life of the team, and, of course, to make those decisions that directly affect their working conditions;
• training employees to conduct anti-stress measures in the workplace;
• Creation of rest rooms for clinic staff.

Work with the professional burnout syndrome of doctors in Russia abroad

Foreign experts recommend working with burnout syndrome among medical workers with the help of preventive trainings, in particular, group psychotherapy sessions. In addition, a wide range of additional methods are used as methods for preventing emotional burnout - attending lectures on methods of coping with stress, massage, relaxing baths, fitness classes and Nordic walking etc.

However, the leading role in the fight against this syndrome is given to the prevention of emotional burnout and the impact on the causes of professional burnout of medical workers.

FACT

In Germany, an employee may not come to work if he suffers from depression or burnout syndrome. This condition is considered a mental illness. Wherein wage fully preserved for six weeks. However, the employee must notify management of his absence from work before the start of the working day. – for example, by phone or e-mail, and be sure to provide medical confirmation that he is really sick – no later than the fourth day of absence, and preferably on the first day. In the future, an employee of the company subject to the syndrome of professional burnout is regularly observed by a doctor and returns to work after the end of treatment.

In Russia, attention to the syndrome of emotional burnout, the causes of professional burnout of medical workers and methods of preventing emotional burnout was first attracted in 2016. In particular, a Center for Psychological Support for City Healthcare Workers was opened in Chita.

Psychologists of the center conduct consultations on the prevention of emotional burnout and trainings, increasing the development of communication skills and skills of conflict-free communication. They investigate the causes of professional burnout of medical workers, carry out diagnostics, analyze the stages of professional burnout, and also organize various events that allow physicians who have experienced professional burnout syndrome to return to normal work.

The profession of a medical worker refers to complex types of work that require the subject to have a versatile education, the continuity of the process of professionalization, as well as the possession of personal and professional qualities.

A medical worker is endowed with the trust of society, therefore the attention and humanism of a medical worker, his respect for the patient should not be determined by the feigned courtesy and sugary sweetness of his words, good but false manners. He must have a sense of duty, responsibility, empathy, fierce patience, observation, intuition, determination, optimism, etc.

The work of medical workers is responsible, requires endurance, involves a high and constant psycho-emotional load, as well as the need to make decisions in extreme situations. The very professional activity of medical workers involves emotional richness and a high percentage of factors that cause stress. Emotions are usually ambivalent: satisfaction with a successful operation or treatment, a sense of self-worth, belonging to other people, approval and respect from colleagues; but also regret, oppression due to misdiagnosis or mistreatment, envy of successful colleagues, disappointment in the profession, and so on.

There is a classification of professions according to the "criterion of difficulty and harmfulness" of activity (according to A.S. Shafranova, 1925):

1. Professions of the highest type - on the basis of the need for constant extracurricular work on the subject and oneself (enlightenment, art, medicine).

2. Professions of the middle (handicraft) type - imply work only on the subject.

3. Professions of the lowest type - after training, they do not require work either on themselves or on the subject.

It would be natural to attribute the profession of a doctor to professions of the highest type precisely because of the need for constant reflection on the content of the subject of one's activity.

It is the responsibility of healthcare workers to provide medical care citizens, and often such assistance should be urgent, provided in a situation of severe stress experienced by a patient who is in serious condition. In the course of their activities, medical workers keep records of the patient's health status, prescribe him the necessary medical supplies thus taking responsibility for its future state. A medical worker has a great responsibility for the life and health of the population in the area entrusted to him, which undoubtedly causes this category of employees to be exposed to daily stressful situations and can affect their mental health.

The communicative side of the activities of medical workers is of no small importance, because. in the course of it, a healthcare employee must provide assistance to the patient, and often such assistance is not so much medical as psychological. A medical worker is obliged to support a person who finds himself in a difficult situation, to show care, attention, empathy. Faced with negative emotions, a medical worker involuntarily and involuntarily becomes involved in them, as a result of which he himself begins to experience increased emotional stress.

The work of most medical workers is carried out in such conditions that they are affected by a complex of adverse production factors of various nature, neuro-emotional overstrain, and high responsibility.

The doctor at the level of emotional experience is constantly dealing with death. She can act for him in three forms:

1) real (uselessness of resuscitation, death on the surgeon's table);

2) potential (health, and, possibly, life of a person depends on the results of the doctor’s activity, on his professionalism);

3) phantom (in the form of it, complaints about the state of health of a suspicious person, fear and anxiety of a chronic patient, relationships with relatives of seriously ill patients, and even the idea of ​​​​death in the public mind) can act.

In each of these cases, there is a problem for the doctor of not including his feelings in the situation. This is far from always possible, because with all these formations (real, potential and phantom death) he simply needs to build relationships. Naturally, only an emotionally mature, holistic person is able to solve these problems and cope with such difficulties.

Among the psychological stress factors, the effect of which affects the medical staff, include:

a large number of contacts with sick people and their relatives, constant contact with other people's problems and pain, with negative emotions that carry negative energy;

increased requirements for professional competence doctor and to service to others, self-giving;

Responsibility for the life and health of other people;

Work environment with new social risk factors such as crime, drug addiction, homelessness, etc.

An analysis of specific studies of the syndrome of mental burnout shows that among the causes of burnout in physicians, one can single out general and specific ones.

Common reasons include:

Intensive communication with different people, including negative ones;

· work in changing conditions, collision with unpredictable circumstances;

Features of life in megacities, in conditions of imposed communication and interaction with a large number of strangers in public places, lack of time and money for special actions to improve one's own health.

Specific reasons include:

problems of a professional nature (career growth) and working conditions (insufficient salary level, condition of jobs, lack of necessary equipment for high-quality and successful performance of one's work);

inability to provide assistance to the patient in some cases;

higher mortality than in most other departments;

The impact of patients and their loved ones seeking to resolve their psychological problems through communication with the doctor;

· recent trend - the threat of appeals from relatives of patients in case of death with legal claims, lawsuits, complaints.

Often, employees exposed to prolonged professional stress experience internal cognitive dissonance: the harder a person works, the more actively he avoids thoughts and feelings associated with internal "burnout". The development of this condition is facilitated by certain personal characteristics in medical workers - a high level of emotional lability (neuroticism), high self-control, especially when expressing negative emotions with the desire to suppress them, rationalization of the motives of their behavior, a tendency to increased anxiety and depressive reactions associated with the unattainability of "internal standard" and blocking negative experiences in oneself, a rigid personality structure. The paradox is that the ability of medical professionals to deny their negative emotions may indicate strength, but often this becomes their weakness.

Scheme 1. Constituent elements of the professional burnout syndrome

Scheme 1 shows the main components of the professional burnout syndrome: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, reduction of professional achievements.

Let us consider in more detail the features of professional activity and the individual characteristics of professionals working in ambulance teams.

"Burned out" ambulance workers indicate the long hours of work, a large number of calls, lack of equipment and medicines, unclear work planning (unstable work schedule). Ambulance workers have increased responsibility for their functions and operations. Doctors and paramedics work "for wear and tear" - after all, responsibility and self-control are very high. As a result, anxiety, depression, emotional rigidity, emotional devastation may appear. Ambulance personnel constantly deal with psychologically difficult contingents (heavy and dying patients). Sometimes there are conflict cases in the "head-subordinate" system, more often in the "colleague-colleague" system, when the doctor and paramedic working in the team are people with completely different views and positions on certain things.

All of the above refers to external factors (features of professional activity) that cause the syndrome of "emotional burnout".

Internal factors (individual characteristics of the professionals themselves) include: a tendency to emotional rigidity; intensive internalization of the circumstances of professional activity.

About 20% of young ambulance professionals leave in the first five years of their work experience. They either change the profile of work, or even change their profession. After 5-7 years, doctors and paramedics acquire energy-saving strategies for the performance of professional activities. The reason is the depletion of emotional and energy resources and, in connection with this, the search for ways to restore and save them. Indeed, it sometimes happens that periods of intense interiorization and psychological defense alternate in work; weak motivation of emotional return in professional activity, moral defects and disorientation of the personality are possible.

The main symptoms of "emotional burnout" of ambulance workers include (according to the conducted clinical and psychological interviews):

Fatigue, fatigue, exhaustion (after vigorous professional activity);

psychosomatic problems (fluctuations in blood pressure, headaches, diseases of the digestive and cardiovascular systems, neurological disorders);

insomnia;

negative attitude towards patients (after positive relationships that have taken place);

negative attitude to the activity performed (instead of the previously present "this is a matter for life");

stereotyping of personal attitude, standardization of communication, activities, acceptance ready-made forms knowledge, narrowing the repertoire of working actions,

Rigidity of mental operations;

aggressive tendencies (anger and irritability towards colleagues and patients);

functional, negative attitude towards oneself;

anxiety states;

· pessimistic mood, depression, sense of meaninglessness of current events.

One of the first places at the risk of burnout is the profession nurse. Her working day is the closest communication with people, mainly with the sick, who require vigilant care and attention.

By the nature of their activities, nurses are required to clearly know and apply the theoretical knowledge they have received in practice, to carry out sanitary and educational work at the site, including the promotion of medical knowledge, hygiene education and training of the population healthy lifestyle life, organize an outpatient appointment with a doctor (preparation of the workplace, instruments, instruments, preparation of individual outpatient cards, forms, prescriptions, preliminary history taking, preliminary examination of the patient), perform preventive, therapeutic, diagnostic measures prescribed by the doctor in the clinic and in hospital, assist the doctor during outpatient operations and complex manipulations, etc.

The nurse must be prepared to provide daily care emergency care Thus, she experiences stressful situations associated with the performance of her professional activities, which allows us to speak about the exposure of nurses to the risk of professional burnout. If we consider the risk factors of the socio-professional nature of nurses, then we should highlight the long-term emotional stress of specialists associated with responsibility for the life and health of people, their daily exposure to stress, a collision with someone else's pain, and as a result, chronic fatigue, overstrain.

Constant clash with other people's pain, suffering, problems related to life and health issues inevitably lead to coarsening, emotional immunity, and as a result, to professional burnout of nurses.

There is a close relationship between professional "burnout" in nurses and the motivation of activity. Burnout can lead to a decrease in professional motivation: hard work gradually turns into an empty occupation, apathy and even negativism appear in relation to work duties, which are reduced to the necessary minimum. Often, "workaholism" and an active passion for their professional activities among nurses also contribute to the development of burnout symptoms.

There are three types of nurses who are threatened by CMEA:

1) "pedantic", characterized by conscientiousness elevated to an absolute, excessive, painful accuracy, the desire to achieve exemplary order in any business (even to the detriment of oneself);

2) "demonstrative", striving to excel in everything, always to be in sight. This type is characterized by a high degree of exhaustion when performing even inconspicuous routine work;

3) "emotive", consisting of impressionable and sensitive people. Their responsiveness, their tendency to perceive someone else's pain as their own, borders on pathology, on self-destruction.

When examining nurses in psychiatric departments, it was found that burnout syndrome is manifested in them by inadequate response to patients and their colleagues, lack of emotional involvement, loss of the ability to empathize with patients, fatigue leading to a reduction in professional duties and the negative impact of work on personal life.

Various categories of medical workers are subject to the formation of the syndrome of professional burnout. The risk of disease is high among professionals working in the field of psychiatry and psychotherapy. For example, psychiatrists are more likely than other physicians to report burnout, depression, or other psychiatric disorders. It is noticeable that, first of all, novice specialists are prone to health disorders caused by stress. 76% of junior residents show symptoms of professional burnout, such as emotional exhaustion or demotivation. The fact is that they often have idealized ideas about their profession and therefore the beginning of their work activity is often associated with disappointments for them. The activity of a psychotherapist is public, implies the need to work with a large number of people and involves the provision of services to clients. Moreover, the latter differ from the main mass of the population in mental imbalance and deviant behavior in one form or another. Among psychotherapists and psychologists-consultants, people with a low level of professional security (lack of practical work experience, the impossibility of systematic professional development, etc.) are subject to syndromes of emotional and, as a result, professional burnout. Diseases, experiencing severe stress, psychological trauma (divorce, death of a loved one or patient) can provoke the syndrome.

Employees of "heavy" departments, primarily those who care for seriously ill patients with cancer, HIV / AIDS, in burn and resuscitation departments constantly experience a state of chronic stress due to negative mental experiences, intense interpersonal interactions, tension and complexity of work and etc. As a result of the gradually emerging burnout syndrome, mental and physical fatigue, indifference to work arise, the quality of medical care decreases, and a negative and even cynical attitude towards patients is generated.

Thus, the specificity of the professional activity of medical workers is a prerequisite for the development of SEB.

UDC 159.9:61

E. E. Tatkina

BURNOUT SYNDROME OF MEDICAL WORKERS AS AN OBJECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Burnout syndrome is a process of gradual loss of emotional, cognitive and physical energy, manifested in symptoms of emotional, mental exhaustion, physical fatigue, personal withdrawal and decreased job satisfaction. It is seen as the result of poorly managed stress in the workplace. The article discusses preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation measures.

Key words: burnout syndrome, professional activity, burnout prevention, burnout therapy.

The organization of labor of specialists of various professional groups, associated with intensive and often tense interpersonal communication, becomes last years object of increasing attention of psychology and medicine. This fully applies to medical workers, as they experience psycho-emotional overload, often leading to the occurrence of diseases, reduced ability to work and an active period of life. A special place in the issue of effective organization of work of such specialists is occupied by the problem of occupational stress, or "burnout syndrome" (hereinafter referred to as SEB). This word has existed in the medical lexicon for a quarter of a century. It began to be used at first in the UK to describe demoralization, frustration, specific fatigue among workers in psychiatric institutions. However, it was soon concluded that burnout was not unique to psychiatrists. All doctors and nurses are affected to one degree or another.

At present, there is no single point of view on the essence of the CMEA and its structure, but, despite this, we can say that it represents a physical, emotional and mental exhaustion that manifests itself in the professions of the person-person system. This syndrome includes three main components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (cynicism) and reduction of professional achievements.

The main cause of EBS is considered to be psychological, mental overwork. When demands (internal and external) prevail over resources (internal and external) for a long time, the state of equilibrium is disturbed in a person. The relationship of the identified changes with the nature of professional activity associated with responsibility for the fate, health, and life of people has been established. These changes inevitably lead to BS and are regarded as the result of exposure to prolonged occupational stress. Among occupational stressors that contribute to the development of CMEA, there is an obligatory

ness of work in a strictly established mode of the day. great emotional richness of interaction acts. For a number of health workers, the stressfulness of interaction is due to the fact that communication lasts for hours, and the recipients are patients with a difficult fate, disadvantaged children and adolescents, who talk about their innermost, suffering, fears, hatred.

Workplace stress - the mismatch between the individual and the demands placed on them - is a key component of SEB. The main organizational factors contributing to burnout include: high workload; lack or lack of social support from colleagues and management; insufficient remuneration for work; a high degree of uncertainty in the assessment of the work performed; inability to influence decision-making; ambiguous, ambiguous job requirements; constant risk of penalties; monotonous, monotonous and unpromising activity; the need to outwardly show emotions that do not correspond to reality; lack of days off, vacations and interests outside of work. Work with seriously ill patients predisposes to professional risk factors for burnout (gerontological, oncological patients, aggressive and suicidal patients, dependent patients).

The development of CMEA is facilitated by personality traits: a high level of emotional lability; high self-control, especially with volitional suppression of negative emotions; rationalization of the motives of one's behavior; a tendency to increased anxiety and depressive reactions associated with the unattainability of the "internal standard" and the blocking of negative experiences in oneself; rigid personality structure.

A person's personality is a fairly holistic and stable structure, and it is common for it to seek ways to protect itself from deformation. One of the ways of such psychological protection is the “burnout syndrome”. The main reason for the development

tiya CMEA - the discrepancy between personality and work, between the increased requirements of the head to the employee and the real possibilities of the latter. Quite often, the SEV is caused by a discrepancy between the desire of workers to have a greater degree of independence in their work, to look for ways and methods to achieve the results for which they are responsible, and the rigid, irrational policy of the administration in organizing work activity and monitoring it. The result of such control

The emergence of feelings of futility of their activities and lack of responsibility.

There are three types of nurses who are threatened by CMEA:

1st - "pedantic", characterized by conscientiousness elevated to an absolute, excessive, painful accuracy, the desire to achieve exemplary order in any business (even to the detriment of oneself);

2nd - "demonstrative", striving to excel in everything, always to be in sight. This type is characterized by a high degree of exhaustion when performing even inconspicuous routine work;

3rd - "emotive", consisting of impressionable and sensitive people. Their responsiveness, their tendency to perceive someone else's pain as their own, borders on pathology, on self-destruction.

Currently, there are about 100 symptoms, one way or another associated with SES. First of all, it should be noted that the conditions of professional activity can sometimes be the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome, which, by the way, quite often accompanies CMEA. With chronic fatigue syndrome, typical complaints of patients are: progressive fatigue, decreased performance; poor tolerance of previously habitual loads; muscle weakness; muscle pain; sleep disorders; headaches; forgetfulness; irritability; decreased mental activity and ability to concentrate. In persons suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, prolonged subfebrile condition and sore throat may be recorded. When making this diagnosis, it should be borne in mind that there should be no other causes or diseases that can cause the appearance of such symptoms.

There are three key features of SEV:

1. The development of SEV is preceded by a period of increased activity, when a person is completely absorbed in work, refuses needs that are not related to it, forgets about his own needs, and then the first sign comes - exhaustion. It is defined as a feeling of overstrain and exhaustion of emotional and physical resources, a feeling of fatigue that does not go away after a night's sleep. After rest, these phenomena decrease, but resume upon returning to the previous working situation.

2. The second sign is personal detachment. Professionals, when changing their compassion for the patient (client), regard the developing emotional withdrawal as an attempt to cope with emotional stressors at work. In extreme manifestations of a person, almost nothing excites from professional activity, almost nothing causes an emotional response - neither positive nor negative circumstances. Interest in the client (patient) is lost, which is perceived at the level of an inanimate object, the very presence of which is sometimes unpleasant.

3. The third sign is a feeling of loss of self-efficacy, or a drop in self-esteem as part of burnout. A person does not see prospects in his professional activity, job satisfaction decreases, faith in his professional capabilities is lost.

In people affected by BS, as a rule, a combination of psychopathological, psychosomatic, somatic symptoms and signs of social dysfunction is detected. Chronic fatigue, cognitive dysfunction (impaired memory, attention), sleep disturbance, personality changes are observed. Perhaps the development of anxiety, depressive disorders, addictions to psychoactive substances, suicide. Common somatic symptoms are headache, gastrointestinal (diarrhea, irritable stomach syndrome) and cardiovascular (tachycardia, arrhythmia, hypertension) disorders.

There are five main symptoms characteristic of CMEA:

Physical symptoms (fatigue, physical fatigue, exhaustion; weight change; insufficient sleep, insomnia; poor general health, including sensations; difficulty breathing, shortness of breath; nausea, dizziness, excessive sweating, trembling; increased blood pressure; ulcers and inflammatory diseases skin; diseases of the cardiovascular system);

Emotional symptoms (lack of emotions; pessimism, cynicism and callousness in work and personal life; indifference, fatigue; feelings of helplessness and hopelessness; aggressiveness, irritability; anxiety, increased irrational anxiety, inability to concentrate; depression, guilt; tantrums, mental anguish; loss ideals, hopes or professional prospects; increased depersonalization of oneself or others - people become faceless, like mannequins; a feeling of loneliness prevails);

Behavioral symptoms (working time more than 45 hours a week; fatigue and a desire to rest during work; indifference to food; little physical activity; justification for the use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs; accidents - falls,

injuries, accidents, etc.; impulsive emotional behavior);

Intellectual state (falling interest in new theories and ideas in work, in alternative approaches to solving problems; boredom, melancholy, apathy, loss of taste and interest in life; greater preference for standard patterns, routine, rather than a creative approach; cynicism or indifference to innovations; low participation or refusal to participate in developmental experiments - trainings, education; formal performance of work);

Social symptoms (low social activity; a drop in interest in leisure, hobbies; social contacts are limited to work; poor relationships at work and at home; a feeling of isolation, misunderstanding by others and others; a feeling of lack of support from family, friends, colleagues).

Thus, CMEA is characterized by a pronounced combination of symptoms of disorders in the mental, somatic and social spheres of life. Preventive and therapeutic measures for SES are largely similar: what protects against the development of this syndrome can also be used in its treatment. Preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitative measures should be aimed at relieving the action of the stressor: relieving work stress, increasing professional motivation, balancing the balance between the effort expended and the reward received.

With the appearance and development of signs of CMEA, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of his working conditions (organizational level), the nature of the emerging relationships in the team (interpersonal level), personal reactions and morbidity (individual level).

Setting short-term and long-term goals (this not only provides feedback that the patient is on the right track, but also increases long-term motivation)

tion; achievement of short-term goals - success, which increases the degree of self-education);

The use of "time-outs", which is necessary to ensure mental and physical well-being (rest from work);

Mastering the skills and abilities of self-regulation (relaxation, ideomotor acts, goal setting and positive inner speech help reduce the level of stress leading to burnout);

Professional development and self-improvement (one of the ways to protect against SEB is the exchange of professional information with representatives of other services, which gives a sense of a wider world than that which exists within a separate team, there are various ways for this - advanced training courses, conferences, etc. );

Avoiding unnecessary competition (there are situations when it cannot be avoided, but an excessive desire to win gives rise to anxiety, makes a person aggressive, which contributes to the onset of the syndrome);

Emotional communication (when a person analyzes his feelings and shares them with others, the likelihood of burnout is significantly reduced or this process is not so pronounced);

Maintaining a good physical shape (do not forget that there is a close relationship between the state of the body and the mind: unhealthy diet, abuse of alcohol, tobacco, weight loss or obesity aggravate the manifestations of SES.

For the purpose of targeted prevention of SES, one should:

Try to calculate and deliberately distribute your loads,

Learn to switch from one activity to another

Easier to deal with conflicts at work,

Do not try to be the best always and in everything.

Bibliography

1. Boyko VV Syndrome of "emotional burnout" in professional communication. SPb., 1999. S. 32.

2. Orel V. E. Research of the phenomenon of psychological burnout in domestic and foreign psychology. Problems of general and organizational psychology. Yaroslavl, 1999. S. 76-97.

3. Ronginskaya T. I. Burnout syndrome in social professions. Psikhol. magazine. 2002. V. 23. No. 3. S. 85-95.

4. Skugarevskaya M. M. Burnout syndrome // Medical News. 2002. No. 7. S. 3-9.

Tatkina E. G., teacher.

Tomsk Regional Basic Medical College.

st. Smirnova, 44/1, Tomsk, Tomsk region, Russia, 634000.

The material was received by the editors on 08.10.2009

SYNDROME OF BURNOUT OF MEDICAL WORKERS AS THE OBJECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

The syndrome of bumout is the process of gradual loss of emotional, cognitive and physical energy, appearing in the form of emotional and mental exhaustion, and decrease of work satisfaction. It is regarded as the result of working stress which has not been successfully overcome. In the article preventive, medicinal and rehabilitation measures are also discussed.

Key words: the syndrome of burnout, professional activity, prevention of burnout, therapy of burnout.

Tomsk Base Medical College.

Ul. Smirnova, 44/1, Tomsk, Tomskaya oblast, Russia, 634000.