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What is ureaplasma spp quality. Ureaplasma spp

Ureaplasma spp. – a normal inhabitant of the human body, inhabiting the mucous membranes of the genitourinary organs and causing inflammation of the urogenital tract when immunity is reduced. When the number of microorganisms in the discharge of the genitals and urethra exceeds a certain threshold, the disease begins to manifest itself clinically: women develop symptoms of vulvovaginitis, and men - or. After identifying microbes, typing is carried out, during which the type of ureaplasma and their quantity in the body are determined.

Ureaplasmosis is a time bomb. This is an infectious disease transmitted primarily through sexual contact. Ureaplasmosis can be asymptomatic or manifest itself with pronounced clinical signs with each exacerbation. This is a rather unpleasant pathology that leads to sexual dysfunction and infertility. Ureaplasma spp is considered a pathogenic and sexually transmitted microbe harmful to the body.

In the absence of timely and adequate treatment, ureaplasmosis leads to the development of severe consequences: cystitis, arthritis, adhesions, infertility. The rate of development of these pathologies and complications has been growing rapidly in recent years. Ureaplasma spices often prevents married couples from becoming parents.

Ureaplasma species

Ureaplasma spp is a gram-negative specific coccobacilli from the mycoplasma family, which is a transitional substance from a virus to a bacterium and does not have a cell membrane. Ureaplasma got its name due to its ability to hydrolyze urea.

The favorite habitat of ureaplasma species is the genitourinary area. In more rare cases, the microbe settles in the lung or kidney tissue. Ureaplasma spp is the general name for opportunistic microbes that have similar morphological and biochemical properties: ureaplasma urealiticum and ureaplasma parvum. The term “species” is used when PCR analysis reveals DNA structures characteristic of ureaplasma, without further research and determination of the type of ureaplasma.

Ureaplasma species can persist for quite a long time on the mucous membrane of the genital organs and not manifest itself in any way. Often carriers of the infection find out about it completely by accident during a medical examination. People live quietly with ureaplasma spp all their lives, unaware of their presence.

Under the influence of unfavorable factors, the natural balance of microorganisms in the body is disrupted, ureaplasma begins to multiply intensively and exhibit its pathogenic properties, causing various ailments.

Factors contributing to infection with ureaplasma species:

Changes in intestinal microflora,
Decrease in leukocytes in the blood,
Deterioration of skin condition,
Immunodeficiencies,
Chronic diseases of the genitourinary organs,
Abuse of local antiseptics,
Acid-base imbalance in a woman's vagina,
Bacterial,
STI,
Taking antibiotics and hormones,
Injuries of the genitourinary organs,
Frequent stress
Hypothermia,
Pregnancy, childbirth.

Ureaplasma spp is dangerous because it passes through micropores and is resistant to a number of antimicrobial drugs. The bacterium invades the genome of germ cells and disrupts their functions.

Epidemiology

The source and reservoir of infection are sick women and persistent carriers of ureaplasma. Men are considered temporary carriers of the infection, capable of infecting women during intimacy.

Infection with ureaplasma spp. happens in several ways:

Sexual - with oral-genital, vaginal and anal contact,
Vertical - from a sick mother to the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth,
Hematogenous - through an infected placenta and umbilical cord vessels,
Transplantation - during organ transplantation,
Hemotransfusion - with blood transfusion,
Contact and household - in extremely rare cases.

The sexual route of infection is the most common. Infection usually occurs during unprotected sexual intercourse. Since ureaplasmas are very small microorganisms, they can freely penetrate even through the pores of a condom. In persons with strong immunity, pathology develops extremely rarely.

Ureaplasma spp is most often found in women who have several sexual partners, who are preparing to become mothers, who are undergoing hormone therapy, and in socially disadvantaged individuals.

Symptoms

In healthy people, ureaplasma spp does not manifest itself in any way. At the slightest malfunction in the body, the immune defense decreases, and clinical signs of ureaplasmosis appear.

In men, ureaplasmosis usually occurs as urethritis, cystitis, or pyelonephritis. Ureaplasma species nest in women in the vagina and uterine cavity. It causes cervical neoplasia, cervical insufficiency, urethral syndrome and urinary incontinence. Pre- and postmenstrual periods are the most appropriate time for the appearance of clinical signs of the disease. The younger the woman, the more pronounced the symptoms of ureaplasmosis.

Clinical signs of diseases caused by ureaplasma species:

Women experience light vaginal discharge without color or odor, sometimes mixed with blood; pain in the lower abdomen, intensifying during sexual intercourse and immediately after it; itching and burning in the perineum; feeling of fullness of the bladder and other dysuric symptoms. Their libido decreases and pregnancy does not occur for a long time. On examination, the mucous membrane of the cervix is hyperemic and edematous.
Men complain of cloudy, odorless discharge from the urethra that occurs in the morning; itching and burning in the perineum; lower abdominal pain; discomfort when urinating; pain when touching the scrotum and head of the penis; decreased libido. A man with ureaplasma experiences erectile dysfunction, the consistency of semen changes, sperm motility deteriorates, and their destruction occurs. Spermatogenic cells are deformed, sperm fluidity deteriorates.

These are symptoms of an acute form of pathology. In the absence of timely and adequate therapy, they gradually subside, the disease passes first into a subacute and then into a chronic form. Patients are left with only a slight burning sensation and discomfort in the urethra and genitals. Patients often do not notice “mild” symptoms and develop an infection. If the disease is not treated, adhesions may appear in the pelvic organs, narrowing the lumen of the fallopian tubes and clogging the seminal duct. Often the disease spreads up the genitourinary tract.

Infected pregnant women often do not carry the child to term, experience premature labor and are at increased risk of developing postpartum endometritis. If intrauterine infection of the fetus occurs, the newborn may develop pneumonia, malnutrition, and neuropathy.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of ureaplasma infection in men begins with an external examination of the genital organs, palpation of the scrotum, and rectal examination of the prostate. Then, urine and seminal fluid are taken from the patient’s urethra and a microscopic examination is performed. Ultrasound of the prostate and scrotum can confirm or refute the suspected diagnosis. In women, the vagina and cervix are examined, the ovaries are palpated, and a full gynecological examination is performed. Microscopy of smears from the urethra, vagina and cervix, as well as ultrasound of the pelvic organs are additional diagnostic methods.

Laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by ureaplasma species:

Treatment

During treatment of ureaplasma infection, patients are advised to abstain from sexual activity, adhere to a certain diet, and not drink alcohol. Two weeks after the therapeutic course, the cure is monitored.

A course of treatment lasts on average two months. An indicator of cure is a negative PCR diagnostic result, indicating the complete destruction of microbes in the test sample. With more severe damage to the body, treatment can be extended up to six months. A control test for the presence of ureaplasma spp is carried out 2 weeks and a month after the end of treatment.

Ureaplasma species is a causative agent of urogenital infection, resistant to a wide range of antibiotics and does not induce stable immunity after treatment, which is associated with frequent relapses of the disease.

Prevention

Preventive measures to prevent the development of ureaplasmosis:

Using condoms
Treating the genitals with antiseptics after sex,
Genital hygiene,
Periodic screening for STIs,
Regular visits to the gynecologist and urologist,
Treatment of chronic genitourinary diseases,
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle,
Strengthening the immune system.

Ureaplasma species is present in the body of almost every person and easily gets along with other bacteria without causing harm. But this does not mean that you can ignore such “roommates”. The slightest excess of the permissible amount of these microbes often leads to the development of an individual reaction on the part of the body and becomes the cause of various diseases.

Ureaplasma spices causes pathology in both sexual partners. Each of them should visit a doctor and undergo a diagnostic examination, based on the results of which intensive therapy will be prescribed.

Video: doctor about ureaplasma infection

Video: expert opinion about ureaplasma infection

What is Ureaplasma spp? Ureaplasma spp is an infectious disease caused by the microbe ureaplasma species. This microorganism has signs of a virus, mycoplasma and bacteria.

This is a pathogen that is present in small quantities in the body of a completely healthy person. During a period of decreased immunity, this microbe, which is located in the genitourinary system, begins to multiply and destroy organ cells. In extremely rare cases, ureaplasma species can be found in the lungs and kidneys.

The name “species” combines the microorganisms ureaplasma parvum and ureaplasma urealyticum. These organisms live on the mucous membrane of the human reproductive system and urinary canals, provoking the infectious disease ureaplasmosis if the immune system is not healthy.

Ureaplasma spp is a specific bacillus, which is a substance that passes from a virus to a bacterium, and Ureaplasma spp does not have a cell membrane.

Factors under which the microorganism ureaplasma spp begins to multiply, causing destruction to the human body:

disturbances in the intestinal microflora;
decreased protective properties of the immune system;
decreased level of leukocytes in the blood;
chronic diseases of the urinary system and genital organs;
frequent use of antiseptics in the genital area;
imbalance of the vaginal mucosa;
antibiotic treatment;
taking hormonal medications;
trauma to the urinary canal and reproductive system;
regular stressful situations;
hypothermia of the body;
the period of pregnancy and the moment of childbirth.

Ureaplasma spp invades the cells of the genital organs and destroys them.

The disease caused by ureaplasma spp is ureaplasmosis. Infections are caused by inflammation of the genitourinary system.

Symptoms in which you can determine the presence of ureaplasma spp infection in the body:

burning at the time of urination;
redness and swelling of the urethra;
the appearance of purulent or bloody particles in the urine;
discharge from the urethra of a mucous consistency, with an unpleasant putrefactive odor;
nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
discomfort during sexual intercourse;
failure of the menstrual cycle;
bloody discharge after sexual intercourse and between periods.

These signs are a manifestation of an acute form of ureaplasma disease. Due to the fact that this disease occurs in a silent form, many are simply unaware of its existence, and some symptoms that appear soon disappear.

If ureaplasmosis is insufficiently treated or not treated, this disease enters the chronic stage of development.

In the strong half of humanity, the presence of the microbe ureaplasma spp in the body is manifested by symptoms of the disease ureaplasmosis. Signs of the disease in the form of inflammation of the prostate, affecting the bladder, urethra, and testicular pathology. The appearance of discharge from the canals of the genitourinary system, nagging pain in the scrotum. With this disease, potency and libido are significantly reduced. Ureaplasmosis can often cause male infertility.

The infection has the ability to attach to sperm and thereby make them immobile or inactive. This means that they do not fertilize the egg.

If a man has ureaplasma disease, conception is impossible. Erection is impaired and premature ejaculation occurs. An increase in temperature appears.

Men need to come to an appointment with a urologist, who will prescribe how to cure ureaplasma.

Every woman needs to know what ureaplasmosis is and how ureaplasma spp manifests itself. Symptoms of ureaplasmosis in the female body:

vaginal discharge. The norm is clear discharge, if yellow discharge and a putrid odor appear, then this is the first signal that there is an inflammatory process in the body and there is an infection with ureaplasma spp;
pain in the lower abdomen is a signal that an infection has entered the uterus, and an inflammatory and destructive process has begun in it;
frequent urination and constant urge to urinate. The process of urination occurs with painful symptoms, most often, this is a burning sensation inside the entire canal and bloody or putrefactive threads appear in the urine;
unpleasant sensations and discomfort in the vagina during sexual intercourse and pain after it, bloody discharge;
erratic and painful menstrual cycle, bleeding during menstruation.

In women, the uterus, appendages and vagina are affected by these microbes.

This infection in the female body leads to infertility if the diagnosis is not made and comprehensive treatment of the disease is not carried out. The infection spreads from the urethra to the uterus if a woman has low immunity. The first symptoms of infection in the uterus are menstrual irregularities, bleeding between menstrual cycles, and purulent vaginal discharge.

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes leads to ectopic pregnancy and infertility.

If you feel signs of ureaplasmosis in your body, then you definitely need to be examined by a gynecologist and venereologist.

Ureaplasma spp infection during pregnancy does not have any effect on the fetus, does not cause defects in the developing organism in the womb, and does not infect the child. Until the moment of conception, many have no idea about the presence of Ureaplasma spp in the genitourinary system. The reason for this is the asymptomatic development of the disease.

If this infection is present in the body of a woman who is carrying a child, then in this case there may be complications during pregnancy, such as miscarriages and premature birth. Examination for ureaplasmosis is a mandatory examination before pregnancy and during the period of bearing a child.

If, during an examination during pregnancy, a diagnosis of ureaplasmosis is made, then treatment begins at 22 weeks of pregnancy. Treatment earlier may cause more harm to the developing fetus than the infection itself.

If a woman gives birth to a child naturally, then when the child passes through the birth canal, he becomes infected with a disease that is in the mother’s body. As a consequence of infection with this disease, the child may develop urethritis and pneumonia, which is provoked by ureaplasma.

For pregnant women, the only medicine is the antibacterial drug Josamycin - 500 mg 3 times a day for 10 days.

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to diagnose and be tested for Ureaplasma spp infection. External examination of the patient cannot guarantee the diagnosis. To identify what stage the inflammatory process is at, which could activate the proliferation of ureaplasma spp, it is necessary to conduct an examination and a number of laboratory tests:

serological studies;
microbiological tests;
genetic probe research;
analysis for the content of immunoenzymes;
PCR - diagnostic test,

Microscopic examination allows us to identify the inflammatory process in the reproductive system and determine the condition of the reproductive organs of the female body.

Also, for an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo a bacterial culture. This analysis provides a complete picture of the presence of pathogenic microflora and its number in the body, as well as the reaction of these bacteria to antibiotics.

The substance for this analysis is a scraping from the genitourinary canal in men and a smear of discharge from the urethra.

To carry out bacterial culture, the following is taken from the woman:

serum;
urine;
blood;
scraping from the urethra;
vaginal discharge.

Culture for Ureaplasma spp is carried out both to establish the correct diagnosis and to check whether the disease is curable after a two-week course of therapy.

Ureaplasmosis is a disease that is caused by pathogenic microorganisms, ureaplasma spp, which means that it is not safe for the comfort of the body and must be treated.

Treatment of ureaplasma spp in women and men must begin with correcting the immune system first. Without a healthy immune system, infectious diseases cannot be cured. In parallel with raising immunity, they also include a medicinal effect on the causative agent of the disease, ureaplasma spp. How to treat ureaplasma parvum and how to treat it is prescribed by a venereologist. Also, to treat the disease, consultation with a urologist (for sick men) and a gynecologist for women with ureaplasmosis is necessary.

The most effective medications for treatment:

drugs based on tetracycline;
macrolides and lincosamides;
drugs with immunomodulatory properties;
hepatoprotectors, multivitamins and probiotics.

If necessary, the patient is prescribed extracts of medicinal herbs that increase immunity: echinacea, eleutherococcus, aralia.

Ureaplasmosis of the female and male body must be treated with drugs that have antibacterial properties. Tablets for ureaplasma spp are prescribed in courses. Treatment regimen:

Doxycycline - course 10 days, 100 mg 2 times a day after eating;
Josamycin - course 10 days, 500 mg 3 times a day after meals;
Erythromycin - 0.5 mg taken 4 times a day after eating.
Azithromycin - a 4-day course, on the first day you need to take 500 mg, and then 250 mg 1 time per day after eating.

Also used in treatment are the following drugs: Ofloxacin, Clarithromycin, Midecamycin.

For women who are pregnant, only Josamycin can be taken.

Women who have ureaplasma spp in the genital area are prescribed douching and vaginal antiseptic tampons along with medicinal drugs.

Symptoms and treatment of ureaplasma disease are the same for both sexes. When ureaplasmosis is diagnosed, both sexual partners are treated.

The treatment regimen and selection of medications are prescribed only by the attending physician based on the diagnostic results.

During treatment for Ureaplasma SPP, sexual intercourse, smoking and drinking alcohol are prohibited, and you must also exclude spicy foods from your diet.

It is very important to maintain hygiene when treating this disease.

Based on materials from wmedik.ru

Ureaplasma spp. – a normal inhabitant of the human body, inhabiting the mucous membranes of the genitourinary organs and causing inflammation of the urogenital tract when immunity is reduced. When the number of microorganisms in the discharge of the genitals and urethra exceeds a certain threshold, the disease begins to manifest itself clinically: women develop symptoms of vulvovaginitis, and men - urethritis or prostatitis. After identifying microbes, typing is carried out, during which the type of ureaplasma and their quantity in the body are determined.

In the absence of timely and adequate treatment, ureaplasmosis leads to the development of severe consequences: cystitis, arthritis, adhesions, infertility. The rate of development of these pathologies and complications has been growing rapidly in recent years. Ureaplasma spices often prevents married couples from becoming parents.

Under the influence of unfavorable factors, the natural balance of microorganisms in the body is disrupted, ureaplasma begins to multiply intensively and exhibit its pathogenic properties, causing various ailments.

Factors contributing to infection with ureaplasma species:

Changes in intestinal microflora,
Decrease in leukocytes in the blood,
Deterioration of skin condition,
Immunodeficiencies,
Chronic diseases of the genitourinary organs,
Abuse of local antiseptics,
Acid-base imbalance in a woman's vagina,
Bacterial vaginosis,
STI,
Taking antibiotics and hormones,
Injuries of the genitourinary organs,
Frequent stress
Hypothermia,
Pregnancy, childbirth.

Ureaplasma spp is dangerous because it passes through micropores and is resistant to a number of antimicrobial drugs. The bacterium invades the genome of germ cells and disrupts their functions.

The source and reservoir of infection are sick women and persistent carriers of ureaplasma. Men are considered temporary carriers of the infection, capable of infecting women during intimacy.

Infection with ureaplasma spp. happens in several ways:

Sexual - with oral-genital, vaginal and anal contact,
Vertical - from a sick mother to the fetus during pregnancy and childbirth,
Hematogenous - through an infected placenta and umbilical cord vessels,
Transplantation - during organ transplantation,
Hemotransfusion - with blood transfusion,
Contact and household - in extremely rare cases.

Ureaplasma spp is most often found in women who have several sexual partners, who are preparing to become mothers, who are undergoing hormone therapy, and in socially disadvantaged individuals.

In healthy people, ureaplasma spp does not manifest itself in any way. At the slightest malfunction in the body, the immune defense decreases, and clinical signs of ureaplasmosis appear.

In men, ureaplasmosis usually occurs as urethritis, epididymitis, cystitis, and pyelonephritis. Ureaplasma species nest in women in the vagina and uterine cavity. It causes vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, cervical neoplasia, cervical insufficiency, urethral syndrome and urinary incontinence. Pre- and postmenstrual periods are the most appropriate time for the appearance of clinical signs of the disease. The younger the woman, the more pronounced the symptoms of ureaplasmosis.

Clinical signs of diseases caused by ureaplasma species:

Women experience light vaginal discharge without color or odor, sometimes mixed with blood; pain in the lower abdomen, intensifying during sexual intercourse and immediately after it; itching and burning in the perineum; feeling of fullness of the bladder and other dysuric symptoms. Their libido decreases and pregnancy does not occur for a long time. On examination, the mucous membrane of the cervix is hyperemic and edematous.
Men complain of cloudy, odorless discharge from the urethra that occurs in the morning; itching and burning in the perineum; lower abdominal pain; discomfort when urinating; pain when touching the scrotum and head of the penis; decreased libido. A man with ureaplasma experiences erectile dysfunction, the consistency of semen changes, sperm motility deteriorates, and their destruction occurs. Spermatogenic cells are deformed, sperm fluidity deteriorates.

Diagnosis of ureaplasma infection in men begins with an external examination of the genital organs, palpation of the scrotum, and rectal examination of the prostate. Then a smear from the urethra, urine and seminal fluid are taken from the patient and a microscopic examination is performed. Ultrasound of the prostate and scrotum can confirm or refute the suspected diagnosis. In women, the vagina and cervix are examined, the ovaries are palpated, and a full gynecological examination is performed. Microscopy of smears from the urethra, vagina and cervix, as well as ultrasound of the pelvic organs are additional diagnostic methods.

Laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by ureaplasma species:

PCR is a highly sensitive, highly accurate and rapid diagnostic test that allows the detection of DNA fragments of ureaplasma spp. A positive PCR result indicates the detection of traces of infection in the test sample at a given time. A negative result indicates that no ureaplasma DNA was detected in the biomaterial. If the test result is positive, then the diagnosis is continued, since PCR does not quantitatively determine the pathogen. Otherwise, the diagnosis is stopped.

example of Ureaplasma spp identified by PCR

During treatment of ureaplasma infection, patients are advised to abstain from sexual activity, adhere to a certain diet, and not drink alcohol. Two weeks after the therapeutic course, the cure is monitored.

Preventive measures to prevent the development of ureaplasmosis:

Using condoms
Treating the genitals with antiseptics after sex,
Genital hygiene,
Periodic screening for STIs,
Regular visits to the gynecologist and urologist,
Treatment of chronic genitourinary diseases,
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle,
Strengthening the immune system.

Based on materials from izppp.ru

Many people who have visited a doctor are interested in the answer to the question - what is ureaplasma spp? Ureaplasma spices is a microorganism dangerous to human health, which is classified as a cross between bacteria and viruses, that is, it occupies an intermediate position between pathogenic microorganisms that can harm human health. This pathogen causes the development of diseases of the genitourinary system, which are asymptomatic. After penetration into the body, they begin to actively damage the mucous membrane of the genitourinary organs. And since diseases are asymptomatic in the human body, they most often become chronic. All diseases caused by a microorganism are called ureaplasmosis.

Ureaplasma spp is considered a normal and safe inhabitant of the body, which is located on the mucous membrane of the urinary organs and, when the protective functions of the immune system are reduced, causes inflammation. If the level of microorganisms inhabiting the mucous membrane begins to rise sharply in the genital and urinary organs, the disease will gradually begin to manifest itself. Women will notice signs of vulvovaginitis, and men will notice symptoms characterizing prostatitis or urethritis. After identifying unpleasant symptoms, the patient will need to see a doctor, who, having identified the growth of microbes in the body, will prescribe typing for the patient. Thanks to this method, it will be possible to identify the type of ureaplasma, as well as find out their quantity in the body.

Ureaplasmosis is considered a ticking time bomb. This infectious pathology is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through sexual intercourse. The disease usually occurs without symptoms, and during an exacerbation it makes itself felt with clinical signs of one of the urinary or sexual diseases.

If the level of microorganisms on the mucous membranes is high, and the patient does not undergo timely treatment, this can lead to impaired sexual function in people, regardless of gender, and also cause infertility. The pathology also causes chronic urinary diseases, which will make themselves felt throughout the patient’s life. After all, it is impossible to completely cure advanced pathology, even if doctors prescribe modern procedures to the patient. Sooner or later, a person will experience a relapse of a previously neglected disease, which will be expressed by the appearance of unpleasant symptoms.

Diseases that develop as a result of the development of chronic ureaplasmosis include:

cystitis;
infertility;
development of the adhesive process;
arthritis.

Statistics show that the rate of development of such pathologies is growing rapidly in the modern world. As a result, the disease deprives married couples of the opportunity to have children, which is considered the worst complication of the pathology.

Therefore, ureaplasmosis should not be given a chance to develop quickly in the human body, otherwise it will greatly worsen his health and general condition.

Ureaplasma spp is a gram-negative coccabacillus that belongs to the Mycoplasma family. This microorganism is presented in the form of a substance of viruses and bacteria, which does not have a cell membrane. The disease is called ureaplasma due to its ability to hydrolyze urea.

Why is ureaplasma spp often detected in human urine? The fact is that the urinary organs are considered the most favorite for the microorganism. Much less often, the microbe settles in other organs, for example, in the lung tissue or kidneys.

Ureaplasma spp is the general name for pathogenic microorganisms that have common biochemical and morphological qualities - ureaplasma urealiticum and ureaplasma parvum.

The word species in medicine is used in cases where, using PCR diagnostics, it was possible to identify the DNA structure of the pathogen. In this case, additional diagnostic measures should not be carried out, since using this method it is possible to accurately identify the type of disease, as well as its degree and form.

Ureaplasma species can remain on the mucous membrane of the genital or urinary organs for a long time and not manifest itself in any way - this means that the disease will actively develop, but the person will not know about the infection. Typically, carriers of the infection find out that they are infected with an infectious disease only during a routine medical examination. Many live quietly with ureaplasma spp throughout their lives and do not even suspect it. However, complications develop quite quickly in them, which is expressed in frequent and long-term pathologies, as well as suppression of the immune system.

Urealyticum begin to multiply quickly and actively if the human body is exposed to certain factors. They cause a disruption in the natural balance, which leads to the development of various types of ailments.

Factors contributing to infection with ureaplasma spp include:

disturbance of intestinal microflora;
immunodeficiency;
decrease in the level of leukocytes in the bloodstream;
deterioration of the skin condition;
chronic diseases of the genitourinary system;
incorrect or unreasonable use of local antiseptics;
long-term use of hormones and certain types of antibiotics;
frequent stressful situations;
bacterial vaginosis;
disturbance of the acid-base balance in the female body (more precisely, in the vaginal cavity);
injuries to organs located in the pelvis;
frequent and severe hypothermia;
pregnancy and recent labor;
STI.

Ureaplasma spp is dangerous for humans because it easily passes through micropores and is not sensitive to some antimicrobial medications. After activation in the body, the bacterium penetrates the genome of germ cells, after which it disrupts their functioning.

The source of infection is considered to be women, as well as carriers of ureaplasma, which can be called persistent. Men, in comparison with the fairer sex, are temporary carriers of the infection, which can be transmitted to a partner during sexual intercourse.

Infection of a healthy person with ureaplasma spp is carried out in several ways, namely:

sexual – during vaginal, oral-genital or anal intercourse;
vertical – from the infected mother to the fetus during pregnancy or labor;
hematogenous - through the umbilical cord or infected placenta;
contact-household - in quite rare cases, with the help of household items on which microorganisms live;
transplantation – occurs due to the introduction of infected organs into the body of a healthy person;
blood transfusion - with blood transfusion.

Infection through sexual intercourse is most often observed in patients - this usually occurs during unprotected intimacy.

Since ureaplasmas are small and even tiny microorganisms, they freely penetrate the female body even through the pores of contraceptives, so they will not save a healthy person from infection if a partner has ureaplasmosis.

It is important to note that in a person with a strong immune system, the disease develops quite rarely. Therefore, everyone should keep their own immune system in a healthy state, and also try to support it in every possible way by taking vitamins and microelements.

The disease ureaplasma spp is more often diagnosed in women with a low standard of living, who have several regular sexual partners, are also preparing to become a mother, and undergo hormone therapy. In them, as statistics show, the growth of pathogenic microorganisms occurs at any favorable moment.

In a healthy person, ureaplasma spp does not manifest itself in any way. With any problems in the body, a decrease in immune defense occurs, as a result of which the patient may notice clinical symptoms of the pathology.

In males, the disease follows a similar pattern to cystitis, urethritis or epididymitis. Ureaplasma spp is more often found in women in the uterine cavity or vagina, as a result of which the microorganism causes endometritis, cervicitis, cervical neoplasia, urinary incontinence and other pathologies hazardous to health. In the fairer sex, clinical symptoms appear before and after the menstrual cycle, so at this time it is necessary to closely monitor their health. The younger the woman, the more severe the symptoms of the disease will be.

Clinical signs of disease in women caused by ureaplasma spp are:

decreased libido;
long absence of pregnancy;
swelling of the cervix (the pathology is also characterized by hyperemia of this organ);
light, rare and colorless discharge that has no odor (sometimes there are blood impurities in it);
pain in the lower abdomen, which intensifies during and after intimacy;
a feeling of fullness in the bladder, even if there is a small portion of urine in it.

Signs of the disease developing in men include:

cloudy discharge from the urethral cavity, which usually makes itself felt in the morning;
itching and burning in the perineum;
pain when touching the head of a hollow organ and the scrotum;
pain in the lower abdomen;
decreased libido;
erectile disfunction;
change in the color and consistency of seminal fluid;
deterioration in the mobility of gametes, which causes their rapid destruction;
decreased quality of sperm fluidity;
deformation of spermatogenic cells.

These symptoms indicate the course of an acute form of the disease. If the patient does not begin timely complex therapy, the signs of the disease will gradually subside - at this time the disease will first turn into a subacute form, and then into a chronic form. During its course, the patient will notice only a slight and short-term burning sensation in the genitals and urethra.

Most patients pretend not to notice the symptoms of a mild course of the disease, as a result of which it quickly turns into an advanced form, which is the most dangerous to health.

If the disease is not treated, adhesions will appear in the organs located in the pelvis, which can clog the seminal duct and fallopian tubes. In this case, women and men experience infertility.

Often, ureaplasmosis spreads through the genitourinary tract, affecting the bladder and kidneys.

Pregnant women who are diagnosed with the disease during pregnancy often do not carry children to term, as they experience premature birth. In this case, children are born with neuropathy, pneumonia and malnutrition, and the mother has a high risk of “catching” endometriosis after childbirth.

Diagnostic measures for ureaplasma infection in men begin with examination of the genital organs, examination of the prostate using the rectal method, as well as palpation of the scrotum. The patient is then required to take a urethral swab, seminal fluid and urine for microscopic examination. The patient is also prescribed an ultrasound, with the help of which it is possible to understand whether the man is really developing ureaplasmosis or not.

In women, the doctor will examine the cervix and vaginal cavity, palpate the ovaries, as well as a complete gynecological examination. The patient will need to undergo a smear from the vagina, cervix and urethra, as well as an ultrasound of the organs located in the pelvis.

Laboratory diagnosis of pathology caused by ureaplasma spp is as follows:

Carrying out PCR. This is a quick and highly sensitive test that helps identify DNA fragments of the pathogen in the human body. If the result is positive, this indicates the presence of ureaplasma spp in the body. A negative result indicates that the biomaterial does not contain microorganism DNA. In case of a positive result, the diagnosis must be continued, since PCR does not allow identifying the type of pathogen.
Bacteriological research. Carrying out a study of biomaterial helps to identify the amount of the pathogen in the patient’s body. The norm for ureaplasma spp is 10 to 4 CFU/ml. If the level of microorganisms is higher, the doctor has the right to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment.
ELISA. Helps identify antibodies in the patient’s body that are produced by him for protection. This diagnostic test is not prescribed for every patient.
Submitting urine for culture, which will help identify the disease in the urinary organs, and not just in the genitals.
PLR. This technique will reveal parvum (parvum), which is common with ureaplasmosis.

If the level of ureaplasma spp is high, the patient needs treatment that will restore normal functioning of the body and also destroy the causative agent of ureaplasmosis.

When carrying out complex treatment, patients are required to give up sexual activity, strictly adhere to a special diet prescribed by a doctor, and also stop taking alcoholic beverages. 2 weeks after the course of treatment, the doctor will conduct a full examination of the patient to monitor whether the pathology has been cured.

The complex treatment scheme is as follows:

Taking antibiotics. This method is considered the main one for treatment if the disease is caused by ureaplasma spp. Patients are most often prescribed antibiotics belonging to the group of macrolides (Sumamed, Azithromycin) and fluoroquinols (Tsifran, Suprax).
Immunomodulators. Doctors prescribe them to increase the protective properties of the immune system. Drugs in this group include Amiksin, Polyoxidonium and Lipopid.
The use of antifungal and antiprotozoal agents. They are prescribed to patients to prevent the development of candidiasis. These medications include Fluconazole, Nystatin, Metronidazole and Itraconazole.
Taking vitamins and special enzymes.
Dieting. The patient must necessarily exclude salty, spicy and other foods that have irritating properties from the diet.
To carry out complex treatment of pregnant women, intravenous administration of immunoglobulins is used, as well as ozone therapy.

On average, the course of treatment for a patient lasts 2 months. An indicator of complete cure is considered to be a negative result during PCR diagnostics, which shows that the human body is completely free of pathogenic microorganisms.

If the patient's condition is unsatisfactory, treatment can last for 6 months.

Based on materials from uromens.ru

Ureaplasma SPP, what is it and what do you need to know to quickly get rid of the problem? Ureaplasma Species is a type of tiny bacteria that lives on the mucous membranes of the human genitourinary organs. These bacteria are classified as opportunistic microorganisms. They have the ability to cause diseases, but at the same time they can be found in completely healthy people.

Bacteria are small in size and have a distinctive feature of the absence of a rigid cell wall, for which they are called defective bacteria, but thanks to this property they can penetrate through the smallest pores and quickly adapt to different types of antibiotics. Another important distinguishing property is the ability to hydrolyze urea to ammonia, which is called ureolysis.

Ureaplasma Species do not have DNA and are similar in size to viruses. According to their characteristics, they are like a transitional link from viruses to bacteria.

Methods of infection

The source of infection with ureaplasmosis is a sick person. Ureaplasmosis is very widespread and is one of the most common infections transmitted through sexual contact. The infection can also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth. More often, the bacterium is found on the genitals and in the child’s nasopharynx.

During childbirth, infection occurs during the passage of the fetus through the birth canal, and it threatens the development of acute pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and even possible blood poisoning and inflammation of the meninges. The occurrence of cerebral palsy and the risk of developing a psychomotor index were observed. Untreated ureaplasmosis can cause premature birth and lung damage in a newborn baby.

During pregnancy, infection is unlikely, since the fetus is reliably protected by the placenta. If ureaplasmosis is initially detected during pregnancy, this is not a prerequisite for its termination. With adequate and timely treatment, the child is born completely healthy.

There is a possibility of infection with ureaplasmosis during organ transplantation - this is a very rare, but still common route of infection.

The main causes of infection are the following factors:

Onset of sexual activity at an early age.
A large number of sexual partners (even when using barrier contraceptives).
Urological, infectious and venereal diseases.

The following can provoke increased proliferation of the bacterium Ureaplasma SPP:

Use of antibiotics.
Use of hormonal medications.
Frequent stressful situations, deterioration in quality of life.

During the study, the bacterium Ureaplasma SPP was detected in the vagina of healthy women in 60% and in newborn girls in 30% of subjects. It is found much less frequently in men. They are temporary carriers of bacteria. In addition, this type of bacteria causes a lot of controversy regarding its harmfulness.

Ureaplasma cannot be infected in swimming pools or public places.

Symptoms of ureaplasmosis

Ureaplasma can occur in acute and chronic forms in any part of the genitourinary system. The most striking manifestation is in the acute form.

According to research, it has been found that the incubation period of ureaplasmosis lasts up to several months, depending on the condition of the organism of the infected person. And this fact complicates the correct diagnosis.

Ureaplasma Species, once in the genitourinary tract, may not show any symptoms for a very long time, and this sometimes lasts for several years. It all depends on physiological obstacles. The main factor in protecting against symptoms is a healthy microflora. When the balance in it is disturbed, ureaplasma is activated and begins to multiply intensively. Bacteria begin their destructive activity. In this case, ureaplasmosis is diagnosed, although the disease does not show pronounced symptoms that bring concern to the sick.

Women may experience clear vaginal discharge and a burning sensation when urinating. In case of weakened immunity, the infection can move further through the genitals, causing inflammation of the uterus or appendages (endometritis).

In men, the symptoms are similar: clear and insignificant discharge appears from the urethra, pain and burning when urinating. As the disease progresses, it can cause inflammation of the urethra, testicles and their appendages, bladder and prostate gland.

Sometimes, with a mild manifestation, Ureaplasma SPP can go away on its own, but this does not guarantee its cure. The bacterium Ureaplasma Species continues to reside in the human body until the next failure in the immune system.

If ureaplasmosis becomes chronic, it can provoke the formation of adhesions. This threatens women with narrowing of the fallopian tubes, and men with narrowing of the vas deferens.

Diagnostics

The most informative method is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To identify an infection, a sample of the patient’s biological fluid is taken and the presence of pathogen DNA is determined. To detect the bacteria, the following tests must be taken: a smear from the urethra or vagina, urine, ejaculate in men.

An additional bacteriological test is prescribed. It makes it possible to find out the type of pathogen and the antibacterial substance to which it is sensitive.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) provides information about the form of the disease (acute and chronic). This method is used in rare cases due to its low accuracy.

The exact result of the analysis can be affected by violation of the rules of storage of the material, its contamination and incorrect collection. The number of cells when taking biomaterial should not be less than 500.

Treatment methods

Often people can live with such infections and not be aware of the existence of the Ureaplasma Species bacterium. Depending on how the pathogen develops in the human body, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

The main treatment is the use of antibiotics:

Macrolides. This is Azithromycin or Sumamed.
Fluoroquinolones. This group of drugs is characterized by a longer treatment period, but the effectiveness is no worse than with macrolides. Patients are usually cured of the bacterium Ureplasma SPP with Suprax, Tsifran or Avelox.
Tetracyclines. For this disease, they are used only if treatment with the above drugs is ineffective. Drugs in this group are characterized by an ineffective effect on the causative agent of the disease. Doxycillin or Unidox is prescribed.

To strengthen the immune system, immunostimulants are prescribed.

So you should not underestimate the consequences of this disease, which means that you need to get rid of the Ureaplasma Species bacteria in the body.

Ureaplasma in women has become commonplace in recent years. Medical statistics show: over the past few years, the lines “ureaplasma normal” or “conditional normocenosis” have become less and less common in patient test results forms, and the number of detected diseases caused by opportunistic microorganisms is growing year by year.

The frequency of diagnosis of “ureaplasma infection” reaches 20% in relatively healthy women. Ureaplasma in a smear taken from women at risk is detected even more often - in 30% of cases of the total number of subjects examined.

The data from pediatricians is also impressive: every fifth child becomes infected while passing through the birth canal.

In men, ureaplasma urealiticum is detected in increased quantities much less frequently than in the fairer sex. Early detection of the causative agents of the disease and proper treatment guarantee complete relief from the disease.

Read about how to recognize the disease, what indicators of ureaplasma in women are considered normal, and what the lack of adequate therapy can lead to.