Uncle phonetic analysis. "Five" phonetic analysis

A phonetic analysis of the word “five” will give a clear idea of ​​both the nature of each component and the possible difficulties that arise in writing. It is necessary to carry out a sound-letter analysis of this word.

Phonetic analysis

It is required to determine the number of sounds and letters in the lexeme:

1. The subject of the study consists of one syllable: five.
2. The numeral has four letters, and the number of sounds is one less.
3. The subject of the study has a single syllable - stressed: five.
4. It is impossible to transfer the parsed numeral.

Transcription of the word

A competent transcription looks like: [p’at’]. The discrepancy between the transcription and the written form is obvious.

Sound-letter analysis

The previously established information about how many sounds and letters in the word “five” showed the placement of stress. Now it becomes necessary to analyze the components:

• p – [p’] - is classified as a consonant; is deaf, having a pair; has a soft stance;
• i – [a] - refers to vowels; has an accent;
• t – [t’] - is classified as a consonant; is deaf, having a pair; has a soft stance;
• b - has no sound.

Despite the fact that transcription differs from the written form of the numeral being parsed, there are no difficulties in writing it.

To perform this analysis of a word as a sounding unit of language, a transcription is written - a record of the sound composition of the word. An exact recording is made of how the word sounds.

Often the spelling of a word and its sound do not match. A word can have the same number of sounds, more sounds than letters, and more letters than sounds.

Sound-letter analysis is an analysis of the sound composition of a word and its letter representation in writing.

First, let's figure out what sounds are.

All sounds are divided into vowels and consonants.

Letters that represent vowel sounds are considered vowels,

Letters representing consonants - consonants.

Consonants

Consonants- these are sounds, during the pronunciation of which a stream of air passing through the oral cavity encounters various obstacles.

Let us list the consonant sounds and the corresponding consonant letters.

B C D D F G H J K L M N P R S T F X C Ch Sh Sh

Many consonant sounds form pairs and are called paired.

There are couples voiced – voiceless:

There are hard and soft pairs:

Vowel sounds

Vowel sounds- these are sounds, during the pronunciation of which the stream of air passing through the oral cavity does not encounter obstacles; they can be sung.

There are six vowel sounds corresponding to six vowel letters:

A O U Y E I

In syllables, the sounds A, O, U, Y, E provide firm pronunciation of the consonant letters in front: M A, M O, M U, M Y, M E.

The sound I provides a soft pronunciation - M I.

The remaining vowels have two sounds:

E [ye] Yo [yo] Yu [yu] I [ya]

In syllables, these sounds provide soft pronunciation: D E, D Yo, D Yu, D Ya.

Vowel sounds are divided into drums And unstressed.

The sound that is stressed in a word is called percussion, if there is no stress on a sound, then it is called unstressed.

!!! We remember: the number of vowels in a word, the number of syllables.

How to make a sound-letter analysis of a word.

The child must write the word and put the accent mark.

The number of vowels and consonants in a word is indicated.

All letters of the word are written in a column. The sound is indicated next to each letter in square brackets. If a letter represents two sounds, both sounds are written down. If a letter does not make a sound (ъ or ь sign), nothing is written next to it.

Then, for vowel sounds, “vowel” is written and whether it is stressed or unstressed is determined.

For consonant sounds, “consonant” is written, then hard or soft, paired or unpaired in softness, voiced or voiceless, paired or unpaired in voicing is determined.

Determines how many syllables there are in a word.

Phonetic analysis is a fairly simple and quick process. Despite the ease, thanks to this analysis, the student manages to understand the difference between sound and letter units, and find the differences between spelling and pronunciation. Correctly done phonetic characteristics help the student remember the pronunciation of certain difficult words, as well as learn the basic rules of Russian phonetics and orthoepy.

Phonetic transcription

For the word grandfather, the phonetic transcription will look like this: [d’et]. The emphasis will be on the sound unit [e], since this word consists of one syllable.

Characteristics

Phonetic analysis of a word is its division into separate sound units and their characteristics. It is important to describe the sound composition of the word, and not the letter one (letter units do not have such characteristics as sonority, hardness, and the like).

d - [d’] - consonant; soft, steamy; voiced, paired;

e - [e] - vowel, stressed;

d - [t] - consonant, hard, paired; deaf, paired.

Vowels

The letter e can represent:

• [e] in a strong position, i.e. when the emphasis falls on “e”;
• [й'е] after a vowel, soft or hard separator, and also if the letter “e” is the first in the word
• [ie] (read as [i] with an overtone [e]) in a weak position, i.e. when the stress does not fall on “e”.

In the presented word, the sound is in a strong position in the middle of the word, none of the conditions for pronunciation [y’e] are met, which means the letter “e” will be designated as [e].

Consonants

An important difference between consonants is that they have characteristics such as:

• voicedness/voicelessness,
• hardness/softness.

You can indicate whether the sound is paired, i.e. whether it has a pair of sonority/dullness or softness/hardness. This must be indicated after each characteristic or not indicated at all.

Parsing examples

The correct sound-letter analysis of the word “grandfather” will look like this:

Oral analysis

The word grandfather consists of one syllable, which is stressed. The stressed sound is [e]. The word consists of 3 letters that represent 3 sounds: 2 consonants and 1 vowel. Hyphenation of this word is impossible, since it consists of only 1 syllable.

We talked about correct copying from a textbook, preparing for dictation and writing from memory. Let's talk today about how to make a sound-letter analysis of a word.

So, first, let's remember what sounds are.

Sounds there are vowels And consonants .

Let's call the letters that represent vowel sounds vowels, letters denoting consonants - consonants .

What is it and what are they like?

- these are sounds, during the pronunciation of which a stream of air passing through the oral cavity encounters various obstacles. Consonant sounds are dull and voiced, hard and soft.

Many consonant sounds form pairs and are called paired. There are voiced and unvoiced pairs:

and hard - soft:

What's happened

Vowel sounds - these are sounds, during the pronunciation of which the stream of air passing through the oral cavity does not encounter obstacles; they can be sung.

There are six vowel sounds corresponding to six vowel letters:

In consonant vowel syllables, these sounds, except for the sound AND, ensure firm pronunciation of the consonant letters in front: D A, D O, D U, D E, D S. Sound AND ensures soft pronunciation – D I.

The remaining vowels have two sounds:

In consonant vowel syllables, these sounds provide soft pronunciation: D E, D Y, D Y, D Y.

Vowel sounds are divided into stressed and unstressed. The sound that is stressed in a word is called stressed; if the sound is not stressed, it is called unstressed.

Remember: the number of vowels in a word, the number of syllables.

How to make a sound-letter (phonetic) analysis of a word.

Have your child write the word and add the accent mark. Then you need to determine how many syllables there are in the word. Next, it is determined how many sounds and how many letters there are in the word. Then the child determines how many letters are vowels and how many are consonants. And finally, what sound do the consonants represent?

Sample entry:

[l`d`i n k a]

2 – vowels, 4 – consonants;

l – [l`] – consonant, soft, voiced, unpaired;

d – [d`] – consonant, soft, voiced, paired;

And– [and] – vowel, stressed

n – [n] – consonant, hard, voiced, unpaired;

To – [k] – consonant, hard, voiceless, paired;

A – [a] – vowel, unstressed.

________________________________________________

6 sounds, 7 letters, 2 syllables: ice floe

We will talk about what a syllable is, stress and how to correctly transfer words.

In a word uncle:
1. 2 syllables (dya-dya);
2. the stress falls on the 1st syllable: uncle

• 1st option

1 ) Transcription of the word “uncle”: [d❜a d❜ъ].

4 letters, 4 sound

Settings

PRONUNCIATION RULES 1

§ 16

§ 16. Letter I denotes the stressed vowel [a] after a soft consonant (except for [h] and [sch]; a is written after the letters ch and u; see § 15): crumple, fifth, sit, pull, you.

Thus, the words slippers and tyaches (pronounced [tá pki] and [t❜ á pki]) contain the same vowel with a preceding hard or soft consonant.

§ 53

§ 53. In place of the letter I(and letters A after [h] and [sch]) in unstressed endings the vowel [ъ] is pronounced: cf. drop, melon (pronounced [ka pl❜ ъ], [by ́ n❜ ъ]); seas, fields, o kunya, crying - genus. p.un. h. (pronounced [mor ❜ ъ], [po ́ l❜ ъ], [о́ kun❜ ъ], [crying]); feathers, chairs, bitches - to them. p, pl. h. (pronounced [pé r❜ yъ], [stuĺ l❜ yъ], [sú chyj]), drip, drip, drip (pronounced [ká pl❜ ъм], [ká pl❜ ъмі], [ка́ pl❜ ъх]); groves, groves, groves (pronounced [groves], [groves], [groves]); and name, time, flame, stirrup (pronounced [i м❜ ъ], [time ❜ ъ], [flame м❜ ъ], [stimulus ❜ ъ]); seeing, knowing, crying (pronounced [ví d❜ ъ], [know йъ], [crying]); I'm evil, I'm friend (pronounced [evil y'], [druga y']); old, good (pronounced [sta rayj], [do brj]); lamb, whose bird, enemy (pronounced [ba ran❜ yъ], [bird chy], [enemy]); today (pronounced [sivo d❜ n❜ ъ]).

§ 66

§ 66. The following consonants are both hard and soft: [l] and [b], [f] and [v], [t] and [d], [s] and [z], [m], [ p], [l], [n]. For each of these consonants in Russian graphics there is a corresponding letter. The softness of these consonants at the end of a word is indicated by the letter b. Wed. top and top (pronounced [top❜ ]), econom and econom (pronounced [ekanó m❜ ]), blow and blow (pronounced [ud❜ ]), was and reality (pronounced [was❜ ]). The softness of these consonants before the consonants is also indicated: corner and coal (pronounced [ugal❜ ka]), banku and banku (pronounced [bá n❜ ku]), rarely and radish (pronounced [ré t❜ kъ]) .

The softness of these consonants before vowels is indicated by the letters of the following vowels: letter I(unlike A) denotes the vowel [a] after a soft consonant; Wed small and crumpled (pronounced [m❜ al]); letter e(unlike O) denotes the vowel [o] after a soft consonant; Wed mole and chalk (pronounced [m❜ ol]); letter yu(unlike at) denotes the vowel [y] after a soft consonant; Wed tuk and bale (pronounced [t❜ uk]). The distribution of letters is approximately the same And And s: the letter and is used after soft consonants and at the beginning of a word, and the letter s after hard consonants that have a soft pair; Wed play, hut, clean, sew, drank and ardor, sweet and washed, pitched and howled, thread and whine, wear and noses.

Examples for distinguishing between hard and soft consonants: top and top (pronounced [top❜ ]), bódro and hips (pronounced [b❜ о́ drъ]), graph and graph (pronounced [graph❜ а́ ]), val and vyal (pronounced [v❜ al]), raft and flesh (pronounced [raft❜ ]), shame and shame (pronounced [shame❜ á ]), os and axis (pronounced [os❜ ]); thunderstorm and thunderstorm (pronounced [graz❜ á ]), ox and led (pronounced [v❜ ol]), coffin and row (pronounced [gr❜ op]), steel and steel (pronounced [stall❜ ]), nose and carried (pronounced [n❜ os]), onion and hatch (pronounced [l❜ uk]), goŕ and gorʹko (pronounced [goŕ r❜ kъ]).

1 Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language: Pronunciation, stress, grammatical forms / S.N. Borunova, V.L. Vorontsova, N.A. Eskova; Ed. R.I. Avanesova. - 4th ed., erased. - M.: Rus. lang., 1988. - 704 pp.