Home » Infectious diseases » Grushin Boris Andreevich biography. Memorial page: Grushin Boris Andreevich

Grushin Boris Andreevich biography. Memorial page: Grushin Boris Andreevich

Boris Andreevich Grushin(August 2, 1929, Moscow - September 18, 2007, ibid.) - Soviet and Russian philosopher, sociologist, methodologist of historical and sociological research. Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education (1993, Department of Education and Culture). Chief researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Biography

He graduated from school with a gold medal. Graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University (1952), diploma “The Problem of the Logical and Historical in Marx’s Capital”; postgraduate studies there, candidate's dissertation “Techniques and methods of reproducing historical processes of development in thinking” (1957).

One of the founders of the Moscow Logical Circle (since 1952; the Circle also included A. A. Zinoviev, M. K. Mamardashvili and G. P. Shchedrovitsky; later - the Moscow Methodological Circle (MMK)).

Doctoral dissertation “Problems in the methodology of public opinion research” (1967).

Founded the “Institute of Public Opinion” (1960-1967) at the newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda” (Moscow). In 1962-1965. and in 1977-1981. - employee of the magazine “Problems of Peace and Socialism” (Prague, Czechoslovakia).

Grushin is one of the pioneers of applied sociological research in the USSR. He was the first head of the public opinion research department at the first Soviet sociological research center, the Institute of Concrete Social Research of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the 1960s.

In 1967-8. and in 1982-9. - Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University. In 1988-90 - one of the organizers of the All-Union Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM). In 1989 he created the Vox Populi public opinion research service. Worked at the Institute of Sociological Research, CEMI and other academic centers. He taught at universities in the USA.

In 1993 he was a member of the Presidential Council. Laureate of the Union of Journalists of Russia Prize “For Journalistic Excellence” in 2003 (for the book “Four Lives of Russia”).

Among his students and followers are J. Kapelyush, V. Sazonov, T. Dridze, A. Zhavoronkov, A. Vostil, V. Korobeinikov, E. Andryushchenko, V. Tokarovsky, E. Avraamova, L. Byzov and many others.

Academician T.I. Zaslavskaya described him as “the largest specialist in the study of public opinion in the USSR.”

He was buried at the Miusskoe cemetery.

Selected works

Grushin B. A. Essays on the logic of historical research. - M., 1961.
Grushin B., Chikin V. In the name of human happiness. - M., 1960.
Grushin B., Chikin V. Face of a generation. - M.: 1961.
Grushin B., Chikin V. Confession of a generation. - M.: 1962.
Grushin B. Free time. Magnitude. Structure. Problems. Prospects. - M., 1966.
Grushin B. Free time. Current problems. - M., 1966.
Grushin B. A. Opinions about the world and the world of opinions. - M., 1967.
Mass information in a Soviet industrial city. Experience of complex sociological research. / Ed. B. A. Grushina, L. A. Onikova. - M., 1980.
Gruin B. In pivo veritas: sentence, aforismy a dal pozoruhodn texty z praskch restaurac, hostinc a pivnic. - Prague: Merkur, 1985.
Grushin B. A. Mass consciousness. - M., 1987.
Grushin B. A. The bitter taste of lack of demand // Russian sociology of the sixties / Ed. G. S. Batygina. - M., 1999 ()
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 1st “Era of Khrushchev”. M., 2001;
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 2nd “The Age of Brezhnev” Part 1. M., 2003.
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 2nd “The Age of Brezhnev” Part 2. M., 2006.

About Grushin

Tabatchnikova S. Le cercle de mthodologie de Moscow: 1954-1989. Une pense, une pratique. Paris: cole des hautes tudes en sciences sociales, 2007
Doctorov B.Z. Founding Fathers. History of public opinion research. M.: Center for Social Forecasting, 2006. Ch. 10.
Doktorov B.Z. Pioneers of the world of opinions: from Gallup to Grushin. M.: Institute of the Public Opinion Foundation, 2005. Ch. V.
Doctorov B.Z. He studied people’s opinions “mercilessly, in spite of everything.” In memory of Boris Andreevich Grushin (1929-2007) // Sociological Journal. - 2007. - No. 4. - P. 171-184.
Doctorov B. Z. B. A. Grushin. Four decades of studying Russian public opinion // Telescope: observations of everyday life Petersburgers. - 2004. - No. 4. - P. 2-13.
We fought wars all the time for our subject

Lua error in Module:CategoryForProfession on line 52: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value).

Boris Andreevich Grushin(August 2, Moscow - September 18, ibid.) - Soviet and Russian philosopher, sociologist, methodologist of historical and sociological research. Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education (1993, Department of Education and Culture). Chief Researcher.

Biography

He graduated from school with a gold medal. Graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University (), diploma “The Problem of the Logical and Historical in Marx’s Capital”; postgraduate study there, candidate's dissertation “Techniques and methods of reproducing historical development processes in thinking” ().

Doctoral dissertation “Problems in the methodology of public opinion research” ().

Founded the “Institute of Public Opinion” (-) at the newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda” (Moscow). In - gg. and in - gg. - employee of the magazine “Problems of Peace and Socialism” (Prague, Czechoslovakia).

In 1967-8. and in 1982-9. - Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University. In 1988-90 - one of the organizers of the All-Union Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM). In 1989 he created the Vox Populi Public Opinion Research Service. Worked at , CEMI and other academic centers. He taught at universities in the USA.

Selected works

Grushin B. A. Essays on the Logic of Historical Research. - M., 1961.
Grushin B., Chikin V. In the name of human happiness. - M., 1960.
Grushin B., Chikin V. Face of a generation. - M.: 1961.
Grushin B., Chikin V. Confession of a generation. - M.: 1962.
Grushin B. Free time. Magnitude. Structure. Problems. Prospects. - M., 1966.
Grushin B. Free time. Current issues. - M., 1966.
Grushin B. A. Opinions about the world and the world of opinions. - M., 1967.
Mass information in a Soviet industrial city. Experience of comprehensive sociological research. / Ed. B. A. Grushina, L. A. Onikova. - M., 1980.
Grusin B. In pivo veritas: sentence, aforismy a další pozoruhodné texty z pražských restaurací, hostinců a pivnic. - Praha: Merkur, 1985.
Grushin B. A. Mass consciousness. - M., 1987.
Grushin B. A. The bitter taste of not being in demand// Russian sociology of the sixties / Ed. G. S. Batygina. - M., 1999 ()
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 1st “Era of Khrushchev”. M., 2001;
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 2nd “The Age of Brezhnev” Part 1. M., 2003.
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 2nd “The Age of Brezhnev” Part 2. M., 2006.

About Grushin

Tabatchnikova S. Le cercle de méthodologie de Moscow: 1954-1989. Une pensée, une pratique. Paris: Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales,
Doctorov B.Z. Founding Fathers. History of public opinion research. M.: Center for Social Forecasting, 2006. Ch. 10.
Doctorov B.Z. Pioneers of the world of opinions: from Gallup to Grushin. M.: Institute of the Public Opinion Foundation, 2005. Ch. V.
Doctorov B.Z.// Sociological journal. - 2007. - No. 4. - P. 171-184.
Doctorov B.Z.// Telescope: observations of the daily life of St. Petersburg residents. - 2004. - No. 4. - P. 2-13.

Write a review of the article "Grushin, Boris Andreevich"

Notes

An excerpt characterizing Grushin, Boris Andreevich

“You killed him,” Stella whispered sadly.
I froze, staring at my friend... This was not said by the “sunny” Stella, whom I knew well, who “without fail” felt sorry for everyone, and would never make anyone suffer!.. But, apparently, the pain of loss, like me, it gave her an unconscious feeling of anger “at everyone and everything,” and the baby was not yet able to control this within herself.
“Me?!..” the stranger exclaimed. – But this cannot be true! I've never killed anyone!..
We felt that he was telling the absolute truth, and we knew that we had no right to shift the blame of others onto him. Therefore, without even saying a word, we smiled together and immediately tried to quickly explain what really happened here.
Human for a long time was in a state of absolute shock... Apparently, everything he heard sounded wild to him, and certainly did not coincide with what he really was, and how he felt about such terrible evil, which does not fit into normal human framework...
- How can I make up for all this?!.. After all, I can’t? And how can we live with this?!.. - he grabbed his head... - How many have I killed, tell me!.. Can anyone say this? What about your friends? Why did they do this? Well, why?!!!..
– So that you can live as you should... As you wanted... And not as someone wanted... To kill the Evil that killed others. That’s probably why...” Stella said sadly.
- Forgive me, dear... Forgive me... If you can... - the man looked completely killed, and I was suddenly “pricked” by a very bad feeling...
- Well, no! – I exclaimed indignantly. - Now you must live! Do you want to nullify their entire sacrifice?! Don't even dare think! Now you will do good instead of them! It will be right. And “leaving” is the easiest thing. And now you no longer have such a right.
The stranger stared at me in amazement, apparently not expecting such a violent outburst of “righteous” indignation. And then he smiled sadly and said quietly:
- How you loved them!.. Who are you, girl?
My throat became very sore and for some time I could not squeeze out a word. It was very painful because of such a heavy loss, and, at the same time, I was sad for this “restless” person, for whom it would be oh, how difficult it would be to exist with such a burden...
- I am Svetlana. And this is Stella. We're just hanging out here. We visit friends or help someone when we can. True, there are no friends left now...
- Forgive me, Svetlana. Although it probably won’t change anything if I ask you for forgiveness every time... What happened happened, and I can’t change anything. But I can change what will happen, right? - the man glared at me with his eyes blue as the sky and, smiling, a sad smile, said: - And yet... You say I’m free in my choice?.. But it turns out - not so free, dear.. It looks more like atonement... Which I agree with, of course. But it is your choice that I am obliged to live for your friends. Because they gave their lives for me... But I didn’t ask for this, right?.. Therefore, it’s not my choice...
I looked at him, completely dumbfounded, and instead of “proud indignation” that was ready to immediately burst from my lips, I gradually began to understand what he was talking about... No matter how strange or offensive it may sound - but all this was the honest truth! Even if I didn't like it at all...
Yes, I was very painful for my friends, for the fact that I would never see them again... that I would no longer have our wonderful, “eternal” conversations with my friend Luminary, in his strange cave filled with light and warmth ... that the laughing Maria would no longer show us the funny places that Dean had found, and her laughter would not sound like a merry bell... And it was especially painful because this complete stranger to us would now live instead of them...
But, again, on the other hand, he did not ask us to interfere... He did not ask us to die for him. I didn't want to take someone's life. And now he will have to live with this heavy burden, trying to “pay” with his future actions the guilt that was not really his fault... Rather, it was the guilt of that terrible, unearthly creature who, having captured the essence of our stranger, killed “right and left.”
But it certainly wasn't his fault...
How could it be possible to decide who was right and who was wrong if the same truth was on both sides?.. And, without a doubt, to me, a confused ten-year-old girl, life seemed at that moment too complicated and too many-sided to be possible. somehow decide only between “yes” and “no”... Since in each of our actions there were too many different sides and opinions, and it seemed incredibly difficult to find the right answer that would be correct for everyone...
– Do you remember anything at all? Who were you? What's your name? How long have you been here? – in order to get away from a sensitive and unpleasant topic, I asked.
The stranger thought for a moment.
- My name was Arno. And I only remember how I lived there on Earth. And I remember how I “left”... I died, didn’t I? And after that I can’t remember anything else, although I really would like to...
- Yes, you “left”... Or died, if you prefer. But I'm not sure this is your world. I think you should live on the “floor” above. This is the world of “crippled” souls... Those who killed someone or seriously offended someone, or even simply deceived and lied a lot. This scary world, probably what people call Hell.
- Where are you from then? How could you get here? – Arno was surprised.
- It's a long story. But this is really not our place... Stella lives at the very top. Well, I’m still on Earth...
– How – on Earth?! – he asked, stunned. – Does this mean you’re still alive?.. How did you end up here? And even in such horror?
“Well, to be honest, I don’t like this place too much either...” I smiled and shivered. - But sometimes very good people. And we are trying to help them, just as we helped you...
- What should I do now? I don’t know anything here... And, as it turned out, I killed too. So this is exactly my place... And someone should take care of them,” Arno said, affectionately patting one of the kids on the curly head.

Biography

Doctoral dissertation “Problems in the methodology of public opinion research” ().

In 1967-8. and in 1982-9. - Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University. In 1988-90 - one of the organizers of the All-Union Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM). In 1989 he created the Vox Populi Public Opinion Research Service. Worked at , CEMI and other academic centers. He taught at universities in the USA.

Selected works

Grushin B. A. Essays on the Logic of Historical Research. - M., 1961.
Grushin B., Chikin V. In the name of human happiness. - M., 1960.
Grushin B., Chikin V. Face of a generation. - M.: 1961.
Grushin B., Chikin V. Confession of a generation. - M.: 1962.
Grushin B. Free time. Magnitude. Structure. Problems. Prospects. - M., 1966.
Grushin B. Free time. Current issues. - M., 1966.
Grushin B. A. Opinions about the world and the world of opinions. - M., 1967.
Mass information in a Soviet industrial city. Experience of comprehensive sociological research. / Ed. B. A. Grushina, L. A. Onikova. - M., 1980.
Grusin B. In pivo veritas: sentence, aforismy a další pozoruhodné texty z pražských restaurací, hostinců a pivnic. - Praha: Merkur, 1985.
Grushin B. A. Mass consciousness. - M., 1987.
Grushin B. A. The bitter taste of not being in demand// Russian sociology of the sixties / Ed. G. S. Batygina. - M., 1999 ()
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 1st “Era of Khrushchev”. M., 2001;
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 2nd “The Age of Brezhnev” Part 1. M., 2003.
Grushin B. A. Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls. Essays on the mass consciousness of Russians during the times of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Gorbachev and Yeltsin in 4 books. Life 2nd “The Age of Brezhnev” Part 2. M., 2006.

About Grushin

Tabatchnikova S. Le cercle de méthodologie de Moscow: 1954-1989. Une pensée, une pratique. Paris: Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales,
Doctorov B.Z. Founding Fathers. History of public opinion research. M.: Center for Social Forecasting, 2006. Ch. 10.
Doctorov B.Z. Pioneers of the world of opinions: from Gallup to Grushin. M.: Institute of the Public Opinion Foundation, 2005. Ch. V.
Doctorov B.Z.// Sociological journal. - 2007. - No. 4. - P. 171-184.
Doctorov B.Z.// Telescope: observations of the daily life of St. Petersburg residents. - 2004. - No. 4. - P. 2-13.

Write a review of the article "Grushin, Boris Andreevich"

Notes

An excerpt characterizing Grushin, Boris Andreevich

A vague instinct told Pierre that these reservations and repeated requests to tell the whole truth expressed Princess Marya’s ill will towards her future daughter-in-law, that she wanted Pierre not to approve of Prince Andrei’s choice; but Pierre said what he felt rather than thought.
“I don’t know how to answer your question,” he said, blushing, without knowing why. “I absolutely don’t know what kind of girl this is; I can't analyze it at all. She's charming. Why, I don’t know: that’s all that can be said about her. “Princess Marya sighed and the expression on her face said: “Yes, I expected and was afraid of this.”
– Is she smart? - asked Princess Marya. Pierre thought about it.
“I think not,” he said, “but yes.” She doesn't deserve to be smart... No, she's charming, and nothing more. – Princess Marya again shook her head disapprovingly.
- Oh, I so want to love her! You will tell her this if you see her before me.
“I heard that they will be there one of these days,” said Pierre.
Princess Marya told Pierre her plan about how, as soon as the Rostovs arrived, she would become close to her future daughter-in-law and try to accustom the old prince to her.

Boris did not succeed in marrying a rich bride in St. Petersburg and he came to Moscow for the same purpose. In Moscow, Boris was indecisive between the two richest brides - Julie and Princess Marya. Although Princess Marya, despite her ugliness, seemed more attractive to him than Julie, for some reason he felt awkward courting Bolkonskaya. On her last meeting with her, on the old prince’s name day, to all his attempts to talk to her about feelings, she answered him inappropriately and obviously did not listen to him.
Julie, on the contrary, although in a special way peculiar to her, willingly accepted his courtship.
Julie was 27 years old. After the death of her brothers, she became very rich. She was now completely ugly; but I thought that she was not only just as good, but even much more attractive than she was before. She was supported in this delusion by the fact that, firstly, she became a very rich bride, and secondly, that the older she became, the safer she was for men, the freer it was for men to treat her and, without taking on any obligations, take advantage of her dinners, evenings and the lively company that gathered at her place. A man who ten years ago would have been afraid to go every day to the house where there was a 17-year-old young lady, so as not to compromise her and tie himself down, now went to her boldly every day and treated her not as a young bride, but as a acquaintance who has no gender.
The Karagins' house was the most pleasant and hospitable house in Moscow that winter. In addition to parties and dinners, every day a large company gathered at the Karagins, especially men, who dined at 12 o'clock in the morning and stayed until 3 o'clock. There was no ball, party, or theater that Julie missed. Her toilets were always the most fashionable. But, despite this, Julie seemed disappointed in everything, telling everyone that she did not believe in friendship, nor in love, nor in any joys of life, and expected peace only there. She adopted the tone of a girl who had suffered great disappointment, a girl as if she had lost a loved one or had been cruelly deceived by him. Although nothing of the kind happened to her, they looked at her as if she were one, and she herself even believed that she had suffered a lot in life. This melancholy, which did not prevent her from having fun, did not prevent the young people who visited her from having a pleasant time. Each guest, coming to them, paid his debt to the melancholic mood of the hostess and then engaged in small talk, and dancing, and mental games, and burime tournaments, which were in fashion with the Karagins. Only some young people, including Boris, delved deeper into Julie’s melancholic mood, and with these young people she had longer and more private conversations about the vanity of everything worldly, and to them she opened her albums covered with sad images, sayings and poems.
Julie was especially kind to Boris: she regretted his early disappointment in life, offered him those consolations of friendship that she could offer, having suffered so much in life, and opened her album to him. Boris drew two trees in her album and wrote: Arbres rustiques, vos sombres rameaux secouent sur moi les tenebres et la melancolie. [Rural trees, your dark branches shake off darkness and melancholy on me.]
Elsewhere he drew a picture of a tomb and wrote:
"La mort est secourable et la mort est tranquille
“Ah! contre les douleurs il n"y a pas d"autre asile".
[Death is salutary and death is calm;
ABOUT! against suffering there is no other refuge.]
Julie said it was lovely.
“II y a quelque chose de si ravissant dans le sourire de la melancolie, [There is something infinitely charming in the smile of melancholy," she said to Boris word for word, copying this passage from the book.
– C "est un rayon de lumiere dans l" ombre, une nuance entre la douleur et le desespoir, qui montre la consolation possible. [This is a ray of light in the shadows, a shade between sadness and despair, which indicates the possibility of consolation.] - To this Boris wrote her poetry:
"Aliment de poison d"une ame trop sensible,
"Toi, sans qui le bonheur me serait impossible,
"Tendre melancolie, ah, viens me consoler,
“Viens calmer les tourments de ma sombre retraite
"Et mele une douceur secrete
"A ces pleurs, que je sens couler."
[Poisonous food for an overly sensitive soul,
You, without whom happiness would be impossible for me,
Tender melancholy, oh, come and comfort me,
Come, soothe the torment of my dark solitude
And add secret sweetness
To these tears that I feel flowing.]
Julie played Boris the saddest nocturnes on the harp. Boris read Poor Liza aloud to her and more than once interrupted his reading from the excitement that took his breath away. Meeting at big society, Julie and Boris looked at each other as the only indifferent people in the world who understood each other.
Anna Mikhailovna, who often went to the Karagins, making up her mother’s party, meanwhile made correct inquiries about what was given for Julie (both Penza estates and Nizhny Novgorod forests were given). Anna Mikhailovna, with devotion to the will of Providence and tenderness, looked at the refined sadness that connected her son with the rich Julie.
“Toujours charmante et melancolique, cette chere Julieie,” she said to her daughter. - Boris says that he rests his soul in your house. “He has suffered so many disappointments and is so sensitive,” she told her mother.

Boris Andreevich Grushin (August 2, 1929, Moscow - September 18, 2007, ibid.) - Soviet and Russian philosopher, sociologist, methodologist of historical and sociological research. Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education (1993, Department of Education and Culture). Chief researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

One of the founders of the Moscow Logical Circle (since 1952; the Circle also included A. A. Zinoviev, M. K. Mamardashvili and G. P. Shchedrovitsky; later - the Moscow Methodological Circle (MMK)).

Doctoral dissertation “Problems in the methodology of public opinion research.”

Founded the “Institute of Public Opinion” (1960-1967) at the newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda” (Moscow). In 1962-1965 and in 1977-1981 - employee of the magazine “Problems of Peace and Socialism” (Prague, Czechoslovakia).

In 1967-68 and 1982-89 - Faculty of Journalism at Moscow State University. In 1988-90 - one of the organizers of the All-Union Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM). In 1989 he created the Vox Populi public opinion research service. Worked at the Institute of Sociological Research, CEMI and other academic centers. He taught at universities in the USA.

In 1993 he was a member of the Presidential Council. Laureate of the Union of Journalists of Russia Prize “For Journalistic Excellence” 2003 (for the book “Four Lives of Russia”).

Among his students and followers are J. Kapelyush, V. Sazonov, T. Dridze, A. Zhavoronkov, A. Vostil, V. Korobeinikov, E. Andryushchenko, V. Tokarovsky, E. Avraamova, L. Byzov and many others.

Books (4)

Mass consciousness

IN recent years The concept of “mass consciousness” has become widely used in newspaper and magazine journalism, the works of specialists in the field of cultural theory, mass information and propaganda.

However, in our literature there was no special work devoted to the analysis of mass consciousness as a special type of social consciousness, its nature, main characteristics, conditions of emergence and functioning, its relationship with the processes occurring in society in the spheres of economics, politics, culture, ideology. Doctor of Philosophy, Professor B.A. Grushin seeks to solve this problem in his book.

Opinion about the world and the world of opinions

The book brought to the attention of readers is dedicated to one of the complex and little-studied phenomena in the life of society - the nature of public opinion and the methodology for its study.

The author, head of the sector of the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences, head of the Institute of Public Opinion of Komsomolskaya Pravda, summarizes his experience of concrete sociological research conducted over a number of years.

The book contains rich factual material and successfully combines deep theoretical analysis with an accessible form of presentation. It will be useful to anyone interested in sociological issues.

Four lives of Russia in the mirror of public opinion polls

In 4 books. Second life. The era of Brezhnev. Part 1

This book is the second in a series of publications in which the author attempts to reconstruct (including in dynamics) some significant properties of the mentality of the Russian people, shedding light on the sacramental questions of our time: who are we? where are we from? and where are we going? The general empirical basis of the “Quarterbook” is the results of more than 250 sociological studies conducted in the country over the last 40 years of the last century.

(b. 08/13/1929) - special. in the region methodol. social cognition, social Philosopher and sociol. consciousness; Doctor of Philosophy sciences, prof. Graduated from Philosophy. Faculty of Moscow State University (1952), Ph.D. there (1955). Since 1956 he worked in gas. "Koms. Pravda", where in 1960 he founded the first Institute of Societies in the history of the country. opinions, the Crimea led until its closure in 1967. In 1962-1966 and 1977-1981 - consultant on problems of sociology, science and culture. “Problems of peace and socialism” (Prague, Czechoslovakia); in 1966-1974 - member of the Isl. Committee on Leisure Issues and popular culture World Sociol. associations; in 1968-1974 - member of the editors. coll. and. "VF", in 1966-1988 - head. sectors, departments, laboratories at the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences, ISI of the USSR Academy of Sciences, VNIISI GKNT and the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1969-1972 - director of the Center for the Study of Societies. opinions of ISI, in 1988-1990 - one of the creators and first deputy. Director Vses. center for the study of societies. opinions; since 1989 - head. independent service for the study of societies. opinions of "Vox Populi". Cand. diss. - “Techniques and ways of reproducing historical development processes in thinking” (1957). Dr. diss. - "Problems in the methodology of public opinion research" (1967). In 1967-1970 and 1982-1989 - prof. Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University. In 1993-1996 - member of the Council for External Affairs. policy of the Russian Foreign Ministry. Corresponding member Ross. acad. education.

Ch. research items G. - methodology of history. research; Philosopher and sociol. mass consciousness; development of methods for multidimensional (morphological-structuralist-functionalist) analysis of texts of mass consciousness.

For the first time in the Soviet Union. Philosopher and sociol.

G. began research. masses as a special type of people. community and its consciousness as a special type of society. consciousness.

Basic characteristics of the masses as a special type of social. subject, highlighted by G.: 1) the statistical nature of the community, which is expressed in the fact that it coincides with a multitude of discrete “units”, without representing any independent, holistic formation, different from its constituent elements; 2) the stochastic (probabilistic) nature of the community, which is expressed in the fact that the “entry” of individuals into it is disordered, random, as a result of which such a community is always distinguished by “blurred” open borders, indefinite quantitative and qualitative composition; 3) the situational nature of the existence of a community, which is expressed in the fact that it is formed and functions exclusively on the basis and within the boundaries of one or another specific activity, as a result of which it always turns out to be an unstable formation, changing from one specific situation to another; 4) pronounced heterogeneity in the composition of the community, which is expressed in the fact that in this community the boundaries between all social, demographic, political, regional and other groups existing in the community are being destroyed.

In the last vr. deals with the analysis of processes occurring in Russia in terms of “socioquake” - a change of civilizations.

Works: Essays on the logic of historical research.

M., 1961; Free time. Current problems.

M., 1967; Opinions about the world and the world of opinions.

M., 1967; Logical principles of research of mass consciousness // VF. 1970. No. 7, 8; Mass consciousness.

Experience of definition and research problems. M., 1987; Opportunities and prospects for freedom // VF. 1988. No. 5; General and special in models of world development // Socis. 1990. No. 12; Change of civilizations? // Free thought. 1991. No. 18.